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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1633-1634页

作者： Austyn D.Roseborough Nikita Ollen-Bittle Shawn NWhitehead Vulnerable Brain Laboratory Department of Anatomy&Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine&DentistryLondonOHCanada

Microglia are one of the three glial cell populations in the central nervous system(CNS),along with astrocytes and *** microglia are unique among brain cells due to their hematologic origin and perform immune function... 详细信息

关键词： neurological cytes activation

Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed Andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner Harley Williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.Elise Graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school *** number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to *** are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional *** presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the *** study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by ***:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and ***‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of ***:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter *** presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in *** efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

Connecting cellular mechanisms and extracellular vesicle cargo in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2119-2131页

作者： Nikita Ollen-Bittle Austyn D.Roseborough Wenxuan Wang Jeng-liang D.Wu Shawn N.Whitehead Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Western UniversityLondonONCanada schulich school of medicine and dentistry Western UniversityLondonONCanada Deparment of Clinical Neurological Sciences Western UniversityLondonONCanada

Traumatic brain injury is followed by a cascade of dynamic and complex events occurring at the cellular level. These events include: diffuse axonal injury, neuronal cell death, blood-brain barrier break down, glial activation and neuroinflammation, edema, ischemia, vascular injury, energy failure, and peripheral immune cell infiltration. The timing of these events post injury has been linked to injury severity and functional outcome. Extracellular vesicles are membrane bound secretory vesicles that contain markers and cargo pertaining to their cell of origin and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These qualities make extracellular vesicles intriguing candidates for a liquid biopsy into the pathophysiologic changes occurring at the cellular level post traumatic brain injury. Herein, we review the most commonly reported cargo changes in extracellular vesicles from clinical traumatic brain injury samples. We then use knowledge from animal and in vitro models to help infer what these changes may indicate regrading cellular responses post traumatic brain injury. Future research should prioritize labeling extracellular vesicles with markers for distinct cell types across a range of timepoints post traumatic brain injury.

关键词： axonal injury biomarkers blood-brain barrier chronic traumatic encephalopathy extracellular vesicles glial activation neuroinflammation traumatic brain injury

Cautionary Remarks When Testing Agreement between Two Raters for Continuous Scale Measurements: A Tutorial in Clinical Epidemiology with Implementation Using R

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 56-74页

作者： Mohamed M. Shoukri Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Canada

Background: When continuous scale measurements are available, agreements between two measuring devices are assessed both graphically and analytically. In clinical investigations, Bland and Altman proposed plotting subject-wise differences between raters against subject-wise averages. In order to scientifically assess agreement, Bartko recommended combining the graphical approach with the statistical analytic procedure suggested by Bradley and Blackwood. The advantage of using this approach is that it enables significance testing and sample size estimation. We noted that the direct use of the results of the regression is misleading and we provide a correction in this regard. Methods: Graphical and linear models are used to assess agreements for continuous scale measurements. We demonstrate that software linear regression results should not be readily used and we provided correct analytic procedures. The degrees of freedom of the F-statistics are incorrectly reported, and we propose methods to overcome this problem by introducing the correct analytic form of the F statistic. Methods for sample size estimation using R-functions are also given. Results: We believe that the tutorial and the R-codes are useful tools for testing and estimating agreement between two rating protocols for continuous scale measurements. The interested reader may use the codes and apply them to their available data when the issue of agreement between two raters is the subject of interest.

关键词： Limits of Agreement Pitman and Morgan Tests Test of Parallelism The Arcsine Variance Stabilizing Transformation Sample Size Estimation

Using Pearson’s System of Curves to Approximate the Distributions of the Difference between Two Correlated Estimates of Signal-to-Noise Ratios: The Cases of Bivariate Normal and Bivariate Lognormal Distributions

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Open Journal of Statistics 2024年第3期14卷 207-227页

作者： Mohamed M. Shoukri Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada

Background: The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is recognized as an index of measurements reproducibility. We derive the maximum likelihood estimators of SNR and discuss confidence interval construction on the difference between two correlated SNRs when the readings are from bivariate normal and bivariate lognormal distribution. We use the Pearsons system of curves to approximate the difference between the two estimates and use the bootstrap methods to validate the approximate distributions of the statistic of interest. Methods: The paper uses the delta method to find the first four central moments, and hence the skewness and kurtosis which are important in the determination of the parameters of the Pearsons distribution. Results: The approach is illustrated in two examples;one from veterinary microbiology and food safety data and the other on data from clinical medicine. We derived the four central moments of the target statistics, together with the bootstrap method to evaluate the parameters of Pearsons distribution. The fitted Pearsons curves of Types I and II were recommended based on the available data. The R-codes are also provided to be readily used by the readers.

关键词： Signal-to-Noise Ratio Bivariate Distributions Bootstrap Methods Delta Method Pearson System of Curves

Impact of interfacial tension on oil-water flow in a narrow gap

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 219-227页

作者： Salim Raza Ian D.Gates Saira Sherin University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPakistan Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCanada

Numerous researchers have examined the co-current flow of oil-water and aqueous solutions containing polymers and surfactants in thin gaps for oil *** some have focused on charges and forces at the interfaces of oil-surfactant solutions during *** study of flow structures,interface behavior,and relative permeabilities of oil and aqueous phases of surfactant flow through thin gaps has been less *** the first time,this research aims to comprehensively investigate the flow of oil-water and oil-surfactant solutions through a thin gap(Hele-Shaw cell)with a particular focus on the impact of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).The experiments reveal that SDS forms an emulsion near the oil-water interface,capturing oil droplets and enabling their flow along with the SDS *** studies confirm this,showing that when SDS contacts oil,it creates channels through the oil phase,leading to the accumulation and division of oil into small round-shaped droplets,resulting in an oil-in-water *** addition of SDS to the injecting water significantly enhances relative permeabilities,leading to a remarkable 90%increase in oil recovery from the *** research suggests that the optimal SDS concentration range for maximum oil recovery is between 1.5 and 2 wt%,as it achieves the minimum interfacial tension between oil and water.

