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An overview on the chemistry, pharmacology and anticancer properties of tetrandrine and fangchinoline(alkaloids) from Stephania tetrandra roots

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第4期19卷 311-316页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong Hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia School of Foundation Studies Xiamen University MalaysiaSelangor 43900Malaysia secretariat of the international society for mangrove ecosystems(ISME) Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0129Japan

Tetrandrine(TET) and fangchinoline(FAN) are dominant bisbenzylisoquinoline(BBIQ) alkaloids from the roots of Stephania tetrandra of the family Menispermaceae. BBIQ alkaloids comprise two benzylisoquinoline units linked by oxygen bridges. The molecular structures of TET and FAN are exactly the same, except that TET has a methoxy(-OCH3) group, while FAN has a hydroxyl(-OH) group at C7. In this overview,the current knowledge on the chemistry, pharmacology and anticancer properties of TET and FAN have been updated. The focus is on colon and breast cancer cells, because they are most susceptible to TET and FAN, respectively. Against colon cancer cells, TET inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest, and suppresses adhesion, migration and invasion of *** breast cancer cells, FAN inhibits cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, G1-phase cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell migration. The processes involve various molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Some insights on the ability of TET and FAN to reverse multi-drug resistance in cancer cells and suggestions for future research are provided.

关键词： Tetrandrine Fangchinoline Alkaloids Pharmacology Anticancer Multi-drug resistance

Phenolic constituents from the root bark of Morus alba with emphasis on morusin and its anti-cancer properties

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019年第2期28卷 75-87页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong Tomomi Inoue Hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University School of Science Monash University Sunway Centre for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) secretariat of the international society for mangrove ecosystems Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus

The root bark of Morus alba L. or white mulberry is widely used as traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. Major classes and types of phenolic compounds isolated from the root bark are flavonoids(kuwanons, morusin, cyclomorusin and sanggenons), benzofurans(moracins and mulberrofurans), and stilbenoids(mulberrosides). Some of the flavonoids and benzofurans are products of Diel-Alder type adducts. Other classes of compounds include triterpenes, phenolic acids and coumarins. Morusin, a prenylated flavonoid, was first isolated from the root bark of M. alba, and later from the leaf, stem bark and twig of the plant. The potent anti-cancer properties of morusin have attracted much attention with research on-going and new findings being published. The compound inhibits angiogenesis, tumour progression and tumour migration, and triggers apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and autophagy in colorectal, cervical, prostate, breast, hepatoma, pancreatic, glioblastoma, gastric, ovarian and lung cancer cell lines. The anti-cancer activities of morusin are executed via various molecular targets and signalling pathways. It is anticipated that on-going in vitro studies will progress gradually to in vivo studies using animal models before efforts towards drug development can be initiated for clinical trials.

关键词： White mulberry Flavonoids Benzofurans Morusin Cytotoxic Apoptosis

Apocynaceae species with antiproliferative and/or antiplasmodial properties: a review of ten genera

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第4期14卷 269-284页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong Hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University School of Science Monash University Sunway international society for mangrove ecosystems c/o Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus

Apocynaceae is a large family of tropical trees, shrubs and vines with most species producing white latex. Major metabolites of species are triterpenoids, iridoids, alkaloids and cardenolides, which are known for a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimalarial properties. Prompted by their anticancer and antimalarial properties, the current knowledge on ten genera （Allamanda, Alstonia, Calotropis, Catharanthus, Cerbera, Dyera, Kopsia, Nerium, Plumeria and Vallaris） is updated. Major classes of metabolites are described using some species as examples. Species with antiproliferative （APF） and/ or antiplasmodial （APM） properties have been identified. With the exception of the genus Dyera, nine genera of 22 species possess APF activity. Seven genera （Alstonia, Calotropis, Catharanthus, Dyera, Kopsia, Plumeria and Vallaris） of 13 species have APM properties. Among these species, Alstonia angustiloba, Alstonia macrophylla, Calotropis gigantea, Calotropis procera, Catharanthus roseus, Plumeria alba and Vallaris glabra displayed both APF and APM properties. The chemical constituents of these seven species are compiled for assessment and further research.

