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Detailed seismic zoning of the East Kazakhstan region in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第2期15卷 156-165页

作者： Natalya V.Silacheva N.P.Stepanenko O.K.Kurilova A.D.Kudabayeva A.T.Danabayeva Institute of seismology Ministry of Emergency SituationsAlmaty 050060Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is currently drafting new construction regulations that comply with the major provisions of the Eurocodes.Such regulations are created on the basis of seismic zoning maps of various degrees of detail,developed by our Institute of seismology using a new methodological approach for Kazakhstan.The article is about creating the first normative map of the Detailed Seismic Zoning on a probabilistic foundation for the Republic of Kazakhstan’s East Kazakhstan region.We carried out the probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard using a methodology consistent with the main provisions of Eurocode 8and updated compared with that used in developing maps of Kazakhstan’s General Seismic Zoning and seismic microzoning of Almaty.The most thorough and current data accessible for the area under consideration were combined with contemporary analytical techniques.Updates have been done to not only the databases being used but also the way seismic sources were shown,including active faults now.On a scale of 1:1000000,precise seismic zoning maps of the East Kazakhstan region were created for two probabilities of exceedance:10%and 2%in 50 years in terms of peak ground accelerations and macroseismic intensities.The obtained seismic hazard distribution is generally consistent with the General Seismic Zoning of Kazakhstan’s previous findings.However,because active faults were included and a thoroughly revised catalog was used,there are more pronounced zones of increased danger along the fault in the western part of the region.In the west of the territory,acceleration values also increased due to a more accurate consideration of seismotectonic conditions.Zoning maps are the basis for developing new state building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

关键词： Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment Detailed seismic zoning Peak ground acceleration Microseismical intensity

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Source model of the 2018 MW7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake constrained by InSAR measurements: Insight into a blind rupture beneath the New Guinea Highlands

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第4期15卷 315-325页

作者： Wei Chen Tianchen Sheng Wei Xiong Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy Institute of SeismologyChina Earthquake Administration Qinghai Provincial Basic Surveying and Mapping Institute School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University

The Southern Highland Fold and Thrust Belt（SHFTB）, the boundary of the Australian plate and the New Guinea Highland block, significantly contributes to the convergent deformation along the plate boundary. However, due to the lack of observation data, the detailed slip pattern of the SHFTB and the orogenic mechanism beneath the New Guinea Highlands remains controversial. On 25 February 2018, the MW7.5 Papua New Guinea（PNG） earthquake struck the southeastern segment of the SHFTB. The detailed rupture characteristics of this event is significant for further clarifying the inter-seismic slip pattern along the SHFTB. Here, the coseismic deformation field of this earthquake was obtained using high-resolution ALOS-2 satellite images. We find that the 2018 MW7.5 PNG earthquake ruptured a large-scaled fault（SHFTB） extending to the lower crust（deeper than 20 km） beneath the New Guinea Highlands, with a dip angle of 24°. The slips on the fault plane are equivalent to moment magnitudes of MW7.51. Three major asperities with thrust-dominated slip of up to 3.94 m are detected on the fault plane. This finding implies that the slip pattern on the eastern segment of the SHFTB is dominated by thrust, rather than with significant sinistral movement, as previously reported. The tectonic deformation across the New Guinea Highlands is possibly concentrated on the large-scale fault SHFTB and primarily controls the intracontinental orogeny in the central Papua New Guinea.

关键词： 2018 M W 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake The Southern Highlands Fold-and-Thrust Belt InSAR Slip distribution Seismic risk

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Slip rate and interseismic coupling along the Moxi-Shimian segment of the Xianshuihe fault, Eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第4期15卷 338-351页

作者： Xinyu Zhao Gang Liu Zhaosheng Nie Wei Xiong Wei Chen Mu Lin Dijin Wang Qi Li Jiansheng Yu Dongzhen Wang Pengfei Yu Institute of seismology China Earthquake Administration Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy China Earthquake Administration State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

