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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 718-730页

作者： Ismael Matino Valentina CoHa Teresa A.Branca scuola superiore sant' anna TeCIP Institute-ICT-COISP56124 PisaItaly

For improving wastewater quality, one of the dare of steelworks is reducing cyanide in wastewater of gas washing treatment of blast furnaces. Costs of existing treatments, stringent environmental regulations and changeable composition of water from gas treatment, have led to study how available treatments can be modified and to examine new ones. Ozonation is one of cyanide treatments, tested within a European project. A process model was set up with Aspen Plus®, to assess operating conditions and wastewater distinctive characteristics and to demonstrate treatment robustness. Process was modeled by theoretical reactors, taking into account all more affecting reactions. A genetic algorithm was exploited to find kinetic parameters of these reactions. After validation, the model was used to analyse scenarios, by considering also real contexts. Pilot tests were extended, process knowledge was enhanced and suggestions were obtained. To promote cyanide removal with ozone, temperature and pH values were 30°C and 10, respectively. With an ozone (mg/h)/ water (L/h) ratio of 100 mg/L, batch mode ensure reaching cyanide regulation limit (0.2 mg/L) after maximum 4.5 h, if initial amount was less than 20 mg/L. Higher removal was obtained than in continuous mode due to constraints related to this last run. Higher wastewater contamination needed further time and more ozone.

关键词： blast furnace cyanide removal gas washing water modeling and simulation ozonation

New Role for an Old Rule: N-end Rule-Mediated Degradation of Ethylene Responsive Factor Proteins Governs Low Oxygen Response in Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第1期55卷 31-39页

作者： Francesco Licausi Chiara Pucciariello Pierdomenico Perata Plant Lab Institute of Life Sciences Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna

The N-end rule pathway regulates protein degradation, which depends on exposed N-terminal sequences in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In plants, conserved and specific enzymes stimulate selective proteolysis. Although a number of developmental and growth phenotypes have been reported for mutants in the N-end rule, its function has remained unrelated to specific physiological pathways. The first report of the direct involvement of the N-end rule in stress responses focused on hypoxic signaling and how the oxygen-dependent oxidation of cystein promotes the N-end rule-mediated degradation of ethylene responsive factor （ERF）-VII proteins, the master regulators of anaerobic responses. It has been suggested that plants have evolved specific mechanisms to tune ERF-VII availability in the nucleus. In this review, we speculate that ERF-VII proteins are reversibly protected from degradation via membrane sequestration. The oxidative response in plants subjected to anoxic conditions suggests that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species （reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species） may interact or interfere with the N-end rule pathway-mediated response to hypoxia.

关键词： Ethylene response factor flooding hypoxia N-end rule pathway ubiquitin.

Robust and low-cost interrogation technique for integrated photonic biochemical sensors based on Mach–Zehnder interferometers

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Photonics Research 2016年第2期4卷 57-60页

作者： V.Toccafondo C.J.Oton Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni scuola superiore sant'anna

We describe and experimentally demonstrate a measuring technique for Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)based integrated photonic biochemical sensors. Our technique is based on the direct measurement of phase changes between the arms of the MZI, achieved by signal modulation on one of the arms of the interferometer together with pseudoheterodyne detection, and it allows us to avoid the use of costly equipment such as tunable light sources or spectrum analyzers. The obtained output signal is intrinsically independent of wavelength, power variations, and global thermal variations, making it extremely robust and adequate for use in real conditions. Using a silicon-on-insulator MZI, we demonstrate the real-time monitoring of refractive index variations and achieve a detection limit of 4.1 × 10^(-6)refractive index units(RIU).

