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Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Shedding light on an unresolved challenge

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第14期12卷 2463-2465页

作者： Cristian Lindner Department of Radiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ConcepciónConcepción 4030000Chile

Diagnosing early-stage pancreatic cancer(PC)remains a clinical challenge.Hence,studying novel imaging aspects that could enhance the diagnostic accuracy of malignant pancreatic precursor lesions is imperative.This article aims to un-derscore the promising role of emerging imaging aspects that may facilitate the earlier diagnosis of PC,thereby improving its management and prognosis.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm Pancreatic ducts Cancer Early diagnosis

Distributed phase-matching measurement for dynamic strain and temperature sensing based on stimulated Brillouin scattering enhanced four-wave mixing

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 141-153页

作者： YUAn WAnG PEDRO TOVAR JUnTOnG YAnG LIAnG CHEn XIAOYI BAO nexus for Quantum Technologies University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada

A Brillouin dynamic grating(BDG) can be used for distributed birefringence measurement in optical fibers,offering high sensitivity and spatial resolution for sensing applications.However,it is quite a challenge to simultaneously achieve dynamic measurements with both high accuracy and high spatial resolution.In this work,we propose a sensing mechanism to achieve distributed phase-matching measurement using a chirped pulse as a probe signal.In BDG reflection,the peak reflection corresponds to the highest four-wave mixing(FWM) conversion efficiency,and it requires the Brillouin frequency in the fast and slow axes to be equal,which is called the phase-matching condition.This condition changes at different fiber positions,which requires a range of frequency injection for the probe wave.The proposed method uses a chirped pulse as a probe wave to cover this frequency range associated with distributed birefringence inhomogeneity.This allows us to detect distributed phase matching for birefringence changes that are introduced by temperature and strain variations.Thanks to the single shot and direct time delay measurement capability,the acquisition rate in our system is only limited by the fiber length.notably,unlike conventional BDG spectrum recovery-based systems,the spatial resolution here is determined by both the frequency chirping rate of the probe pulse and the birefringence profile of the fiber.In the experiments,an acquisition rate of 1 k Hz(up to fiber length limits) and a spatial resolution of 10 cm using a 20 ns probe pulse width are achieved.The minimum detectable temperature and strain variation are 5.6 mK and 0.37 με along a 2 km long polarization-maintaining fiber(PMF).

关键词： fiber scattering polarization

Imaging features of malignant vs stone-induced biliary obstruction:Aspects to consider

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第15期12卷 2678-2681页

作者： Cristian Lindner Department of Radiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ConcepciónConcepción 4030000Chile

Radiological studies play a crucial role in the evaluation of patients with biliary duct obstruction,allowing for the guidance of clinical diagnosis towards a malignant or stone-induced etiology through the recognition of relevant imaging features,which must be continuously revisited given their prognostic significance.This article aims to emphasize the importance of recognizing crucial imaging aspects of malignant and stone-induced biliary obstruction.

关键词： Malignant biliary obstruction Choledocholithiasis Dilated bile ducts Magnetic resonance Multidetector computed tomography

Online Demand Response Characterization Based on Variability in Customer Behavior

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 936-946页

作者： Lester Marrero Daniel Sbárbaro Luis García-Santander the Department of Electrical Engineering University of Concepción IEEE

This paper proposes an online framework to characterize demand response(DR) over time. The proposed framework facilitates obtaining and updating the daily consumption patterns of customers. The essential concept of response profile class(RPC) is introduced for characterization and complemented by the measure of the variability in customer behavior. This paper uses a modified version of the incremental clustering by fast search and find of density peaks(CFSFDP) algorithm for daily profiles, considering the multivariate normal kernel density estimator and incremental forms of the Davies-Bouldin(i DB) and Xie-Beni(i XB) validity indices. Case studies conducted using real-world and simulated daily profiles of residential and commercial Chilean end-users have demonstrated how the proposed framework can continuously characterize DR. The proposed framework is proven to achieve realistic customer models for effective energy management by estimating the customer response to price signals at the distribution system operator(DSO) level.

关键词： Clustering algorithms Behavioral sciences Streams Pricing Feature extraction Monitoring Kernel

Predicting intensive care unit-acquired weakness:A multilayer perceptron neural network approach

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第12期12卷 2023-2030页

作者： Carlos Martin Ardila Daniel González-Arroyave Mateo Zuluaga-Gómez Department of Basic Sciences University of AntioquiaMedellín 52-59Colombia Department of Surgery Pontificia Universidad BolivarianaMedellín 0057Colombia Department of Emergency Universidad Pontificia BolivarianaMedellín 0057Colombia

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Wang and Long,published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The article addresses the challenge of predicting intensive care unit-acquired weakness(ICUAW),a neuromuscular disorder affecting critically ill patients,by employing a novel processing strategy based on repeated machine learning.The editorial presents a dataset comprising clinical,demographic,and laboratory variables from intensive care unit(ICU)patients and employs a multilayer perceptron neural network model to predict ICUAW.The authors also performed a feature importance analysis to identify the most relevant risk factors for ICUAW.This editorial contributes to the growing body of literature on predictive modeling in critical care,offering insights into the potential of machine learning approaches to improve patient outcomes and guide clinical decision-making in the ICU setting.

