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The evolution of cancer genomic medicine in japan and the role of the National Cancer Center japan

Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第1期21卷 29-44页

作者： Teruhiko Yoshida Yasushi Yatabe Ken Kato Genichiro Ishii Akinobu Hamada Hiroyuki Mano Kuniko Sunami Noboru Yamamoto Takashi Kohno Department of Genetic Medicine and Services National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Department of Diagnostic Pathology National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Clinical Research Support Offce Clinical Research Coordinating SectionBiobank Translational Research Support SectionNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories National Cancer Center Hospital EastChiba 277-8577Japan Division of Molecular Pharmacology National Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyo 104-0045Japan National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo 104-0045Japan Department of Laboratory Medicine National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Department of Experimental Therapeutics National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Division of Genome Biology National Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyo 104-0045Japan

The journey to implement cancer genomic medicine(CGM)in oncology practice began in the 1980s,which is considered the dawn of genetic and genomic cancer *** the time,a variety of activating oncogenic alterations and their functional significance were unveiled in cancer cells,which led to the development of molecular targeted therapies in the 2000s and *** CGM is still a relatively new discipline and it is difficult to predict to what extent CGM will benefit the diverse pool of cancer patients,the National Cancer Center(NCC)of japan has already contributed considerably to CGM advancement for the conquest of *** back at these past achievements of the NCC,we predict that the future of CGM will involve the following:1)A biobank of paired cancerous and non-cancerous tissues and cells from various cancer types and stages will be *** quantity and quality of these samples will be compatible with omics *** biobank samples will be linked to longitudinal clinical information.2)New technologies,such as whole-genome sequencing and artificial intelligence,will be introduced and new bioresources for functional and pharmacologic analyses(e.g.,a patient-derived xenograft library)will be systematically deployed.3)Fast and bidirectional translational research(bench-to-bedside and bedside-to-bench)performed by basic researchers and clinical investigators,preferably working alongside each other at the same institution,will be implemented;4)Close collaborations between academia,industry,regulatory bodies,and funding agencies will be established.5)There will be an investment in the other branch of CGM,personalized preventive medicine,based on the individual's genetic predisposition to cancer.

关键词： Cancer genomic medicine biobank patient-derived xenograft multi-gene panel test whole genome sequencing

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Genomic medicine in clinical practice:national genomic medicine program in japan

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第1期21卷 4-9页

Cancer statistics in japan Cancer is the most common cause of death in japan based on Statistics 2021~*** statistics were first gathered,infectious diseases,such as tuberculosis,and cerebrovascular disease have been the main causes of death in *** surpassed cerebrovascular disease as the main cause of death in 1981,and the number of cancer deaths has *** 38,000 people died of cancer in *** National Cancer Center(NCC)reported that the 5-year survival rate for patients with cancer was improving(62%for males and 66.9%for females)in a population-based cancer registry.

关键词： Cancer cancer death

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Mission of the National Cancer Center Hospital in japan to promote clinical trials for precision medicine

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第1期21卷 1-3页

作者： Kazuaki Shimada Kenichi Nakamura Noboru Yamamoto Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Clinical Research Support Offce National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Department of Experimental Therapeutics National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan

Precision medicine is a growing field *** its potential benefit to many patients,several major obstacles must be overcome before precision medicine can be more widely used in clinical *** main obstacles are associated... 详细信息

关键词： clinical Cancer overcome

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Three-dimensional crystal defect imaging by STEM depth sectioning

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第8期33卷 2-7页

作者： Ryo Ishikawa Naoya Shibata Yuichi Ikuhara Institute of Engineering Innovation The University of TokyoBunkyoTokyo 113-8656Japan

One of the major innovations awaiting in electron microscopy is full three-dimensional imaging at atomic *** the success of aberration correction to deep sub-angstrom lateral resolution,spatial resolution in depth is still far from atomic *** scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),this poor depth resolution is due to the limitation of the illumination *** overcome this physical limitation,it is essential to implement a next-generation aberration corrector in STEM that can significantly improve the depth *** review discusses the capability of depth sectioning for three-dimensional imaging combined with large-angle illumination ***,the statistical analysis approach remarkably improves the depth resolution,making it possible to achieve three-dimensional atomic resolution imaging at oxide *** will also discuss the future prospects of three-dimensional imaging at atomic resolution by STEM depth sectioning.