关键词： Apocynaceae antiproliferative antiplasmodial herbal medicine review

An Overview of Chemical Constituents, Medicinal Properties, Clinical Trials, and Patents of Twigs of Morus alba(Ramulus Mori)

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 149-158页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Hung Tuck Chan Siu Kuin Wong Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI UniversityCherasKuala LumpurMalaysia secretariat of international society for mangrove ecosystems Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan School of Foundation Studies Xiamen University MalaysiaSepangSelangorMalaysia

The rich chemical constituents and diverse pharmacological properties of Ramulus Mori(RM) or the twig of Morus alba with evidence supported by clinical trials and patents are reviewed. Known as Sangzhi in Chinese, RM is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat gout, arthritis, and rheumatism. Chemical constituents include flavonoids, benzofurans, alkaloids, stilbenes, chalcones, phenolic acids, and coumarins. Bioactivities of RM include antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antityrosinase, neuroprotective, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cytoprotective, renoprotective, antihyperuricemic, analgesic, antifungal, DNA protective, anticancer, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-hair aging, anti-arthritic, and antiplatelet aggregation properties. The most active compounds from RM are mulberrin, oxyresveratrol, and mulberroside A. All four clinical trials on RM are focused on the treatment of diabetes. The patents entail using RM extracts as cosmetics for skin whitening and as agents for hypoglycemia. Topics for further research on RM are suggested.

关键词： Clinical trials mulberrin mulberroside A oxyresveratrol patents Sangzhi

A synopsis on flavonoids from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with some insights on baicalein and its anti-cancer properties

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019年第4期28卷 217-228页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong Joseph Tangah Tomomi Inoue Hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University School of Science Monash University Sunway Forest Research Centre Sabah Forestry Department Centre for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES) secretariat of the international society for mangrove ecosystems Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus

Flavones are the most dominant type of flavonoids isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis(Radix Scutellariae), which is a traditional medicinal plant in East Asian countries, including China, Japan and *** of the flavones are derivatives with methoxyl and hydroxyl groups, and they include baicalein, baicalin, chrysin, norwogonin, oroxylin A and *** possesses anti-cancer activities against a wide spectrum of human cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and by inhibiting angiogenesis, metastasis and *** examples of the effects of baicalein on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and metastasis are presented with discussion on the molecular targets and *** on the structure-activity relationships of flavonoid cytotoxicity towards human cancer cells show that the potent cytotoxic activities of baicalein can be attributed to its-OH groupsat C5, C6 and C7(triple hydroxylation) of ring A, carbonyl group at C4 of ring C, and C2–C3 double bond of ring *** on structural modifications of baicalein have shown that the configurations at C6 of ring A are critical factors influencing its anti-proliferative *** the remarkable anti-cancer properties, the future prospects for developing baicalein into an anti-cancer drug are promising.

关键词： Radix Scutellariae Baicalein Flavones Structure-activity relationships

Nobiletin and tangeretin(citrus polymethoxyflavones): an overview on their chemistry, pharmacology and cytotoxic activities against breast cancer

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020年第7期29卷 443-454页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Oi Yoon Michelle Soo Yong Hui Tan Siu Kuin Wong Hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University56000 CherasKuala LumpurMalaysia School of Foundation Studies Xiamen University MalaysiaBandar Sunsuria43900 SepangSelangorMalaysia secretariat of the international society for mangrove ecosystems(ISME) Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0129Japan

The fruit peel of Citrus species(Chenpi),particularly those of mandarin oranges,is a useful source of food and medicine in *** from the citrus fruit peel are mainly polymethoxyflavones(PMFs),of which nobiletin and tangeretin are the most abundant *** the present review,we summarized the cytotoxic activities of these two PMFs to breast cancer *** have reported that these two compounds inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis,cytostatic cell death and cell cycle arrest,or by inhibiting cell proliferation,metastasis and tumour angiogenesis,depending on the molecular subtypes of breast *** vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities involve different molecular targets and signalling *** on the structure-activity relationship(SAR)of nobiletin and tangeretin have shown that the presence of a methoxy group at C8 and a hydroxyl group at C3 or C5 are essential for anti-proliferative *** future perspectives and research needs are *** of information are from Pub Med,Pub Med Central,Science Direct,Google Scholar,J-Stage,Pub Chem and CNKI using keyword search.

关键词： Polymethoxylated flavones Nobiletin Tangeretin Breast cancer cells Structure-activity relationship

Cerbera are coastal trees with promising anticancer properties but lethal toxicity： A short review

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第3期25卷 161-169页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong Hung Tuck Chan Shigeyuki Baba Mio Kezuka Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University 56000 Cheras Kuala Lumpur Malaysia School of Science Monash University Sunway 46150 Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia secretariat International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems c/o Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus Okinawa903-0129 Japan

