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Enhancing hourly heat demand prediction through artificial neural networks:A national level case study

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 288-299页

作者： Meng Zhang Michael-Allan Millar Si Chen Yaxing Ren Zhibin Yu James Yu James Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgowG128QQUK University of Lincoln Brayford PoolLincolnLN67TSUK scottish power GlasgowG28DQUK

Meeting the goal of zero emissions in the energy sector by 2050 requires accurate prediction of energy consumption,which is increasingly ***,conventional bottom-up model-based heat demand forecasting methods are not suitable for large-scale,high-resolution,and fast forecasting due to their complexity and the difficulty in obtaining model *** paper presents an artificial neural network(ANN)model to predict hourly heat demand on a national level,which replaces the traditional bottom-up model based on extensive building simulations and *** ANN model significantly reduces prediction time and complexity by reducing the number of model input types through feature selection,making the model more realistic by removing non-essential *** improved model can be trained using fewer meteorological data types and insufficient data,while accurately forecasting the hourly heat demand throughout the year within an acceptable error *** model provides a framework to obtain accurate heat demand predictions for large-scale areas,which can be used as a reference for stakeholders,especially policymakers,to make informed decisions.

关键词： Heating demand in buildings National level forecast Feature selection Machine learning Artificial neural network

Towards a standardisation for digital inputs and outputs of protection functions in IEC 60255 series

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Protection and Control of Modern power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 382-392页

作者： Volker Leitloff Hao Chen Dehui Chen Andrea Bonetti Lei Xu Ahmed Mohamed Carl Byman French Transmission Network Operator Rte ParisFrance State Grid Jiangsu Electric power Co. Ltd.NanjingChina State Grid Electric power Institute NanjingChina Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSweden NR Elec-tric Co. Ltd.NanjingChina scottish and Southern Energy Network(SSEN) GlasgowUK Hitachi Energy VästeråsSweden.

Fully digitalized substations using IEC 61850 process bus are being introduced all over the *** utilities have featured pilot projects,demonstrators or even industrial scale deployment of these Fully Digital Protection,Auto-mation and Control Systems(FD-PACS).Product standards such as profiles for Instrument Transformers have been developed and published(IEC 61869-6 and IEC 61869-9 by TC 38-Instrument Transformers).This raises the question about the standards for digitally interfaced protection *** 2016,IEC TC 95(Measuring relays and protection equipment)charged a working group to investigate this subject and to elaborate recommendations concerning requirements and testing of protection IED with digital inputs and outputs for protection standards(IEC 60255-1xx series).For protection functions,publisher/subscriber based data streams are supposed to comply with IEC 61850 and IEC 61869 *** holds in particular for Sampled Values(SV)representing energising inputs of the protection function,and is also applicable to Generic Object Oriented Substation Event(GOOSE)which can be used for input or output of protection *** attributes of published data depend on the operational and connection status of the function and the hosting *** addition,protection functions have to take into account the information regarding the time synchronisation of the received SV and other *** paper gives an overview of these features and the proposed way to take them into account in the IEC 60255 standard *** describes the progress of WG 2 and relates it to existing standardization documents.

关键词： Process bus Protection function Digital interface SAMU LPIT Standards IEC 61850

A Theoretical Approach to Estimating Bird Risk of Collision with Wind Turbines Where Empirical Flight Activity Data Are Lacking

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Energy and power Engineering 2016年第4期8卷 183-194页

作者： Robert W. Furness Mark Trinder David MacArthur Andrew Douse MacArthur Green Glasgow UK scottish Natural Heritage Great Glen House Inverness UK

There are standard procedures for collecting data on numbers of birds at sites being proposed for wind farm development and evaluating collision risk for each key species. However, methods do not work well for all species. Where a local bird population is depleted, empirical data cannot provide estimates of likely collision mortality numbers if that population returns to satisfactory conservation status. Field survey methods are also inadequate for cryptic bird species. Both these problems can be important for evaluation of impacts of proposed wind farms on bird populations protected by the EU Birds Directive. We present an alternative method, based on energy constrained activity budgets and natural history, which permits assessment of likely collision numbers where empirical data are inadequate. Two case studies are presented where this approach has been successfully used to resolve disputed planning applications, one for a hen harrier population where numbers present are much below the population size at designation, and one for a cryptic species (greenshank). Our novel method helps reduce uncertainty in assessments constrained by difficulties in collecting suitable empirical data.