On September 5, 2022, the Luding M6.8 earthquake occurred in the Moxi-Shimian segment of the Xianshuihe fault, coinciding with the historical ruptured zone of the 1786 Moxi earthquake. Its seismogenic environment provides a foundation for comprehending the mechanism of the earthquake and its future hazard. In the Moxi-Shimian segment, we establish a series of near-field Global Navigation Satellite Systems（GNSS） stations to enhance the spatial resolution of observational data for the inversion of the interseismic kinematic parameters. In this study, with an elastic screw dislocation model constrained by GNSS observations, the slip rate of the Moxi-Shimian segment is estimated to be10.9 ± 1.0 mm/yr, while the locking dept. is 15.7 ± 6.2 km. Additionally, we utilize a block-dislocation model to invert the interseismic fault coupling along the Kangding-Moxi-Shimian segment. The result indicates a gradual deepening of the locking dept. along the section from Kangding to Shimian. The coseismic rupture of the 2022 event occurred within the high coupling regions in the Kangding-MoxiShimian segment, which indicates that the rupture kinematics in this event might be controlled by the interseismic deformation. The seismic moment accumulated within the ruptured zone of the Luding earthquake since 1786 ranges in [1.42-3.40] × 1019N·m, which is significantly greater than the seismic moment released during the 2022 event. As a result, we infer that the Luding earthquake released only a portion of the accumulated energy within the original rupture zone since 1786, indicating that the 2022 event has not caused a complete rupture in the Moxi-Shimian segment. Consequently, there remains a substantial seismic hazard in this area.

关键词： Moxi-Shimian segment of Xianshuihe fault Luding earthquake Global positioning system Interseismic kinematic parameters

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Coseismic deformation and fault slip distribution of the 2023 M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.6 earthquakes in Türkiye

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Earthquake Science 2024年第3期37卷 263-276页

作者： Weikang Li Lijiang Zhao Kai Tan Xiaofei Lu Caihong Zhang Chengtao Li Shuaishuai Han Institute of seismology China Earthquake AdministrationWuhan 430071China Wuhan Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides National Observation and Research Station Wuhan 430071China School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China

On February 6,2023,a devastating earthquake with a moment magnitude of M_(W)7.8 struck the town of Pazarcik in south-central Türkiye,followed by another powerful earthquake with a moment magnitude of M_(W)7.6 that struck the nearby city of Elbistan 9 h later.To study the characteristics of surface deformation caused by this event and the influence of fault rupture,this study calculated the static coseismic deformation of 56 stations and dynamic displacement waveforms of 15 stations using data from the Turkish national fixed global navigation satellite system(GNSS)network.A maximum static coseismic displacement of 0.38 m for the M_(W)7.8 Kahramanmaras earthquake was observed at station ANTE,36 km from the epicenter,and a maximum dynamic coseismic displacement of 4.4 m for the M_(W)7.6 Elbistan earthquake was observed at station EKZ1,5 km from the epicenter.The rupture-slip distributions of the two earthquakes were inverted using GNSS coseismic deformation as a constraint.The results showed that the Kahramanmaras earthquake rupture segment was distinct and exposed on the ground,resulting in significant rupture slip along the Amanos and Pazarcik fault segments of the East Anatolian Fault.The maximum slip in the Pazarcik fault segment was 10.7 m,and rupture occurred at dept.s of 0–15 km.In the Cardak fault region,the Elbistan earthquake caused significant ruptures at dept.s of 0–12 km,with the largest amount of slip reaching 11.6 m.The Coulomb stress change caused by the Kahramanmaras earthquake rupture along the Cardak fault segment was approximately 2 bars,and the area of increased Coulomb stress corresponded to the subsequent rupture region of the M_(W)7.6 earthquake.Thus,it is likely that the M_(W)7.8 earthquake triggered or promoted the M_(W)7.6 earthquake.Based on the cumulative stress impact of the M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.6 events,the southwestern segment of the East Anatolian Fault,specifically the Amanos fault segment,experienced a Coulomb rupture stress change exceeding 2 bars,warranting further attention to as

关键词： 2023 Türkiye earthquake GNSS observation coseismic deformation field slip distribution

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Response of InSight resonance modes to environmental factors on Mars

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第4期8卷 579-588页

作者： LiFei Tian HuaJian Yao Laboratory of seismology and Physics of Earth’s Interior School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaMengcheng 230026China

The InSight(Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations,Geodesy,and Heat Transport)mission has recorded continuous ambient noise signals with many spectral peaks since its landing in 2018.The majority of these peaks are modes produced by instrumental vibrations and are associated with environmental factors,such as temperature and wind energy fluctuations.Understanding how these modes react under various conditions is crucial because it aids in identifying their origins.In this study,we analyzed the three-component spectra of InSight recordings from sols 184–738 and obtained the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR,also known as H/V)curves for different time intervals.The primary modes,such as those at 3.3 and 4.1 Hz,exhibited different behaviors,suggesting diverse origins.Some modes were sensitive to low temperature and some were sensitive to high temperature.Additionally,we investigated the influence of wind and temperature on the H/V curve.The peak frequency was mainly affected by temperature,whereas the H/V value was not associated with the temperature or wind only.Characterizing these modes and elucidating their origins are significant for processing signals from InSight and can provide valuable guidance for designing future planetary seismometers.

