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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sharing of Human Immunodeficiency Seropositivity Status among Serodiscordant Couples in the City of Parakou (Benin)

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Djossou Sègnon Eurydice Elvire Damien Georgia Barikissou Meba Bio Mamatou Tokpanoude Ignace Ahanhanzo-Glele Rhonel Ataigba Iretinethania Elie Agossoukpe Benoit Kakpo-Zannou Rodrigue Kamoutchoni Corneille Aguemon Badirou Unité de santé publique de la Faculté des sciences de la santé (FSS) Universitéd’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Bénin Association des Médecins Communautaires de Bénin (AMCB) Parakou Bénin Association Béninoise pour la Promotion de la Famille (ABPF) Parakou Bénin Centre d’Information de Prospective d’Ecoute et de Conseil sur les IST/VIH/Sida du Borgou et de l’Alibori (CIPEC/B-A) Parakou Bénin Institut de Formation enSoinsInfirmiers et Obstétricaux (IFSIO) Faculté de Médecine (FMP) Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre HospitalierUniversitaireDépartemental du BorgouAlibori (CHUD/B-A) Parakou Bénin Service de Médecine Interne H&#244pital Saint-Jean de Dieu de Boko N’Dali Bénin

Introduction: In serodiscordant couples, sharing serostatus is a crucial step in the HIV risk management process. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with serostatus sharing among HIV serodiscordant couples in the city of Parakou. Setting and methods: This study was carried out in the city of Parakou, capital of northern Benin. It was a descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study with non-probability sampling for convenience. Socio-demographic data, as well as data on antecedents, behaviours, social and marital life, were collected using a questionnaire gave to the participants. Clinical and therapeutic data were collected from patients’ medical records and follow-up charts. Data were analyzed and processed using R 4.3.1 software. The significance level was set at 5%, and logistic regression was used to identify potential predictors of shared serostatus among serodiscordant couples in the city of Parakou in 2022. results: A total of 299 participants in long-term serodiscordant relationships were included in our study. The average age of the subjects was 37.55 ± 10.25 years. Women were the infected partner in 80.27% of cases. The most common level of education was secondary (33.45%). Most respondents (230 subjects, 76.92%) were married. The average duration of the couple’s relationship was 121.68 months ± 96.32. The most frequent screening circumstances were: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) (50.84%) and hospital screening (26.09%). The infected partner shared his or her serostatus with his or her spouse in 47.83% of cases. Potential predictors of serostatus sharing within the couple were: marital status (p Conclusion: The sharing of serostatus within serodiscordant couples needs to be managed in a way that takes into account the social and marital characteristics of the couple.

关键词： Serodiscordance Sharing of Serostatus HIV Partner Benin

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Sexual Assault and Its Psychopathological repercussions in the Life of Female Students in Northeastern Benin (2023)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 163-178页

作者： Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigba Djibrilla Moussa Oumou Ousseyni Zika Fidélia Dotou Coovi Ignace Tokpanoude Anselme Djidonou Djibo Douma Maiga Francis Tognon Tchegnonsi Prosper Gandaho Josiane Ezin Houngbe Faculté de Médecine & Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Obstétricaux Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Départemental du Borgou Alibori Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Parakou Bénin Organisation Non Gouvernementale de Soutien de Réhabilitation d’Insertion et de Réinsertion (SouRIR ONG) Parakou Bénin Faculté des sciences de la Santé Université André Salifou de Zinder Zinder Niger Service de Psychiatrie H?pital National de Zinder Zinder Niger Faculté des sciences de la Santé Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Niamey Niger Service de Psychiatrie H?pital National de Niamey Niamey Niger Faculté des sciences de la Santé de Cotonou Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire - Hubert Koutoucou Maga de Cotonou Cotonou Bénin

