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Breaking the spatial restriction of pluripotency acquisition by environmental stimuli

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Molecular Plant 2023年第2期16卷 301-302页

作者： Momoko Ikeuchi division of Biological science Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan

Plant cells have remarkable developmental plasticity,and many of them have the intrinsic potential to acquire pluripotency.Whereas some stimuli such as auxin or wounding can trigger cellular pluripotency acquisition,various other environmental signals impact the efficiency of callus formation and subsequent organ regeneration(Ikeuchi et al.,2016).

关键词： wound al. subsequent

Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy for Cilia Investigation and Ciliopathy Diagnosis(Invited)

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激光与光电子学进展 2024年第6期61卷 260-271页

作者： Liu Zhen Wu Yang division of Life science The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

The last two decades have witnessed the invention and development of super-resolution microscopy(SRM)that breaks the diffraction limit of light and pushes the fluorescence microscopy resolution to several nanometers.While SRM is widely used in biological studies,such as resolving subdiffraction structures,molecular mapping,tracking single molecules,probing protein-protein interactions,and observing organelle dynamics,its direct application in translational medicine,such as disease diagnosis,is still preliminary.Despite their small size,cilia play a crucial role as organelles in cell signaling and motility,with defects in cilia leading to ciliopathy.Similar to other miniature organelles and macromolecular complexes,cilia are ideal for super-resolution imaging.In this review,we will 1)introduce cilia and ciliopathy,2)show how SRM extends our knowledge of cilia,and 3)focus on how SRM improves the diagnosis of motile ciliopathies.

关键词： diagnosis limit spite

Effect of Co(Ⅱ) dopant on the removal of Methylene Blue by a dense copper terephthalate

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2019年第7期31卷 68-79页

作者： Chompoonoot Nanthamathee division of Chemistry Department of Science Walailak University

In this research, for the first time, a series of Co(Ⅱ) doped copper terephthalate(Co X-Cu BDC,where X is doping percentage) were successfully synthesized via solvothermal method and were tested for dye removal application. The physical properties of Co X-CuBDC were studied by several techniques including X-ray diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area analysis. The incorporation of Co(Ⅱ) dopant leads to isomorphic substitution of Cu(II) in the CuBDC framework with the maximum doping percentage of 22. Doping and parent MOFs which are non-porous were used for removal of Methylene Blue(MB) from aqueous solution. Adsorption capacity of Co22-CuBDC and CuBDC are 52 and 58 mg/g, respectively, both of which are higher than the adsorption capacity recorded from several high porosity MOFs. Adsorption kinetic studies indicate that adsorption process follows pseudo-second order model while the adsorption mechanism is dominated by electrostatic attraction. Overall, even though these materials show non-porous characteristic,it can be used effectively in wastewater treatment application.

关键词： Mixed-metal MOFs Methylene Blue adsorption Wastewater treatment Pseudo-second order model Adsorption kinetics

Assessing the predictive capabilities of precipitation strengthening models for deformation twinning in Mg alloys using phase-field simulations

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第12期11卷 4525-4541页

作者： Darshan Bamney Laurent Capolungo Materials science&Technology division Los Alamos National LaboratoryUSA

Precipitation strengthening is a key strategy for improving the overall mechanical properties of Mg alloys. In Mg-Al alloys, basal precipitates are known to strengthen against twinning, resulting in an increase in the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS) necessary for continued deformation. Although several models have been proposed to quantify the influence of precipitate shape, size, and distribution on the CRSS, the accuracy, scope, and applicability of these models has not been fully assessed. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are:(i)to analyze the accuracy of analytical models proposed in the literature for precipitation strengthening against twin thickening and propagation(in Mg-Al alloys) using phase-field(PF) simulations,(ii) to propose modifications to these model forms to better capture the observed trends in the PF data, and(iii) to subsequently test the predictiveness of the extended models in extrapolating to experimental strengthening data.First, using an atomistically-informed phase-field method, the interactions between migrating twin boundaries(during the propagation and thickening stages) and basal plates are simulated for different precipitate sizes and arrangements. In general, comparison of the increase in CRSS determined from the PF simulations and the predictions from four precipitation strengthening models reveals that modifications are necessary to the model forms to extend their applicability to precipitation strengthening against both twin thickening and propagation. A subsequent comparison between predictions from the extended models and experimental strengthening data for peak age-hardened samples reveals that the(extended) single dislocation and dislocation wall models provide reasonably accurate values of the increase in CRSS.Ultimately, the results presented here help elucidate the fidelity and applicability of the various hardening models in predicting precipitation strenghtening effects in technologically important alloys.