In this short review, the current knowledge on the chemical constituents and anticancer properties of Cerbera odollam and Cerbera manghas is updated with some description of their botany and uses. Although these two closely-related coastal tree species have overlapping geographical distribution, they can be distinguished by the eye colour of flowers and the shape of fruits. Chemical constituents of C. odollam and C. manghas include lignans, iridoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides(cardenolides), flavonoids, phenolic acids and steroids. Cardiac glycosides of cerberin, dehydrocerberin, neriifolin, tanghinin, deacetyltanghinin and tanghinigenin possess promising anticancer properties with apoptotic activities. However, these cardiac glycosides are also cardiotoxic. Fatal cases of suicides by ingesting Cerbera fruits or seeds have been reported in India and Sri Lanka. In two suicide cases, one in Taiwan and another in the United States, the patients recovered completely. In New Caledonia, four death-threatening cases of poisoning(two were fatal) occurred through consuming toxic coconut crabs. Taken together, both C. odollam and C. manghas are endowed with cardiac glycosides, which have useful pharmacological properties but lethal toxicity.

关键词： Sea mango Phytochemistry Pharmacology Cytotoxic Apoptosis Suicides

Matrine, oxymatrine, and compound Kushen injection from the roots of Sophora flavescens: an overview of their anticancer activities

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022年第5期31卷 321-333页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong Hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University56000 CherasKuala LumpurMalaysia School of Foundation Studies Xiamen University MalaysiaBandar Sunsuria43900 SepangSelangorMalaysia secretariat of international society for mangrove ecosystems(ISME) Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0129Japan

In the present review,we updated current information on the chemistry,contents,and anticancer properties of matrine(MT),oxymatrine(OMT),and compound Kushen injection(CKI).The anticancer properties were focused on lung,breast,and liver cancer cells because they are most *** of information were from Google,Google Scholar,PubMed,PubMed Central,Science Direct,PubChem,J-Stage,Directory of Open Access Journals(DOAJ),and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).Reference was also made on botanical websites,such as Flora of China and World Flora *** and OMT are dominant quinolizidine alkaloids from the roots of Sophora flavescens(Kushen)of the family *** lung,breast,and liver cancer cells,MT and OMT inhibit cell proliferation;induce cell cycle arrest,apoptosis,and autophagy;restrict angiogenesis;and inhibit cell metastasis,invasion,and *** processes involve various molecular targets and signaling *** is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)composed of root extracts of *** and Smilax glabra(Baituling)of the family *** MT and OMT as major components,CKI has been approved for the treatment of cancer in China more than 20 years *** recent years,systematic reviews and meta-analysis have been undertaken to evaluate the anticancer effects of *** CKI is used alone and in combination with chemotherapy of western medicine,there is much to be learned concerning their interactions besides their individual and integrated *** perspectives of MT,OMT,and CKI are discussed,and their suggestions for future research are provided.

关键词： injection invasion roots

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Alpinia zerumbet, a ginger plant with a multitude of medicinal properties： An update on its research findings

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第11期26卷 775-788页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong Hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University Cheras 56000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia School of Science Monash University Sunway Petaling Jaya 46150 Selangor Malaysia secretariat International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems c/o Faculty of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus 903-0129 Okinawa Japan

In this review, the botany and uses of Alpinia zerumbet(yan shan jiang) are described, and the current knowledge of its phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and clinical trials is summarized. An important ginger crop in East Asia, A. zerumbet has many uses, both medicinal and non-medicinal. Leaves are used to produce essential oils and herbal teas. Rhizomes are consumed as spices, and stem fibers are made into paper, fabrics, and handicrafts. In Brazil, tea from A. zerumbet leaves is believed to have hypotensive, diuretic, and anti-ulcerogenic properties. This species possesses many medicinal properties due to its chemical constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, kava pyrones, sterols, and terpenoids. Extracts of A. zerumbet display antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, anthelmintic, tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitory, anti-atherogenic, anti-aging, anti-glycation, integrase and neuraminidase inhibitory, lifespan prolongation, hair growth promotion, anticancer, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-obesity, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-platelet, osteoblastic, osteogenic, thrombolytic, and cardiac arrhythmogenic activities. Essential oils of A. zerumbet leaves have antimicrobial, larvicidal, antinociceptive, hypotensive, vasorelaxant, myorelaxant, antispasmodic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-neuraminidase, anti-atherogenic, anti-aging, anti-melanogenic, anti-tyrosinase, cytoprotective, cardiodepressive, antipsychotic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and tissue healing activities. Clinical trials conducted in Brazil showed that extracts of A. zerumbet have hypotensive and diuretic effects whereas topical application of the essential oil has positive therapeutic effects on patients with fibromyalgia. Spanning two continents of Asia and South America, A. zerumbet is truly a multi-purpose ginger plant with promising medicinal properties.

关键词： Alpinia zerumbet Shell ginger Phytochemistry Pharmacology Clinical trials