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychic repercussions of sexual assault among female students in Parakou in 2023. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from december 2022 to July 2023 among all students at the University of Parakou. The sampling technique was stratified non-proportional at two levels. The dependent variable was self-reported sexual assault. The psychopathological repercussions linked to sexual assault and explored in these students were: post-traumatic stress disorder assessed with the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5) scale;and current depression screened with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. results: A total of 376 female students from the University of Parakou meeting the inclusion criteria were surveyed. The average age of the subjects surveyed was 20.56 ± 2.46 years, with extremes of 16 and 32 years. A predominance of subjects under 25 was observed. The prevalence of sexual assault among female students at the University of Parakou was 10.63%. The types of aggression suffered were mostly rape (18 people;45%) and sexual touching (16 people;40%), and the aggressors were mainly friends/boyfriends (13;32.5%), family members (12;30.0%) and people from the house/neighborhood (9;22.5%). Psychological repercussions included depression in 72.5% (29) of cases, with mild depression in 30% (12), moderate depression in 37.5% (15) and severe depression in 5% (2). Anxiety disorders were present in 27.50% (11) of victims. The risk factors associated with sexual assault in these students were gravidity (p = 0.014;OR = 15.32), unhappy life events (p = 0.01;OR = 17.24), and age of first sexual intercourse (p = 0.016;OR = 4.608). Conclusion: One in ten female students in Parakou has been sexually assaulted. Once again, preventive action through effective sex education is a means of fighting the problem that should be prioritized for every girl and boy from an early age. Psychological s

关键词： Sexual Assault Psychopathological repercussions Benin 2023

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Catalytic decomposition performance for O_3 and NO_2 in humid indoor air on a MnO_x/Al_2O_3 catalyst modified by a cost-effective chemical grafting method

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2018年第12期30卷 58-70页

作者： Longwen Chen Michel Ondarts Jonathan Outin Yves Gonthier Evelyne Gonze Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS Laboratoire d'Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l'Environnement(LOCIE)

Processes based on non-thermal plasma（NTP） for indoor air treatment inevitably lead to the formation of toxic by-products such as ozone（O3） and nitrogen oxides（NOx）. Adding a step of heterogeneous catalysis in series with NTP could allow for the decomposition of the by-products. Therefore, different catalysts were developed based on transition metal oxides, such as NiOx, CoOxand MnOxwith different weight percentage 1, 5 and 10 wt.%,deposited on a γ-Al2O3 support. The O3 removal efficiency（Ore） and the NOxremoval efficiency（Nre） were very encouraging in dry air： about 65% and 80%, respectively, by using2 g 5 wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst under the experimental conditions. However, strongly negative effects of relative humidity（RH） on the catalytic decomposition performance were observed. To overcome this limitation, the catalyst surface was modified to make it hydrophobic using a cost-effective chemical grafting method. This treatment consisted in impregnating the 5 wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst with different trichloro（alkyl）silanes（TCAS）.The effects of different linker lengths and amounts of TCAS for the hydrophobicity and the decomposition performance of surface-modified catalysts under humid conditions were investigated. Our results show that the surface-modified catalyst with the shortest linker and 0.25 mmol/gcatof modifying agent represents the best catalytic decomposition performance for O3. Its Ore is 41% at 60% RH, which is twice that of the non-modified catalyst.

关键词： Indoor air treatment Non-thermal plasma MnOx/Al2O3catalyst Surface modification Ozone

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Performance Evaluation of Solar Chimney Draft: Application to Ventilation

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Smart Grid and renewable Energy 2024年第4期15卷 107-122页

作者： Boukaré Ouedraogo Adama Ouedraogo Arouna Kabore Kalifa Palm Dieudonné Joseph Bahiebo laboratoire denergies Thermiques renouvelables (Letre) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO: UFR/SEA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique Spatiale et Energtique (LACAPSE) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CUP-Kaya) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire des Systmes denergie renouvelable et Environnement Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Ventilation is one of the factors contributing to energy consumption in buildings and food preservation. The solar chimney proves to be an alternative for reducing conventional energy consumption. Thus, in this study, the performance of a solar chimney with two active faces for thermally drawing air from a chamber for preserving agri-food products was evaluated. These performances were experimentally assessed through data measurements: temperatures and velocities within the chimney, and their analysis using Excel and MATlaB. The obtained results were compared with those from literature to verify their validity. From this study, it is found that the maximum temperature at the chimney outlet reaches 49.4˚C with an average value of 43.7˚C. Additionally, the heating evolution of the chimney air presents four (04) identical phases in pairs, reflecting the chimney’s operation throughout day. The temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the chimney reaches a maximum of 17˚C with an average of 12.6˚C. regarding airflow, the maximum air velocity at the chimney outlet is 0.8 m/s, and the average velocities have consistently been greater than or equal to 0.46 m/s. Thus, it can be concluded that the solar chimney is capable of providing ventilation for the preservation chamber through thermal draft.