关键词： Robust and low-cost interrogation technique for integrated photonic biochemical sensors based on Mach Zehnder interferometers

Alternative Splicing in the Anthocyanin Fruit Gene Encoding an R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor Affects Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tomato Fruits

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Plant Communications 2020年第1期1卷 201-212页

作者： Sara Colanero Andrea Tagliani Pierdomenico Perata Silvia Gonzali PlantLab Institute of Life SciencesScuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisaItaly

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)fruits are typically red at ripening,with high levels of carotenoids and a low content in *** work has been done to enrich the spectrum of their healthbeneficial phytochemicals,and interspecific crosses with wild species have successfully led to purple anthocyanin-colored *** Aft(Anthocyanin fruit)tomato accession inherited from Solanum chilense the ability to accumulate anthocyanins in fruit peel through the introgression of loci controlling anthocyanin pigmentation,including four R2R3 MYB transcription factor-encoding ***,we carried out a comparative functional analysis of these transcription factors in wild-type and Aft plants,and tested their ability to take part in the transcriptional complexes that regulate the biosynthetic pathway and their effi-ciency in inducing anthocyanin *** differences emerged for SlAN2like,both in the expression level and protein functionality,with splicing mutations determining a complete loss of function of the wild-type *** transcription factor thus appears to play a key role in the anthocyanin fruit *** data provide new clues to the long-awaited genetic basis of the Aft phenotype and contribute to understand why domesticated tomato fruits display a homogeneous red coloration without the typical purple streaks observed in wild tomato species.

关键词： Solanum lycopersicum tomato Aft anthocyanin R2R3 MYB transcription factors MBW complex

Mechanics of tubular helical assemblies:ensemble response to axial compression and extension

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2021年第2期37卷 173-186页

作者： Jacopo Quaglierini Alessandro Lucantonio Antonio DeSimone Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI The BioRobotics InstituteScuola Superiore Sant'Anna56127 PisaItaly SISSA-scuola Intemazionale superiore di Studi Avanzati 34136 TriesteItaly

Nature and technology often adopt structures that can be described as tubular helical ***,the role and mechanisms of these structures remain *** this paper,we study the mechanical response under compression and extension of a tubular assembly composed of 8 helical Kirchholf rods,arranged in pairs with opposite chirality and connected by pin joints,both analytically and *** first focus on compression and find that,whereas a single helical rod would buckle,the rods of the assembly deform coherently as stable helical shapes wound around a common ***,we investigate the response of the assembly under different boundary conditions,highlighting the emergence of a central region where rods remain circular ***,we study the effects of different hypotheses on the elastic properties of rods,i.e.,stress-free rods when straight versus when circular helices,Kirchhoff’s rod model versus Sadowsky’s ribbon *** up,our findings highlight the key role of mutual interactions in generating a stable ensemble response that preserves the helical shape of the individual rods,as well as some interesting features,and they shed some light on the reasons why helical shapes in tubular assemblies are so common and persistent in nature and technology.

关键词： Computational mechanics Helical assemblies Kirchhoff rod Sadowsky ribbon Ensemble response

Recent achievements on underwater optical wireless communication [Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2019年第10期17卷 50-56页

作者： Giulio Cossu scuola superiore sant’anna TeCIP Institute

The growing number of underwater activities is giving momentum to the development of new technologies, such as buoys, remotely operated vehicles, and autonomous underwater vehicles. The data collected by these vehicles need to be transmitted to a high-speed central unit. Clearly, wired solutions are not suitable, since they strongly impact the mobility. In this scenario, a promising solution is offered by underwater optical wireless communication(UOWC) technology, which can achieve both high-speed and wireless operation. Here, we provide a comprehensive survey on the challenges, the experimental realizations, and the state of the art in UOWC researches.

关键词： communication optical wireless

Embeddings of Spherical Homogeneous Spaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2018年第3期34卷 299-340页

作者： Jacopo GANDINI scuola Normale superiore

We review in these notes the theory of equivariant embeddings of spherical homogeneous spaces. Given a spherical homogeneous space G/H, the normal equivariant embeddings of G/H are classified by combinatorial objects called colored fans, which generalize the fans appearing in the classification of toric varieties and which encode several geometric properties of the corresponding variety.