关键词： Wind Farm Collision Risk Modelling Activity Budget Flight Birds Directive

Energy autonomous electronic skin

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npj Flexible Electronics 2019年第1期3卷 1-24页

作者： Carlos García Núñez Libu Manjakkal Ravinder Dahiya Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies(BEST)Group School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowG128QQ GlasgowUK scottish Universities Physics Alliance(SUPA) Institute of Thin FilmsSensors&Imaging(TFSI)University of the West of ScotlandPaisley PA12BEUK

Energy autonomy is key to the next generation portable and wearable systems for several *** these,the electronic-skin or e-skin is currently a matter of intensive investigations due to its wider applicability in areas,ranging from robotics to digital health,fashion and internet of things(IoT).The high density of multiple types of electronic components(***,actuators,electronics,etc.)required in e-skin,and the need to power them without adding heavy batteries,have fuelled the development of compact flexible energy systems to realize self-powered or energy-autonomous *** compact and wearable energy systems consisting of energy harvesters,energy storage devices,low-power electronics and efficient/wireless power transfer-based technologies,are expected to revolutionize the market for wearable systems and in particular for *** paper reviews the development in the field of self-powered e-skin,particularly focussing on the available energy-harvesting technologies,high capacity energy storage devices,and high efficiency power transmission *** paper highlights the key challenges,critical design strategies,and most promising materials for the development of an energy-autonomous e-skin for robotics,prosthetics and wearable *** paper will complement other reviews on e-skin,which have focussed on the type of sensors and electronics components.

关键词： electronic autonomous harvesting

Detecting polygenic selection in marine populations by combining population genomics and quantitative genetics approaches

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 603-616页

作者： Pierre-Alexandre GAGNAIRE Oscar E. GAGGIOTTI Universite Montpellier 2 Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France ISEM - CNRS UMR 5554 SMEL 2 rue des Chantiers Sete 34200 France scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews East Sands St Andrews KY16 9LB UK

Highly fecund marine species with dispersive life-history stages often display large population sizes and wide geographic distribution ranges. Consequently, they are expected to experience reduced genetic drift, efficient selection fueled by frequent adaptive mutations, and high migration loads. This has important consequences for understanding how local adaptation proceeds in the sea. A key issue in this regard, relates to the genetic architecture underlying fitness traits. Theory predicts that adaptation may involve many genes but with a high variance in effect size. Therefore, the effect of selection on allele frequencies may be substantial for the largest effect size loci, but insignificant for small effect genes. In such a context, the performance of population genomic methods to unravel the genetic basis of adaptation depends on the fraction of adaptive genetic variance explained by the cumulative effect of outlier loci. Here, we address some methodological challenges associated with the detection of local adaptation using molecular approaches. We provide an overview of genome scan methods to detect selection, including those assuming complex demographic models that better describe spatial population structure. We then focus on quantitative genetics approaches that search for genotype-phenotype associations at different genomic scales, including genome-wide methods evaluating the cumulative effect of variants. We argue that the limited power of single locus tests can be alleviated by the use of polygenic scores to estimate the joint contribution of candidate variants to phenotypic variation.

关键词： local adaptation genome scans quantitative genetics genotype-phenotype association polygenic scores.

Two-stage acceleration of interstellar ions driven by high-energy lepton plasma flows

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2015年第10期58卷 76-80页

作者： CUI YunQian SHENG ZhengMing LU QuanMing LI YuTong ZHANG Jie Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences scottish Universities Physics Alliance Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Mo E) and Department of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China

We present the particle-in-cell(PIC) simulation results of the interaction of a high-energy lepton plasma flow with background electron-proton plasma and focus on the acceleration processes of the protons. It is found that the acceleration follows a two-stage process. In the first stage, protons are significantly accelerated transversely(perpendicular to the lepton flow) by the turbulent magnetic field "islands" generated via the strong Weibel-type instabilities. The accelerated protons shows a perfect inverse-power energy spectrum. As the interaction continues, a shockwave structure forms and the protons in front of the shockwave are reflected at twice of the shock speed, resulting in a quasi-monoenergetic peak located near 200 Me V under the simulation parameters. The presented scenario of ion acceleration may be relevant to cosmic-ray generation in some astrophysical environments.