关键词： Solar Chimney Natural Ventilation Thermal Draft Airflow Chimney Effect

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Batteries for electric vehicles:Technical advancements,environmental challenges,and market perspectives

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SusMat 2024年第5期4卷 1-30页

作者： Axel Celadon Huaihu Sun Shuhui Sun Gaixia Zhang department of Electrical Engineering Ecole de Technologie Superieure(ETS)MontrealQuebecCanada Institut National de la recherche Scientifique(INRS) Centre Energie Materiaux TelecommunicationsVarennesQuebecCanada

The rapid evolution of electric vehicles(EVs)highlights the critical role of bat-tery technology in promoting sustainable *** review offers a comprehensive introduction to the diverse landscape of batteries for *** particular,it examines the impressive array of available battery technologies,focusing on the predominance of lithium-based batteries,such as lithium-ion and lithium-metal ***,it explores battery technologies beyond lithium(“post-lithium”),including aluminum,sodium,and magnesium *** potential of solid-state batteries is also discussed,along with the current status of various battery types in EV *** review further addresses end-of-life treatment strategies for EV batteries,including reuse,remanufactur-ing,and recycling,which are essential for mitigating the environmental impact of batteries and ensuring sustainable lifecycle ***,market per-spectives and potential future research directions for battery technologies in EVs are also discussed.

关键词： electric vehicles environmental challenges market perspectives rechargeable batteries technical advancements

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Causes of Infertility of Couples residing in Libreville

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Advances in reproductive sciences 2024年第1期12卷 75-82页

作者： Opheelia Makoyo Komba Ulysse Minkobame Pamphile Assoumou Reteno Retno Elsy Ntsame Anouchka Mewi Jacques Albert Bang Ntamack Jean François Meye Département de gynécologie obstétrique Université des sciences de la santé d’Owendo Libreville Gabon

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, globally one in six people experience infertility in their lifetime. Infertility is considered as a major and global public health issue. In most cases, women bear the burden of infertility to protect the male ego. Although men and women are equally likely to have fertility problems. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of infertility of couples residing in Libreville. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study performed over 2 years, from 1st January 2021 to 31st december 2022. Data was obtained from 162 couples attending the assisted reproduction department of the mother and child hospitals in Libreville. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 software. results: During the study period, 28.5% of couples could afford IVF treatment. The average for woman age was 39.1 ± 4.06 while the average age for male patients was 41.53 ± 7.08 years with minimum and maximum age of 34 et 66 years. More than half (58.6%) of female partners were employed in the public sector. Half of the male partners (50%) were employed in the private sector. The median duration of infertility was 6 years. Approximately 49.4% of couples were diagnosed with primary infertility. The most common causes of infertility in female patients were Fallopian tubes obstruction (53.2%), uterine factors (24.2%) and hormonal problems (19.6%). With regards to male factors infertility, testicular causes were predominant (53.6%). Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia were the major semen abnormalities (55.7%) found after semen evaluation. Both male and female partners were sub-fertile in 47.5% of cases. Unexplained infertility was found in 11% of couples. Conclusion: This study showed that the diagnostic of infertility faced by couples residing in Libreville should involve both male and female partner.

关键词： Epidemiology Gabon Infertility

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among defence and Security Forces in Northern Benin (2023)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 142-161页

作者： Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigba Guy Gérard Aza Gnandji David Sinet Koivogui Dalmace Fauste Adjaho Eurydice Elvire Djossou Anselme Djidonou Francis Tognon Tchegnonsi Prosper Gandaho Josiane Ezin Houngbe Faculté de Médecine & Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Obstétricaux Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori Parakou Bénin Organisation Non Gouvernementale de Soutien Réhabilitation Insertion et Réinsertion (SouRIR ONG) Parakou Bénin Faculté des sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre Nationale Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoucou Maga de Cotonou Cotonou Bénin Faculté des sciences et Techniques de Santé Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guinée