关键词： atomic-resolution STEM STEM depth sectioning depth resolution dopants surface topography

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A plant growth chamber system equipped with aerosol generators for studying aerosol-vegetation interactions

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 122-132页

作者： Masao Gen Seiji Ikawa Masahiro Yamaguchi Fong Zyin Lim Takeshi Izuta I.Wuled Lenggoro Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyo184-8588Japan Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509Japan Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki852-8521Japan Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyo184-8588Japan Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509Japan

Understanding aerosol-vegetation interactions is vital in ***,the interactions remain elusive partly due to the lack of suitable plant growth chamber ***,deposition of submicron particles on leaf surfaces is challenging due to its low deposition velocities compared to larger *** this work,we present a plant-growth chamber that was used to study the effect of sub-micron black carbon(BC)particles on the growth and photosynthesis of *** chamber system simultaneously enables the growth of multiple plants in pots and the deposition of submicron particles onto *** spraying methods assisted by ultrasonic and electrostatic forces were employed as aerosol generators to realize the particle *** flow regime inside the chamber was numeri-cally calculated to predict the transportation of aerosol particles,suggesting the optimal operating conditions of the *** gas-phase particle size distribution measurements showed that gener-ated BC particles were suspended in submicron diameter *** aerosol generators were examined in the chamber using three conductor and insulator substrates as a model of plant *** observations and spectroscopic analysis ascertained that submicron BC particles generated from our generators were deposited on all substrate *** the developed chamber system,systematic studies can be performed to advance the fundamental understanding of aerosol-vegetation interactions.

关键词： Aerosol Exposure chamber Spray drying Black carbon

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Investigation of Inside-Out Tracking Methods for Six Degrees of Freedom Pose Estimation of a Smartphone in Augmented Reality

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3047-3065页

作者： Chanho Park Takefumi Ogawa Graduate School of Engineering The University of TokyoTokyo113-0033Japan Information Technology Center The University of TokyoChiba277-0882Japan

Six degrees of freedom(6DoF)input interfaces are essential formanipulating virtual objects through translation or rotation in three-dimensional(3D)space.A traditional outside-in tracking controller requires the installation of expensive hardware in *** inside-out tracking controllers have been proposed,they often suffer from limitations such as interaction limited to the tracking range of the sensor(e.g.,a sensor on the head-mounted display(HMD))or the need for pose value modification to function as an input interface(e.g.,a sensor on the controller).This study investigates 6DoF pose estimation methods without restricting the tracking range,using a smartphone as a controller in augmented reality(AR)*** approach involves proposing methods for estimating the initial pose of the controller and correcting the pose using an inside-out tracking *** addition,seven pose estimation algorithms were presented as candidates depending on the tracking range of the device sensor,the tracking method(e.g.,marker recognition,visual-inertial odometry(VIO)),and whether modification of the initial pose is *** two experiments(discrete and continuous data),the performance of the algorithms was *** results demonstrate enhanced final pose accuracy achieved by correcting the initial ***,the importance of selecting the tracking algorithm based on the tracking range of the devices and the actual input value of the 3D interaction was emphasized.

关键词： Smartphone inside-out tracking 6DoF pose 3D interaction augmented reality

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Semantic segmentation-based semantic communication system for image transmission

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 519-527页

作者： Jiale Wu Celimuge Wu Yangfei Lin Tsutomu Yoshinaga Lei Zhong Xianfu Chen Yusheng Ji The univ..sity of Electro-Communication Tokyo182-8585Japan Toyota Motor Corporation Tokyo112-8701Japan VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland OuluFinland National Institute of Informatics(NII) Tokyo101-8430Japan

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the widespread use of the Internet of Things, semantic communication, as an emerging communication paradigm, has been attracting great interest. Taking image transmission as an example, from the semantic communication's view, not all pixels in the images are equally important for certain receivers. The existing semantic communication systems directly perform semantic encoding and decoding on the whole image, in which the region of interest cannot be identified. In this paper, we propose a novel semantic communication system for image transmission that can distinguish between Regions Of Interest (ROI) and Regions Of Non-Interest (RONI) based on semantic segmentation, where a semantic segmentation algorithm is used to classify each pixel of the image and distinguish ROI and RONI. The system also enables high-quality transmission of ROI with lower communication overheads by transmissions through different semantic communication networks with different bandwidth requirements. An improved metric θPSNR is proposed to evaluate the transmission accuracy of the novel semantic transmission network. Experimental results show that our proposed system achieves a significant performance improvement compared with existing approaches, namely, existing semantic communication approaches and the conventional approach without semantics.

