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Microscopic characteristics of the inferior tarsal muscle and its surroundings in Korean

International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第2期6卷 126-130页

作者： Jung Min Park Mee Sook Roh Moo Hyun Kim Woo Jin Jeung Won Yeol Ryu Yoon Hyung Kwon Hee Bae Ahn Department of ophthalmology Maryknoll Hospital Department of Pathology College of Medicine Dong-A University Department of Cardiology College of Medicine Dong-A University Department of ophthalmology College of Medicine Dong-A University

AIM: To investigate the detailed microscopic anatomic structures of the lower eyelid in Korean cadavers. METHODS: Eight lower eyelids of 4 formalin-fixed Asian cadavers (4 males; age range, 48-69 years; mean age, 60.2 years) were examined. Three perpendicular dissected sections with a 2mm thickness were obtained from each eyelid to investigate anatomic shapes, size and relationship with surrounding structures. One section was obtained from the midline and 2 the other sections were obtained from a 3mm apart from the lateral and medial tarsus margins. RESULTS: The inferior tarsal muscle fibers were not directly attached to the tarsus but were only linked to the tarsus with enclosed fibrous fascia. The inferior tarsal muscles connected loosely with the capsulopalpebral fascia anteriorly and the conjunctiva posteriorly. The inferior tarsal muscle runs horizontally to the tarsus according to the shape of muscle fibers. The capsulopalpebral fascia consisted of an anterior and posterior layer. The anterior layer reached the orbital septum and subcutaneous fat but the posterior layer forwarded into the tarsus. Lockwood’s ligament was separated from the inferior tarsal muscle and capsulopalpebral fascia or fused into the capsulopalpebral ***: This study suggests that the inferior tarsal muscle which runs horizontally and doesn’t insert directly into the tarsus, plays an important role in the movement and localization of the lower eyelid.

关键词： capsulopalpebral fascia inferior tarsal muscle lower eyelid

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Effects of minocycline on apoptosis and neuronal changes in retinal ganglion cells from experimental optic neuritis rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第12期3卷 1348-1351页

作者： Jing Zhang Department of ophthalmology First Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China

BACKGROUND： Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, is neuroprotective in models of various neurological diseases. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of minocycline on retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） in rats with optic neuritis, and to compare with the effects of methylprednisolone. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This neuropathology controlled study was performed at the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, China in May 2007. MATERIALS： A total of 22 female Wistar rats were randomly assigned into a normal control group （n ： 5） and an experimental group （n = 17）. The experimental group was composed of a model subgroup （n = 7）, a minocycline subgroup （n = 5）, and a methylprednisolone subgroup （n = 5）. Minocycline was supplied by Sigma, USA. METHODS： Antigen homogenate made from guinea pig spinal cord and complete Freund adjuvant was used to induce autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which could induce demyelinated optic neuritis models. Rats in the minocycline subgroup were intraperitoneally injected with minocycline （45 mg/kg） daily from day 8 following autoimmunity. Rats in the methylprednisolone subgroup were intraperitoneally injected with methylprednisolone （20 mg/kg） daily from day 8 following autoimmunity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： On day 18 after autoimmunily induction, pathological changes in the optic nerve were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The percentage area of axons in the transverse section of the optic nerve was measured by Bielschowsky staining. Apoptosis of RGCs was detected by TUNEL. RESULTS： Under an optical microscope, the optic nerve in rats with demyelinated optic neuritis showed a vacuole-like structure of fibers, irregular swelling of the axons, and infiltration of a large quantity of inflammatory cells. With an electron microscope, the optic nerve presented with vacuole-like structures in the axons, a small percentage area of axons in the transverse section, loose myelin sheaths, and microtubules and microfilaments disappeared

关键词： optic neuritis retinal ganglion cells minocycline methylprednisolone

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New techniques to improve classical corneal collagen cross-linking treatment

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第8期127卷 1558-1565页

作者： Li Na Peng Xiujun Fan Zhengjun Xia Yu Wu Tengfei Department of ophthalmology Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Beijing 100048 China