关键词： particle acceleration Fermi acceleration collisionless shock lepton plasma flow

Magnetic field annihilation and reconnection driven by femtosecond lasers in inhomogeneous plasma

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2017年第11期60卷 68-75页

作者： YouYuan Wang FeiYu Li Min Chen SuMing Weng QuanMing Lu QuanLi Dong ZhengMing Sheng Jie Zhang Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA) Shanghai Jiao Tong University scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) Department of PhysicsUniversity of Strathclyde Key Lab of Geospace Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geophysics and Planetary Science University of Science and Technology of China School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Ludong University

The process of fast magnetic reconnection driven by intense ultra-short laser pulses in underdense plasma is investigated by particle-in-cell simulations. In the wakefield of such laser pulses, quasi-static magnetic fields at a few mega-Gauss are generated due to nonvanishing cross product ▽(n/) × p. Excited in an inhomogeneous plasma of decreasing density, the quasi-static magnetic field structure is shown to drift quickly both in lateral and longitudinal directions. When two parallel-propagating laser pulses with close focal spot separation are used, such field drifts can develop into magnetic reconnection(annihilation) in their overlapping region, resulting in the conversion of magnetic energy to kinetic energy of particles. The reconnection rate is found to be much higher than the value obtained in the Hall magnetic reconnection model. Our work proposes a potential way to study magnetic reconnection-related physics with short-pulse lasers of terawatt peak power only.

关键词： magnetic reconnection laser wakefield magnetic field generation

Free electron lasers driven by plasma accelerators:status and near-term prospects

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High power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第4期9卷 112-126页

作者： C.Emma J.Van Tilborg R.Assmann S.Barber A.Cianchi S.Corde M.E.Couprie R.D'Arcy M.Ferrario A.F.Habib B.Hidding M.J.Hogan C.B.Schroeder A.Marinelli M.Labat R.Li J.Liu A.Loulergue J.Osterhoff A.R.Maier B.W.J.Mc Neil W.Wang SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA 94025USA BELLA Center Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY 22607 HamburgGermany INFN-LNF 00044 FrascatiItaly LOA ENSTA ParisCNRSEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91762 PalaiseauFrance Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des MerisiersSaint-Aubin91192 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance scottish Centre for the Application of Plasma-Based Accelerators SCAPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeScottish Universities Physics Alliance SUPAGlasgow G11XQUK Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Department of Physics University of StrathclydeScottish Universities Physics Alliance SUPAGlasgow G1IXQUK Cockcroft Institute Warrington WA44ADUK

Owing to their ultra-high accelerating gradients,combined with injection inside micrometer-scale accelerating wakefield buckets,plasma-based accelerators hold great potential to drive a new generation of free-electron lasers(FELs).Indeed,the first demonstration of plasma-driven FEL gain was reported recently,representing a major milestone for the *** groups around the world are pursuing these novel light sources,with methodology varying in the use of wakefield driver(laser-driven or beam-driven),plasma structure,phase-space manipulation,beamline design,and undulator technology,among *** paper presents our best attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the global community efforts towards plasma-based FEL research and development.

关键词： plasma accelerators free electron lasers novel light sources

Effect of different surface treatment agents on the physical chemistry and electrical properties of polyethylene nano-alumina nanocomposites

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High Voltage 2020年第4期5卷 397-402页

作者： Xuhui Duan Wah Hoon Siew Martin Given John Liggat Jinliang He Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde204 George StreetGlasgow G11XWUK Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgow G11XLUK State Key Laboratory of power System Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 10084People's Republic of China

Generally,the electrical properties of nanocomposite are affected by the type,size,filling concentration and surface treatment process of the *** this study,nanocomposites of polyethylene(PE)with varying filling contents of nanoalumina particles were prepared by the melting blending method and three different kinds of coupling agents were applied for surface modification properties of the *** of them were silane based and the other was titanate *** effect of different coupling agents on the dielectric properties was ***-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis were used to verify their *** electron microscope and polarised optical microscopy were used for morphology *** permittivity,direct current(DC)volume resistivity and DC breakdown strength characterised their improved insulation performance with nano-alumina as *** stimulated current results revealed that adding nano-alumina particles into low-density PE could provide more deep traps and increase DC resistivity.

关键词： electrical resistivity adding