关键词： Surfactant Co-current flow Narrow gap Interface interactions Relative permeability

Why do thoracic epidurals fail?A literature review on thoracic epidural failure and catheter confirmation

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World Journal of Critical Care medicine 2024年第3期13卷 11-16页

作者： Kamal Kumar Fuhazia Horner Mohamed Aly Gopakumar S Nair Cheng Lin Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative medicine Schulich School of MedicineWestern UniversityLondon N6A 5W9ONCanada Department of London Health Sciences Victoria HospitalLondon N6A 5W9ONCanada schulich school of medicine and dentistry Western UniversityLondon N6A5W9ONCanada

Thoracic epidural anesthesia(TEA)has been the gold standard of perioperative analgesia in various abdominal and thoracic ***,misplaced or displaced catheters,along with other factors such as technical challenges,equipment failure,and anatomic variation,lead to a high incidence of unsatisfactory *** article aims to assess the different sources of TEA failure and strategies to validate the location of thoracic epidural catheters.A literature search of PubMed,Medline,Science Direct,and Google Scholar was *** search results were limited to randomized controlled *** suggests techniques such as electrophysiological stimulation,epidural waveform monitoring,and x-ray epidurography for identifying thoracic epidural placement,but there is no one particular superior confirmation method;clinicians are advised to select techniques that are practical and suitable for their patients and practice environment to maximize success.

关键词： Thoracic epidural Failure rate Placement Electrophysiological stimulation Epidural waveform monitoring X-ray epidurography

Effect of pipe installation and external load on buried steel pipe responses:Experimental and numerical investigations

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Underground Space 2024年第2期15卷 44-58页

作者： Yadong Zhang Ron Chik-Kwong Wong Jianfeng Chen Wei Su Department of Civil Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

During pipe installation,compacting soil at pipe sides causes an initial pipe deformation which is known as the"peaking"***,in conventional pipe design codes,only pipe deformation caused by vertical overburden is considered while the"peaking"effect is *** this study,a full-scale test was conducted on a Grade X52 steel pipe with a diameter of 600 mm to investigate the impacts of both soil compaction and vertical overburden on pipe *** compaction and external load were found to elongate and shorten the vertical pipe diameter,***"peaking"effect was observed during the installation procedure accompanied by the highest pipe stress measured at the pipe ***,a two-dimensional finite element model was created and validated based on the calculated pipe stresses from the experimental study.A parametric study was performed thereafter to numerically study the impacts of soil water content,pipe wall thickness,compaction pressure,and lift thickness on pipe responses due to soil compaction and external *** increase in the"peaking"effect is observed with increasing soil water content and compaction pressure,while an increase in pipe wall thickness or lift thickness would cause a decrease in the"peaking"effect.

关键词： X52 steel Soil compaction External load Peaking effect Pipe deflection Soil arching

Flexible ureteroscopy:Technological advancements,current indications and outcomes in the treatment of urolithiasis

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Asian Journal of Urology 2015年第3期2卷 133-141页

作者： Husain Alenezi John D.Denstedt Division of Urology Department of SurgerySchulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

The last 3 decades have witnessed great improvements in the technology and clinical applications of many minimally invasive procedures in the urological *** ureteroscopy(fURS)has advanced considerably to become a widely utilized diagnostic and therapeutic tool for multiple upper urinary tract *** most common indication for fURS is the treatment of upper urinary tract stones with the aid of Holmium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet(YAG)laser *** in endoscope technologies and operative techniques have lead to a broader application of fURS in the management of urolithiasis to include larger and more complex *** has proved to be an effective and safe procedure with few *** progression in fURS may increase its clinical applicability and supplant other procedures as the first line treatment option for urolithiasis.

关键词： Flexible ureteroscopy Urolithiasis Renal stone Endoscopy

Pseudo-Semi-Overlap Functions-Based Fuzzy Rough Sets Applied to Image Edge Extraction

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2347-2366页

作者： Ran Yin Minge Chen Yu Liu Yafei Zhao Jianwei Li school of Mathematics and Data Science Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xian China Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada

As an extension of overlap functions, pseudo-semi-overlap functions are a crucial class of aggregation functions. Therefore, (I, PSO)-fuzzy rough sets are introduced, utilizing pseudo-semi-overlap functions, and further extended for applications in image edge extraction. Firstly, a new clustering function, the pseudo-semi-overlap function, is introduced by eliminating the symmetry and right continuity present in the overlap function. The relaxed nature of this function enhances its applicability in image edge extraction. Secondly, the definitions of (I, PSO)-fuzzy rough sets are provided, using (I, PSO)-fuzzy rough sets, a pair of new fuzzy mathematical morphological operators (IPSOFMM operators) is proposed. Finally, by combining the fuzzy C-means algorithm and IPSOFMM operators, a novel image edge extraction algorithm (FCM-IPSO algorithm) is proposed and implemented. Compared to existing algorithms, the FCM-IPSO algorithm exhibits more image edges and a 73.81% decrease in the noise introduction rate. The outstanding performance of (I, PSO)-fuzzy rough sets in image edge extraction demonstrates their practical application value.

关键词： Pseudo-Semi-Overlap Functions Fuzzy Rough Set Fuzzy Mathematical Morphology Image Edge Extraction