关键词： Intensive care units Intensive care unit-acquired weakness Risk factors Machine learning Computer neural network

Experimental measurement and numerical modeling of deformation behavior of breast cancer cells passing through constricted microfluidic channels

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Microsystems & nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 129-147页

作者： Pouyan Keshavarz Motamed Hesam Abouali Mahla Poudineh nima Maftoon Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

During the multistep process of metastasis,cancer cells encounter various mechanical forces which make them deform drastically.Developing accurate in-silico models,capable of simulating the interactions between the mechanical forces and highly deformable cancer cells,can pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic and predictive methods for metastatic progression.Spring-network models of cancer cell,empowered by our recently proposed identification approach,promises a versatile numerical tool for developing experimentally validated models that can simulate complex interactions at cellular scale.Using this numerical tool,we presented spring-network models of breast cancer cells that can accurately replicate the experimental data of deformation behavior of the cells flowing in a fluidic domain and passing narrow constrictions comparable to microcapillary.First,using high-speed imaging,we experimentally studied the deformability of breast cancer cell lines with varying metastatic potential(MCF-7(less invasive),SKBR-3(medium-high invasive),and MDA-MB-231(highly invasive)in terms of their entry time to a constricted microfluidic channel.We observed that MDA-MB-231,that has the highest metastatic potential,is the most deformable cell among the three.Then,by focusing on this cell line,experimental measurements were expanded to two more constricted microchannel dimensions.The experimental deformability data in three constricted microchannel sizes for various cell sizes,enabled accurate identification of the unknown parameters of the spring-network model of the breast cancer cell line(MDA-MB-231).Our results show that the identifed parameters depend on the cell size,suggesting the need for a systematic procedure for identifying the size-dependent parameters of spring-network models of cells.As the numerical results show,the presented cell models can simulate the entry process of the cell into constricted channels with very good agreements with the measured experimental data.

关键词： strict passing numerical

Hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors:Benign,malignant,and uncertain malignant potential

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2374-2378页

作者： Marcelo Fabián Amante División Patología Hospital General de Agudos Cosme ArgerichBuenos Aires C1155AHAArgentina División Patología Hospital Alemán de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires C1155AHAArgentina

In 2013,the World Health Organization defined perivascular epithelioid cell tumor(PEComa)as“a mesenchymal tumor which shows a local association with vessel walls and usually expresses melanocyte and smooth muscle markers.”This generic definition seems to better fit the PEComa family,which includes angiomyolipoma,clear cell sugar tumor of the lung,lymphangioleiomyomatosis,and a group of histologically and immunophenotypically similar tumors that include primary extrapulmonary sugar tumor and clear cell myomelanocytic tumor.Clear cell tumors with this immunophenotypic pattern have also had their malignant variants described.When localizing to the liver,preoperative radiological diagnosis has proven to be very difficult,and most patients have been diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma,focal nodular hyperplasia,hemangioma,or hepatic adenoma based on imaging findings.Examples of a malignant variant of the liver have been described.Finally,reports of malignant variants of these lesions have increased in recent years.Therefore,we support the use of the Folpe criteria,which in 2005 established the criteria for categorizing a PEComa as benign,malignant,or of uncertain malignant potential.Although they are not considered ideal,they currently seem to be the best approach and could be used for the categorization of liver tumors.

关键词： PEComas Liver Pathology Malignant Benign Uncertain malignant potential

Pathological and therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 55-61页

作者： Paula lzquierdo-Altarejos Victoria Moreno-Manzano Vicente Felipo Laboratory of neurobiology Centro Investigación Príncipe FelipeValenciaSpain neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory Centro Investigación Príncipe FelipeValenciaSpain

Extracellular vesicles are released by all cell types and contain proteins,microRnAs,mRnAs,and other bioactive molecules.Extracellular vesicles play an important role in intercellular communication and in the modulation of the immune system and neuroinflammation.The cargo of extra cellular vesicles(e.g.,proteins and microRnAs)is altered in pathological situations.Extracellular vesicles contribute to the pathogenesis of many pathologies associated with sustained inflammation and neuroinflammation,including cance r,diabetes,hype rammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy,and other neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.Extracellular vesicles may cross the blood-brain barrier and transfer pathological signals from the periphery to the brain.This contributes to inducing neuroinflammation and cognitive and motor impairment in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy and in neurodegenerative diseases.The mechanisms involved are beginning to be unde rstood.For example,increased tumor necrosis factor a in extracellular vesicles from plasma of hype rammonemic rats induces neuroinflammation and motor impairment when injected into normal rats.Identifying the mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases will help to develop new treatments and diagnostic tools for their easy and early detection.In contrast,extra cellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic utility in many of the above pathologies,by reducing inflammation and neuroinflammation and improving cognitive and motor function.These extra cellular vesicles recapitulate the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells and have advantages as therapeutic tools:they are less immunoge nic,may not diffe rentiate to malignant cells,cross the blood-brain barrier,and may reach more easily target organs.Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells have beneficial effects in models of ischemic brain injury,Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases,hyperammonemia,and hepatic encephalopathy.Extracellular vesicles f

关键词： extracellular vesicles inflammation cognitive function mesenchymal stem cells neurodegenerative diseases neuroinflammation therapy transforming growth factor-β

Commentary on"Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running"

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 125-126页

作者： Michael Baggaley Arash Khassetarash Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4Z6Canada

It is a pleasure to write a commentary on the work of Dr.Hannah Rice and colleagues,l who have advanced our understanding of how the mechanical loading environment of the tibia changes as a function of running grade and speed.It is important that we understand how the tibia is loaded during conditions that an individual is likely to encounter when running as it is these internal loads which we believe are responsible for the development of bone-stress injuries.

关键词： loading injuries likely