关键词： Mars InSight spectral peaks H/V curve

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Implementation of a particle-in-cell method for the energy solver in 3D spherical geodynamic modeling

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第3期8卷 549-563页

作者： Hao Dong ZeBin Cao LiJun Liu YanChong Li SanZhong Li LiMing Dai XinYu Li Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting TechniquesMinistry of Education and College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Marine Geology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Department of Earth Science&Environmental Change University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Laboratory of seismology and Physics of Earth’s Interior School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The thermal evolution of the Earth’s interior and its dynamic effects are the focus of Earth sciences.However,the commonly adopted grid-based temperature solver is usually prone to numerical oscillations,especially in the presence of sharp thermal gradients,such as when modeling subducting slabs and rising plumes.This phenomenon prohibits the correct representation of thermal evolution and may cause incorrect implications of geodynamic processes.After examining several approaches for removing these numerical oscillations,we show that the Lagrangian method provides an ideal way to solve this problem.In this study,we propose a particle-in-cell method as a strategy for improving the solution to the energy equation and demonstrate its effectiveness in both one-dimensional and three-dimensional thermal problems,as well as in a global spherical simulation with data assimilation.We have implemented this method in the open-source finite-element code CitcomS,which features a spherical coordinate system,distributed memory parallel computing,and data assimilation algorithms.

关键词： numerical oscillation overshooting and undershooting particle-in-cell method three-dimensional spherical geodynamic modeling energy solver finite element method

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Models(form)of long-,medium-and short-term earthquake precursors

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第6期13卷 609-618页

作者： Abdullabekov Kakharbay Nasirbekovich Yusupov Valijon Rustamovich Institute of seismology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan TashkentUzbekistan

Through analysis and generalization of more than 50 years of monitoring data pertaining to geomagnetic earthquake precursors in landfills across Uzbekistan involving repeated route and area surveys and stationary observations,as well as extensive data retrieved from the study of the complex in foreign countries,models of long-,medium-and short-term earthquake precursors were created for the first time.Medium-and short-term data were mainly studied based on monitoring data of the precursor complex considering geodynamic polygons in Uzbekistan.The analysis demonstrated that these precursors exhibit different shapes,configurations and signs.There occurred no uniform precursor form.Precursors exhibited bay-shaped forms,including both positive and negative signs,in addition to stepped,wave-oscillatory and other formats.The variety of manifestation forms primarily depends on the surrounding regions’geological and tectonic structures and the various processes in the Earth’s crust.

关键词： Epicentre Earthquakes Precursor Geodynamic polygon Forecast Magnetic field

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Numerical modelling of the stress in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第1期13卷 83-91页

作者： Ikram Atabekov Mirzoid Muminov Aziz Atabekov Institute of seismology Tashkent100128Uzbekistan National University of Uzbekistan Tashkent100174Uzbekistan

The current stress state of the Earth's crust in Central Asia depends entirely on the interaction of the Eurasian plate with the Indian and Arabian plates.Moreover,an essential role in this action is played by the subduction process in the Pamir-Hind Kush zone.In this region,deep earthquakes and anomalies in seismic velocities indicate subduction of the Indian Plate.To determine the effect of earthquakes on the stress state of the Earth's crust in Central Asia,we analyzed the hypocenters according to the available data over a hundred years.Taking the envelope of the hypocenters as the surface of the subducted indenter,we analyzed its penetration into the mantle.Instead of the pushing force of the indenter,the velocity of the Indian plate is taken into consideration.A model of the stresses is constructed on the equations of creeping motion of a viscous incompressible fluid.The stress variation in the Earth's crust and mantle was calculated as the stress difference before and after the earthquake.The mechanism of earthquakes is modelled by an introduction of equivalent volume forces in the equilibrium equations corresponding to a couple dipoles without a moment.The equations of creeping motion are numerically solved using boundary element methods.Numerical experiments with different physical model pa-rameters for the Earth's crust and mantle were conducted.To introduce the negative buoyancy of the subducting plate,partial eclogitization of the rocks in the collision zone was assumed.As a result,a certain combination of stiffness and density was determined for the lithosphere and mantle,which explained the peculiarities of this region.The influence of crustal and mantle earthquakes in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region on the change in background stresses in Central Asia was analyzed which are not higher than 2-3%.