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as “actual exposure to death or the threat of death, serious injury or sexual violence”, either directly or indirectly, resulting in a symptomatic procession of repetition, avoidance, neurovegetative hyperactivity and individualized symptoms, with or without negative cognitive and mood changes. It therefore goes without saying that the defence and security forces constitute a high-risk population in need of attention. Objective: To study post-traumatic stress disorder in defence and security forces in the city of Parakou in 2023. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from december 2022 to July 2023. The study population consisted of active military, republican police and firefighters in the city of Parakou in 2023. Non-proportional stratified sampling was used, given the inaccessibility of the source population size for national security reasons. Post-traumatic stress disorder was assessed using the “post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCLS-5) scale. results: A total of 305 subjects participated in the survey. Males dominated 90.2%. The most represented corps was the republican Police (41.6%), most of whom were non-commissioned officers (46.6%). The majority count between 11 and 20 years of service (48.9%), with 2 to 5 missions completed (67.5%). The calculated prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 11.8%, based on the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCL-5). Of the 36 respondents with post-traumatic stress disorder, 20 (55.6%) had experienced an armed attack, 25 (69.4%) had witnessed a violent death, 18 (50.0%) had witnessed the agony of a colleague, 15 (41.7%) had been exposed to a fire or explosion, while 26 (72.2%) had been traumatized by physical and/or verbal aggression. 5 (13.9%) had consulted a specialist psychiatrist, while 6 (16.7%) were on medication and 26 (72.2%) used sport as a means of maintaining physical and mental health. respectively 22 (61.1

关键词： Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Forces defence Security Benin 2023

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Detection of Burned Areas through Spectral Indices Analysis of Sentinel-2A Satellite Images in the Abokouamékro Wildlife reserve (Central, Côte D’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Applied sciences 2024年第1期14卷 205-222页

作者： Bob Kouakou Kouadio Sié Ouattara Alain Clément Jean-Marc Gala Bi Zaouri Jean-Luc Kouadio Kouassi Jean-Luc Edouard Kouakou N’guessan laboratoire des sciences et Technologies de la Communication et de l’Information (LSTCI) Institut National Polytechnique Houphou&#235t Boigny (INP-HB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire laboratoire des sciences Agronomiques et Génie Rural Institut National Polytechnique Houphou&#235t Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire Ecole de Géomatique et du Territoire (EGT) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire laRIS SFR MATHSTIC Université d’Angers Angers France Centre Universitaire de recherche et d’application en Télédétection (CURAT) UFR des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire laboratoire de Botanique UFR Biosciences Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

In Côte d’Ivoire, the recurring and unregulated use of bushfires, which cause ecological damage, presents a pressing concern for the custodians of protected areas. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the dynamics of burnt areas within the Abokouamékro Wildlife reserve (AWR) by employing the analysis of spectral indices derived from satellite imagery. The research methodology began with the calculation of mean indices and their corresponding spectral sub-indices, including NDVI, SAVI, NDWI, NDMI, BAI, NBR, TCW, TCG, and TCB, utilizing data from the Sentinel-2A satellite image dated January 17, 2022. Subsequently, a fuzzy classification model was applied to these various indices and sub-indices, guided by the degree of membership α, with the goal of effectively distinguishing between burned and unburned areas. Following the classification, the accuracies of the classified indices and sub-indices were validated using the coordinates of 100 data points collected within the AWR through GPS technology. The results revealed that the overall accuracy of all indices and sub-indices declines as the degree of membership α decreases from 1 to 0. Among the mean spectral indices, NDVI-mean, SAVI-mean, NDMI-mean exhibited the highest overall accuracies, achieving 97%, 95%, and 90%, respectively. These results closely mirrored those obtained by sub-indices using band 8 (NDVI-B8, SAVI-B8, and NDMI-B8), which yield respective overall accuracies of 93%, 92%, and 89%. At a degree of membership α = 1, the estimated burned areas for the most effective indices encompassed 2144.38 hectares for NDVI-mean, 1932.14 hectares for mean SAVI-mean, and 4947.13 hectares for mean NDMI-mean. A prospective approach involving the amalgamation of these three indices could have the potential to yield improved outcomes. This study could be a substantial contribution to the discrimination of bushfires in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Spectral Indices Wildfire Burned Areas Abokouamékro Wildlife reserve Côte D’Ivoire

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Acute Toxicity and Anthelmintic Effects of Gomphrena serrata L. (Amaranthaceae) Extracts on Adult Worms and Eggs of Haemonchus contortus