关键词： Semantic Communication Semantic segmentation Image transmission Image compression Deep learning

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Model-free method for LQ mean-field social control problems with one-dimensional state space

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第3期22卷 479-486页

作者： Zhenhui Xu Tielong Shen School of Engineering Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo 152-8550Japan Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences Sophia UniversityTokyo 102-8554Japan

This paper presents a novel model-free method to solve linear quadratic(LQ)mean-field control problems with one-dimensional state space and multiplicative *** focus is on the infinite horizon LQ setting,where the conditions for solution either stabilization or optimization can be formulated as two algebraic Riccati equations(AREs).The proposed approach leverages the integral reinforcement learning technique to iteratively solve the drift-coefficient-dependent stochastic ARE(SARE)and other indefinite ARE,without requiring knowledge of the system dynamics.A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Mean-field control Social optima Infinite horizon Reinforcement learning

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Symmetric silicon microring resonator optical crossbar array for accelerated inference and training in deep learning

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Photonics Research 2024年第8期12卷 1681-1688页

作者： RUI TANG SHUHEI OHNO KEN TANIZAWA KAZUHIRO IKEDA MAKOTO OKANO KASIDIT TOPRASERTPONG SHINICHI TAKAGI MITSURU TAKENAKA Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan Quantum ICT Research Institute Tamagawa UniversityTokyo 194-8610Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Ibaraki 305-8568Japan

Photonic integrated circuits are emerging as a promising platform for accelerating matrix multiplications in deep learning,leveraging the inherent parallel nature of *** various schemes have been proposed and demonstrated to realize such photonic matrix accelerators,the in situ training of artificial neural networks using photonic accelerators remains challenging due to the difficulty of direct on-chip backpropagation on a photonic *** this work,we propose a silicon microring resonator(MRR)optical crossbar array with a symmetric structure that allows for simple on-chip backpropagation,potentially enabling the acceleration of both the inference and training phases of deep *** demonstrate a 4×4 circuit on a Si-on-insulator platform and use it to perform inference tasks of a simple neural network for classifying iris flowers,achieving a classification accuracy of 93.3%.Subsequently,we train the neural network using simulated on-chip backpropagation and achieve an accuracy of 91.1%in the same inference task after ***,we simulate a convolutional neural network for handwritten digit recognition,using a 9×9 MRR crossbar array to perform the convolution *** work contributes to the realization of compact and energy-efficient photonic accelerators for deep learning.

关键词： resonator neural matrix

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Caspase-11 mediated inflammasome activation in macrophages by systemic infection of *** exacerbates arthritis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第3期16卷 499-514页

作者： Tokuju Okano Hiroshi Ashida Noriko Komatsu Masayuki Tsukasaki Tamako Iida Marie Iwasawa Yuto Takahashi Yasuo Takeuchi Takanori Iwata Miwa Sasai Masahiro Yamamoto Hiroshi Takayanagi Toshihiko Suzuki Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis Infection and Host ResponseGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan Department of Immunology Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan Department of Osteoimmunology Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Science Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan Department of Immunoparasitology Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan

Clinical studies have shown that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(***)is associated with aggressive periodontitis and can potentially trigger or exacerbate rheumatoid arthritis(RA).However,the mechanism is poorly ***,we show that systemic infection with *** triggers the progression of arthritis in mice anti-collagen antibody-induced arthritis(CAIA)model following IL-1βsecretion and cell infiltration in paws in a manner that is dependent on caspase-11-mediated inflammasome activation in *** administration of polymyxin B(PMB),chloroquine,and anti-CD11b antibody suppressed inflammasome activation in macrophages and arthritis in mice,suggesting that the recognition of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in the cytosol after bacterial degradation by lysosomes and invasion via CD11b are needed to trigger arthritis following inflammasome activation in *** data reveal that the inhibition of caspase-11-mediated inflammasome activation potentiates aggravation of RA induced by infection with *** work highlights how RA can be progressed by inflammasome activation as a result of periodontitis-associated bacterial infection and discusses the mechanism of inflammasome activation in response to infection with ***.

关键词： CD11b inflam infection

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