Objective The aim of this review is to comprehensively and unbiasedly summarize the improvements in the techniques for classical corneal collagen cross-linking （CXL） by covering the reasons for this improvement, measure, and effect to approach the future direction of the CXL. Data sources All articles used in this review were mainly retrieved from the PubMed database. Study selection Original articles and reviews were selected if they were related to the improvement in the technique of classical CXL. Data were mainly extracted from 94 articles, which are listed in the reference section of this review. Results This innovative research involves every step such as instrument preparation, epithelial management, riboflavin instillation, and UVA irradiation. These clinical and experimental results seem promising. Conclusions CXL treatment is the only recent promising method for preventing the progress of keratoconus. The limitations and potential complications that accompany classical CXL such as corneal thickness limitations, ultraviolet-A （UVA） light injury, and the impact of de-epithelialization encourage people to research new improvements in techniques. While this research needs to be further investigated, we hope our review can help related researchers and patients.

关键词： cornea cross-linking keratoconus riboflavin UVA radiation

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Analysis of glistenings in hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses on visual performance

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第3期7卷 446-451页

作者： Lei Xi Yi Liu Feng Zhao Chuan Chen Bing Cheng State Key Laboratory of ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University

AIM:To assess patients’ visual performance with glistenings in one piece soft hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses(IOLs)(Alcon)2y ***:This cross section trial included 120 eyes with one piece IOL at 2y *** was classified in 4 groups,ranging from 0(none)to 3(most evident)according to their severity in IOLs optics observed under a slit *** eyes underwent a uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity evaluation(UCVA and BCVA,LogMAR scale),a complete clinical examination,a contrast sensitivity(CS)evaluation by F.A.C.T chart,and a visual field test by Humphrey Field AnalyzerⅡ(HFA).One-way ANOVA was used for quantitative data,while Pearsonχ2test was used for qualitative data to analyze the visual function of 4glistening ***:Totally 120 eyes were enrolled with 30 eyes in each glistening *** was no statistical correlation between glistening grades and patients’age,IOLs power,postoperative UCVA and BCVA(P>0.05).Quantificationally,CS values among each group were not statistically ***,qualitative analysis showed there were more eyes in grade 3 group than in grade 0 group having abnormally declined CS at high spatial frequency(10%vs 36.7%at 18 cpd,P=0.029;6.7%vs 26.7%at 12 cpd,P=0.013).Mean deviation(MD)of the visual field test was-2.14±2.31,-1.97±2.23,-3.02±3.17,-4.12±3.38 in group 0 to 3 *** was a significant decrease in the most serious glistenings group(P=0.018).CONCLUSION:Glistenings may potentially have an impact on contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequency and MD in visual field test.

关键词： cataract intraocular lens hydrophobic acrylic contrast sensitivity mean deviation

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Activation of the TRAAK two-pore domain potassium channels in rd1 mice protects photoreceptor cells from apoptosis

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第8期12卷 1243-1249页

作者： Lei Wang Kang-Pei Shi Han Li Hao Huang Wen-Bin Wu Chu-Sheng Cai Xiao-Tong Zhang Xiao-Bo Zhu State Key Laboratory of ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen University

AIM: To investigate the expression of TWIK-related arachidonic acid-stimulated K+ channel(TRAAK) in retinal degeneration mice(rd1) and further evaluate how TRAAK affect photoreceptor cell ***: The rd1 mice were distributed into blank(no treatment), control(1.4% DMSO, intraperitoneal injection) and riluzole groups(4 mg/kg·d, intraperitoneal injection) from postnatal 7 d to 10, 14 and 18 d;C57 group(no treatment), as age-matched wild-type control. The thickness of the outer nuclear layer(ONL) of retina was detected by paraffin section hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of TRAAK and the apoptosis of the ONL cells were detected by immunostaining, Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The channel agonist riluzole activated TRAAK and delayed the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in ONL layer of rd1 mice. Both at mRNA and protein levels, after riluzole treatment, TRAAK expression was significantly upregulated, when compared with the control and blank group. Then we detected a series of apoptosis related mRNA and protein. The anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 downregulated and the pro-apoptotic factors Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 upregulated significantly. CONCLUSION: Riluzole elevates the expression of TRAAK and inhibits the development of apoptosis. Activation of TRAAK may have some potential effects to put off photoreceptor apoptosis.