关键词： Pamir-hindu kush Stress state Mantle earthquakes Boundary element method

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Crustal structure of the Qiangtang and Songpan-Ganzi terranes(eastern Tibet) from the 2-D normalized full gradient of gravity anomaly

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第6期13卷 535-543页

作者： Songbai Xuan Chongyang Shen Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Institute of seismology China Earthquake AdministrationWuhan 430071 China

Numerous geophysical studies have revealed the lithospheric structure of the Qiangtang and the Songpan-Ganzi terranes in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.However,crust-mantle evolution and crustal response to the Indian lithospheric subduction are still controversial.Answering these questions requires additional information regarding crustal structure.In this study,the 2-D normalized full gradient(NFG)of the Bouguer gravity anomaly was used to investigate anomalous sources and interpret the crustal structure underneath the Qiangtang and Songpan-Ganzi terranes.The NFG-derived structures with loworder harmonic numbers(N=33 and N=43)showed that an anomalous source beneath the southern Qiangtang terrane had a characteristic northeastward-dipping shape,suggesting the northeastward motion of the crustal material induced by underthrusting Indian lithospheric mantle.The NFG images with harmonic number N=53 showed a large-scale anomalous source in the lower crust of the transformational zone from the Qiangtang terrane to the Songpan-Ganzi terrane,consistent with thickening crust and resistance of lower crustal flow.The anomalous source demonstrated by the NFG results with harmonic number N=71,located in the upper crust underneath the Ganzi-Yushu fault,suggested a seismogenic body of the 2010 M6.9 Yushu event.

关键词： Gravity anomaly Normalized full gradient Crustal structures Anomalous sources Qiangtang and Songpan-Ganzi terranes

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Secondary alteration of minerals in basalts of the Evevpenta gold occurrence(North Kamchatka， Russia) as indicators of ore forming processes

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地学前缘 2023年

作者： Anastasiya Sergeeva Pavel Zhegunov Elena Skilskaia Mariya Nazarova Elena Kartasheva Anna Kuzmina Svetlana Moskaleva Olesya Zobenko Sharapat Kudaeva Ekaterina Plutakhina Kseniya Shishkanova Institute of Volcanology and seismology， Far Eastern Branch， Russian Academy of Sciences

This paper describes in detail the mineralogy of the propylitic alteration of basalt host rocks in the Evevpenta gold occurrence in North Kamchatka. The vein system of the Evevpenta consists of quartz， adularia-quartz， quartz-carbonate veins， and， hydrothermal breccias hosted in dacite. Vein minerals are native gold， tellurides， sulfides， selenides， Au-Ag chlorides. The propylitic alteration occurs at a distance from the epithermal veins; however， it contains characteristic mineral assemblages useful for the reconstruction of an ore-formation environment. Four distinct hydrothermal alteration assemblages were recognized within the propylitic zone in this study: (1) Fluorapatite-fluorine-aluminous titanite， (2) Quartz-calcite-clinochlore， (3) Quartz-calcite-stilbite-montmorillonite， and 4. Calcite-mordenite. The earliest mineral assemblage was formed from an acid F-enriched hydrothermal fluid. The concentration of fluoride in fluid was 0.2–1.2 g/L， and temperature of about 550 ℃. The long-term interaction between the acid hydrothermal fluid and olivine basalt host rocks resulted in increasing pH to near neutral that caused chloritization process. The chloritization stage hydrothermal fluid was enriched in Fe and Mg with temperatures of about 175–210℃， chlorite I， and 120–140℃， chlorite II. The final stage of alteration consists of zeolite group minerals， which were precipitated from the hydrothermal fluid of pH ～ 9 and temperature >135℃. The high pH of the hydrothermal fluid could be explained by the presence of bicarbonates and carbonates and removal of the iron salt from the solution. Based on the alteration mineral assemblages of the propylitic zone， the physical and chemical conditions of the Evevpenta vein system are discussed. The transport of ore elements took place due to the formation of precious metal Cl–and OH–complexes at the stage of hydrothermal system formation with circulation of alkaline sodium chloride solutions. Chalcogens were also transferred by high pH solutions.

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