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第5期15卷 207-221页

作者： Hippolyte Ouedraogo Mohamed Bonewendé Belemlilga Aristide Traore Gilchrist Abdoul laurent Boly Félicité Moyenga Gueswindé Geoffroy Ouedraogo Sylvain Ilboudo lazare Belemnaba Sylvin Ouedraogo laboratoire de recherche-Dé veloppement de Phytom&#233dicaments et M&#233dicaments (LR-D/PM) Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant&#233 (IRSS) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Dé veloppement du M&#233dicament (LADME) Centre de Formation deRecherche et d&#8217Expertises en Sciences du M&#233dicament (CEA-CFOREM) &#201cole Doctorale Sciences de la Sant&#233 (ED2S) Universit&#233 Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso International research laboratory-Environnement Sant&#233 Soci&#233t&#233s (IRL 3189 ESS) CNRS/CNRST/UCAD/UGB/USTTB Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Gomphrena serrata L. (Amaranthaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used traditionally in rural areas to treat many diseases, including gastrointestinal helminthiasis of small ruminants. This work aims to estimate the plant extracts phytochemical potential and study the activities of the aqueous decoction (GS_AD), aqueous macerate (GS_AM), and hydroalcoholic macerate (GS_HEM) of Gomphrena serrata extracts on two developmental stages (eggs and adult worms) of Haemonchus contortus. Phytochemical screening was carried out. The acute toxicity test was performed according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development (OECD) test guideline 423. The Haemonchus contortus eggs hatching inhibition test was performed left to incubate for 48 hours in the presence of the different plant extracts at increasing concentrations of 0.125;0.25;0.5;0.625;1;2;3 mg/mL. For the motility inhibition test on adult worms, the worms were contacted with the extracts at concentrations of 0.75;1;1.25;1.5;2;3;4 mg/mL and left to incubate for 24 hours. Albendazole and levamisole were used as standard. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, reducing compounds, coumarins and derivatives, anthocyanins, steroids, triterpenes, and flavonoids. An acute toxicity study showed that the oral LD50 value of G. serrata was estimated to be 5000 mg/kg. All extracts showed an effect on both stages of parasite development. The hatching inhibition rate was 100% from 3 mg/mL for all three extracts. The rate of inhibition of motility was 100% from 4 mg/mL for each extract. HEM is more efficient on eggs and Haemonchus contortus adult worms than other extracts with IC50 of 0.457 mg/mL and LC50 of 1.329 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that Gomphrena serrata, a plant used by farmers, has anthelmintic properties.

关键词： Gomphrena serrata Haemonchus contortus Anthelmintic In Vitro

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Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality at Hospital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou (HOSCO): A Study from 2017 to 2020

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 63-77页

作者： Nicaise Zagre Ines Kinda Abdoul Karim Ouattara Paul Ouedraogo Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon Caroline Yonaba Fla Koueta Jacques Simpore Hô pital Saint Camille de Ouagadougou (HOSCO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculté des sciences de la Santé Université Saint Thomas d’Aquin (USTA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (laBIOGENE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre de recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculté des sciences de la Santé Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Neonatal pathology remains a real public health problem in developing countries. In Burkina Faso, this mortality has declined over the last ten years but remains below compared to the Sustainable development Goals, which is 12 per 1000 living births at most by 2030. This study aims to identify specific causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality and will contribute to the implementation of preventive and curative measures aimed at reducing neonatal mortality at HOSCO. Method: This was a retrospective study using the records and database of newborns hospitalized from January 1srt, 2017 to december 31srt, 2020. Using logistic regression, the factors associated with mortality were determined. results: During the study period, 3020 newborns were hospitalized. Most newborns (83.71%) were referred by a peripheral health facility. The average age at admission was 0.3 days ± 0.9 and the sex ratio was 1.2. Prematurity was the leading cause of hospitalization (61.13%) followed by neonatal infection (38.34%) and neonatal suffering (23.88%). The mortality rate was 40.6% with 82.71% cases of death in the early neonatal period. The main causes of death were low birth weight (47.39%), respiratory distress (18.76%), neonatal suffering (17.37%) and neonatal infection (13.87%). Home delivery, gestational age 36 weeks, number of PNC 4, concept of resuscitation, Apgar at the 5th minute 7, birth weight 2000 g and >4000 g, respiratory distress, hypothermia, neurological disorders were factors associated with deaths. Conclusion: Neonatal mortality is influenced by both maternal and fetal factors and many of them are preventable.

关键词： Morbidity Mortality Newborns Neonatology HOSCO

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