关键词： TRAAK riluzole photoreceptor cell apoptosis

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Microstructural brain abnormalities,affective temperaments,and suicidal behavior in patients with major depression

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2015年第1期2卷 200-214页

作者： Gianluca Serafini Mario Amore Zoltan Rihmer Department of Neuroscience RehabilitationOphthalmologyGeneticsMaternal and Child HealthSection of PsychiatryUniversity of Genoa16132 GenoaItaly Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary and National Institute of Psychiatry and AddictionsH-1085 BudapestHungary

According to magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)studies,brain white matter(WM)abnormalities have been suggested to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder(MDD)and related suicidal ***,MRI findings may be limited by low spatial resolution;therefore,an important contribution to the understanding of the role and significance of WM alterations derived by the development of the most recent magnetic resonance techniques,such as diffusion tensor imaging(DTI).Several DTI studies reported an association between altered WM integrity and MDD/suicidal *** WM abnormalities may be located in neural circuits critically implicated in emotional processes and mood regulation resulting in enhanced vulnerability to psychiatric *** abnormalities detected using DTI may contribute to functional deficits and help to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD as well as suicidal *** a clinical point of view,research also suggested that affective temperaments may play a relevant role in the psychopathological characteristics of mood disorders,clinical trajectory of episodes and polarity,long‑term outcome and ***,only few studies investigated the association between affective temperaments and WM abnormalities and discussed their possible implications in patients with MDD and suicidal *** a comprehensive search of Medline database,the aim of the present study was to critically review the current literature on the association between WM alterations as assessed by MRI and DTI techniques,affective temperaments,MDD and suicidal behavior.

关键词： Affective temperaments major depression microstructural white matter lesions neuroimaging techniques suicidal behavior

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Influence of High Level TGF-β1 on Scleral Thickness

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2007年第5期27卷 601-604页

作者：刘海霞项楠张虹 Department of ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology

In order to explore the role of TGF-β1 in scleral remodeling and the possible mechanism, the influence of high level TGF-β1 on scleral thickness and the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was investigated in a TGF-β1 transgenic mouse model. Alb/TGF-β1 （Cys^223225Ser） TGF-β1 transgenic mice were used as experimental subjects and non-transgenic littermates as controls. Plasma levels of TGF-β1 were determined by ELISA. TGF-β1, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels in sclera were detected by using Western blot. The thickness of posterior sclera was measured by computerized image analysis of a midsagittal section. Mean difference was analyzed with independent t-test. The results showed plasma levels of TGF-β1 in transgenic mice were 1.68 times as much as that in the controls （P〈0.01）. TGF-β1 levels in the sclera of transgenic mice were 2.68 times of the controls （P〈0.01 ）. Posterior scleral thickness in transgenic mice were significantly thicker than in the controls. There was no significant difference in the MMP-2 levels between transgenic mice and controls, but the TIMP-2 levels were increased significantly in transsgenic mice as compared with those in the controls. It was suggested that high levels of TGF-β1 in transgenic mice could result in the increased scleral thickness by inducing the expression of TIMP-2 to suppress the activity of MMP-2, finally inhibiting the degradation of collagen.

关键词： sclera TGF-β1 myopia

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Comparison of anterior section parameters using anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy in myopic patients after ICL implantation

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第1期9卷 58-62页

作者： Jing Zhang Hui-Hui Luo Jing Zhuang Ke-Ming Yu State Key Laboratory of ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University

AIM：To compare the agreement of anterior chamber depth（ACD）and central vault measurements obtained by anterior segment optical coherence tomography（AS-OCT）and ultrasound biomicroscopy（UBM）of post surgical high myopic eyes with posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens（Visian ICL;STAAR Surgical）implantation.·METHODS：Fifty-two phakic eyes of 28 high myopic patients who underwent implantable Collamer lens（ICL）surgery for the correction of high myopia were *** postoperative ACD,the distance between the corneal endothelium and the anterior surface of ICL（cornea-ICL）and the central vault were measured with the AS-OCT system and the UBM *** correlation coefficient（ICC）and the Bland-Altman plot were used to evaluate the repeatability and agreement of two devices.·R ESULTS：The mean ACD,cornea-ICL and central vault in the 52 phakic eyes after ICL surgery was 3.19±0.28 mm,2.47±0.28 mm,0.50±0.19 mm by AS-OCT and3.13±0.25 mm,2.49±0.25 mm,0.44±0.19 mm by UBM,*** comparison of ACD and central vault measurements showed significant differences between AS-OCT and UBM（〈0.05）.However,no statistically significant difference was found between these imaging techniques in cornea-ICL（〉0.05）.The Pearson correlation coefficient（）between AS-OCT and UBM measurements for ACD,cornea-ICL and vault was0.88,0.80 and 0.89,respectively（〈0.001）.The ICC was0.89-0.94 for the measurements of AS-OCT and ***-Altman analysis showed the 95%limits of agreement of ACD,cornea-ICL,central vault measurements between these two devices were-0.20 to 0.32 mm,-0.36to 0.32 mm and-0.12 to 0.24 mm,respectively.58·CONCLUSION：Central ACD and vault measurements using AS-OCT demonstrated a slight significantly higher value than using UBM in phakic eyes after ICL *** two devices should not be used interchangeably for measurements of central ACD and vault in patients after phakic intraocular lens implantation.