关键词： Twinning Twin precipitate interactions Strengthening Magnesium alloys Phase field Mechanical behavior

Conjugated microporous polymer membranes for chemical separations

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第5期35卷 1-14页

作者： Zongyao Zhou Zhen Li Lubna M.Rehman Zhiping Lai division of Physical science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs) are a unique class of porous organic materials, which are constructed with π-conjugation structures leading to intrinsic micropores. The CMPs properties such as high surface area, intrinsic and rich micropores, interlocking and rigid structure, extensive π-conjugation and tunable band-gap, chemical and thermal stability, together with tailored functionalities, contribute to its abundant potential for application in fields such as photocatalysis, optoelectronics, energy storage, and chemical sensors. Recently, CMPs have gained importance in the field of membranes for chemical separation. In this review, we briefly discuss the historical development of CMPs, followed by a detailed description of the progress in state-of-the-art design, preparation, and application of CMPs in membranes. Additionally, we provide inference on the future prospects of CMPs as membranes.

关键词： Conjugated microporous polymer Membrane Separation Electropolymerization Film

Game theory, learning, and control systems

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National science Review 2020年第7期7卷 1118-1119页

作者： Jeff S.Shamma Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Game theory is the study of interacting decision makers, whereas control systems involve the design of intelligent decision-making devices.When many control systems are interconnected, the result can be viewed through the lens of game theory. This article discusses both long standing connections between these fields as well as new connections stemming from emerging applications.

关键词： Game theory

A Series of Soluble Planar Oligorylenes up to Hexarylene

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第9期41卷 1023-1027页

作者： Ryuichi Fujita Shoko Yoshida Haruka Kano Kyohei Matsuo Hironobu Hayashi Hiroko Yamada Naoki Aratani division of Materials science Nara Institute of Science and Technology(NAIST)8916-5 Takayama-choIkoma 630-0192Japan

Preparation of large rylenes often needs the use of solubilizing groups along the rylene backbone,which results in the distortion of the skeleton and thus broadening of the absorption spectrum.In this work,we successfully synthesized 2,5,8,16,19,22-hexakis[2,6-bis(tri-fluoromethyl)phenyl]hexarylene(H)by using an oxidative fusion reaction of perylene trimer in 5%yield.The product is soluble in common organic solvents and could be purified with column chromatography.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the hexarylene core is not disturbed by the substituents very much and is almost planar.The longest absorption of H exhibits a sharp peak at 831 nm and an on-set at 875 nm in toluene with a small full-width-at-half-maximum(FWHM)of 660 cm^(-1).The molar extinction coefficient is as large as 131,000 M^(-1)cm^(-1).The substituents could not perturb the electronic properties of the hexarylene because aryl groups are perpendicular to the hexarylene core and the carbon atoms at 2,5,16,19-positions have negligible coeffi-cients on its HOMO and LUMO,estimated by theoretical calculations.As a result,the hexarylene having less absorption at the visible light region was stable enough in solution under the LED room light for more than 1 week.This strategy gives a useful guideline to establish the near-infrared materials that exhibit stability under ambient conditions.

关键词： Oligorylenes Undistorted skeleton Near infrared absorption Crystal structure Effective conjugation length

Quantitative analysis of mechanical properties associated with aging treatment and microstructure in Mg-Al-Zn alloys through machine learning

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第12期107卷 52-63页

作者： Joung Sik Suh Byeong-Chan Suh Sang Eun Lee Jun Ho Bae Byoung Gi Moon Advanced Metals division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea

The present study proposes a methodology for predicting the mechanical properties of AZ61 and AZ91alloys associated with microstructure,texture and aging parameters and estimating predictor importance.For this,we investigate quantitative correlations between microstructure,texture and mechanical properties of aged AZ61 and AZ91 rods through machine learning.This regression analysis focuses on the precipitation behavior of Mg17Al12as the main second phase of Mg-Al-Zn alloys with respect to aging conditions.To simplify data generation,only SEM images were used to quantify the features of discontinuous and continuous precipitates.To overcome the lack of data and make the most of the measured data,we devised a method to extend the existing dataset by a factor of 9 using the mean and standard deviation of the measured data.Artificial neural networks predicted tensile and compressive yield strengths and resultant yield asymmetry with a high accuracy of over 98%using 11 predictors for a total of 288datasets.Decision tree learning quantitatively assessed the importance of predictors in determining the mechanical properties of aged AZ61 and AZ91 rods.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Aging treatment Microstructure Mechanical properties Machine learning

用于二维半导体沟道晶体管的HfO_(2)/Sb_(2)O_(3)双层栅极介电层

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science Bulletin 2023年第22期68卷 2684-2686页

作者： Mario Lanza Materials science and Engineering Program Physical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

The invention of the transistor 75 years ago by American scientists John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain at Bell Labs(New Jersey, USA), was the onset of a technological revolution that has changed the w... 详细信息

关键词： Shockley transistor 二维半导体