关键词： Spherical varieties homogeneous spaces

Localizing the International Human Right to Education in China: A Spatial Inquiry into the Usefulness of Human Rights in Cyberspace

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The Journal of Human Rights 2016年第4期15卷 340-354页

作者：蒋世松 scuola superiore sant’anna University of Antwerp

Debates concerning the relationship between human rights and cyberspace(specifically, the internet)) have recently become fashionable in various disciplines but most of the analysis has paid scant attention to the spatial attribute of cyberspace. In this paper, I outline a framework for a spatial inquiry into the usefulness of human rights in cyberspace, relying heavily on the emerging ‘spatial turn’ in law as well as the continual intellectual redirection toward a locally-focused approach to human rights. To answer the question of whether cyberspace is useful for improving the effectiveness of international human rights law everywhere, I begin by clarifying the significance of the spatiality of human rights from a geographic perspective, and then provide an analysis of the relationship between human rights and cyberspace. Human rights, I argue, are inherently geographic, and are spatially embodied in cyberspace. Accordingly, I try to explore the local relevance of cyberspace in contributing to the investigation of the effectiveness of international human rights law at local sites by an empirical endeavor to emphasize the right to education in China.

关键词： right to education geography of law localizing human rights China

Extending OpenStack Monasca for Predictive Elasticity Control

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 315-339页

作者： Giacomo Lanciano Filippo Galli Tommaso Cucinotta Davide Bacciu Andrea Passarella scuola Normale superiore Pisa 56126Italy the Real-Time Systems Laboratory(RETIS) TelecommunicationsComputer Engineeringand Photonics Institute(TeCIP)Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa 56127Italy Department of Computer Science University of PisaPisa 56127Italy National Research Council Pisa56127Italy

Traditional auto-scaling approaches are conceived as reactive automations,typically triggered when predefined thresholds are breached by resource consumption *** such rules at scale is cumbersome,especially when resources require non-negligible time to be *** paper introduces an architecture for predictive cloud operations,which enables orchestrators to apply time-series forecasting techniques to estimate the evolution of relevant metrics and take decisions based on the predicted state of the *** this way,they can anticipate load peaks and trigger appropriate scaling actions in advance,such that new resources are available when *** proposed architecture is implemented in OpenStack,extending the monitoring capabilities of Monasca by injecting short-term forecasts of standard *** use our architecture to implement predictive scaling policies leveraging on linear regression,autoregressive integrated moving average,feed-forward,and recurrent neural networks(RNN).Then,we evaluate their performance on a synthetic workload,comparing them to those of a traditional *** assess the ability of the different models to generalize to unseen patterns,we also evaluate them on traces from a real content delivery network(CDN)*** particular,the RNN model exhibites the best overall performance in terms of prediction error,observed client-side response latency,and forecasting *** implementation of our architecture is open-source.

关键词： OpenStack monitoring elasticity control auto-scaling predictive operations Monasca

Deference or Proportionality: Two Concepts of Margin of Appreciation in the Strasbourg Court and Their Influences

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The Journal of Human Rights 2015年第3期14卷 255-285页

作者：范继增 the sant’anna Advanced School in Pisa (scuola superiore di sant’anna)

The margin of appreciation is controversial and difficult to understand. Since its first reference in the case of Greece vs. UK, the meaning of this doctrine has evolved from deference to derogation from the European Convention to an inflation of language used or misused by the Strasbourg Court to preserve the State's 'room for manoeuvre' or 'latitude of deference or error.' In this paper, I divide the concept of margin of appreciation into two categories: the substantive and structural concept. The Strasbourg Court usually generously defers to national decisions in structural scrutiny where it has to respect European pluralism and the collective interests of the contracting parties unless domestic decisions are regarded as 'manifestly unreasonable.' In contrast, the European Human Rights Court scrutinizes carefully in the substantive sense of margin of appreciation. Some factors or test approaches will be identified first, by which the Court substantively narrows or limits the scope of margin preserved for the States. The result of two conceptual margins of appreciation may be reciprocally transformed in some circumstances. When the collective good surely undermines the core of Convention rights, the Court will not stand with the domestic argument since it must ensure the implementation of pan-European human rights standards. On the other side, the Court has no capacity to further increase strict scrutiny in cases where there is a complicated relationship between the means and ends in the proportionality test, implying that domestic courts are better placed than the supranational court given the fact that they know better the local reality and have more local knowledge.

关键词： margin of appreciation deference proportionality essence of rights living instrument