关键词： anterior chamber depth vault phakicintraocular lens anterior segment imaging optical coherencetomography ultrasound biomicroscopy

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Update on the diagnosis and treatment of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome

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Annals of Eye Science 2020年第3期5卷 5-10页

作者： Ghazala A.Datoo O’Keefe Department of ophthalmology Emory University School of MedicineSection of Vitreoretinal Surgery and DiseasesSection of Uveitis and VasculitisAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome(VKH)is a bilateral granulomatous panuveitis associated with serous retinal detachments and vitritis,and can be associated with extraocular manifestations of meningismus,poliosis,vitiligo,hearing loss,and *** is mediated by CD4+T cells that target melanocytes in the eye,ear,meninges,and *** classically presents in 4 different phases:prodromal,uveitic,convalescent,and *** have been considerable advances in our understanding of the disease in recent years,and options for treatment have also expanded beyond systemic corticosteroids though these remain the mainstay of therapy in patients with *** brief review will focus on updates in the diagnosis and treatment of VKH,specifically advances in imaging techniques including the use of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and enhanced depth imaging(EDI)optical coherence tomography(OCT).OCT parameters that are diagnostically predictive of acute VKH compared to other exudative maculopathies include the presence of subretinal membranous structures,a high retinal detachment,subretinal hyperreflective dots,and RPE *** of choroidal thickness using EDI-OCT demonstrate predominant involvement of the outer choroid in the acute inflammatory phase of VKH,consistent with histopathological *** may emerge as an alternative to fluorescein angiography(FA)and indocyanine angiography(ICGA)but is limited at this time due to its small field of *** the mainstay of treatment of acute VKH continues to be systemic corticosteroids,biological response modifiers(BRMs)such as adalimumab and infliximab have been shown to be effective in the management of adult and pediatric VKH with one benefit being a faster onset of action compared to conventional *** Search:A literature search was done in PubMed using the words“Vogt Koyanagi Harada”“imaging”“diagnosis”“treatment”“therapy“posterior uveitis”.

关键词： Vogt-Koyanagi Harada posterior uveitis imaging immunomodulatory therapy optical coherence tomography

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Combination of photodynamic therapy and stimulator of interferon genes(STING)agonist inhibits colorectal tumor growth and recurrence

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Cancer Communications 2023年第4期43卷 513-518页

作者： Yang Hao Sen Ma Zili Gu Alireza Haghparast Timo Schomann Zhenfeng Yu Yuanyuan He Xiaoxv Dong Luis J Cruz Peter ten Dijke Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging(TNI)Group Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterZA Leidenthe Netherlands Department of Laboratory Animals College of Animal SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina Department of ophthalmology Leiden University Medical Center(LUMC)ZA Leidenthe Netherlands Percuros B.V. CL Leidenthe Netherlands Immunology section Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of Mashhad.MashhadIran School of Chinese Material Medica Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingP.R.China Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterRC Leidenthe Netherlands

Dear Editor,Great progress has been made in the clinical use of photodynamic therapy(PDT)for the treatment of patients with superficial tumors[1].However,cancer recurrence and metastasis have limited the application of PDT in the treatment of solid tumors and advanced *** this context,combining PDT with other complementary immunotherapy regimens may overcome these limitations of PDT[2].

关键词： stimulator superficial clinical

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