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GCM Simulations of Stable Isotopes in the Water Cycle in Comparison with GNIP Observations over East Asia

Acta meteorologica Sinica 2012年第4期26卷 420-437页

作者：章新平孙治安关华德张新主吴华武黄一民 College of Resources and environmental Sciences Hunan Normal University centre for Australian Weather and Climate research school of the environment National Centre for Groundwater Research and TrainingFlinders University

In this paper, we examine the performance of four isotope incorporated GCMs, i.e., ECHAM4 （Univer- sity of Hamburg）, HadCM3 （Hadley centre）, GISS E （Goddard Institute of Space Sciences）, and MUGCM （Melbourne University）, by comparing the model results with GNIP （Global Network of Isotopes in Precip- itation） observations. The spatial distributions of mean annual δD and mean annual deuterium excess d in precipitation, and the relationship between δ18O and δD in precipitation, are compared between GCMs and GNIP data over East Asia. Overall, the four GCMs reproduce major characteristics of δD in precipitation as observed by GNIP. Among the four models, the results of ECHAM4 and GISS E are more consistent with GNIP observed precipitation δD distribution. The simulated d distributions are less consistent with the GNIP results. This may indicate that kinetic fractionation processes are not appropriately represented in the isotopic schemes of GCMs. The GCM modeled MWL （meteoric water line） slopes are close to the GNIP derived MWL, but the simulated MWL intercepts are significantly overestimated. This supports that the four isotope incorporated GCMs may not represent the kinetic fractionation processes well. In term of LMWLs （local meteoric water lines）, the simulated LMWL slopes are similar to those from GNIP observa- tions, but slightly overestimated for most locations. Overall, ECHAM4 has better capability in simulating MWL and LMWLs, followed by GISS E. Some isotopic functions （especially those related to kinetic frac- tionation） and their parameterizations in GCMs may have caused the discrepancy between the simulated and GNIP observed results. Future work is recommended to improve isotopic function parameterization on the basis of the high-resolution isotope observations.

关键词： GCM GNIP, stable isotope, deuterium excess, meteoric water line

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Development of a soil-plant-atmosphere continuum model (HDS-SPAC) based on hybrid dual-source approach and its verification in wheat field

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第10期55卷 2671-2685页

作者： YANG YuTing SHANG SongHao GUAN Huade State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China school of the environment&national centre for groundwater research and Training Flinders UniversityAdelaide 5001Australia

HDS-SPAC,a new soil-plant-atmosphere continuum(SPAC) model,is developed for simulating water and heat transfer in *** model adopts a recently proposed hybrid dual source approach for soil evaporation and plant transpiration *** the above-ground part,a layer approach is used to partition available energy and calculate aerodynamic resistances,while a patch approach is used to derive sensible heat and latent heat fluxes from the two sources(soil and vegetation).For the below-ground part,soil water and heat dynamics are described by the mixed form of Richards equation,and the soil heat conductivity equation,*** two parts are coupled through ground heat flux for energy transfer,root-zone water potential-dependent stomatal resistance,and surface soil water potential-dependent evaporation for water *** is calculated from the water potential gradient at soil-atmosphere interface and aerodynamic resistance,and transpiration is determined using a Jarvis-type function linking soil water availability and atmospheric *** other processes,such as canopy interception and deep percolation,are also considered in the HDS-SPAC *** hybrid dual-source approach allows HDS-SPAC to simulate heat and water transfer in an ecosystem with a large range of vegetation cover change temporally or *** model was tested with observations at a wheat field in North China Plain over a time of three months covering both wet and dry *** fractional crop covers change from 30% to over 90%.The results indicated that the HDS-SPAC model can estimate actual evaporation and transpiration partitioning and soil water content and temperature over the whole range of tested vegetation coverage.

关键词： soil-plant-atmosphere continuum energy budget soil water dynamics dual-source model vegetation characteristics

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groundwater Recharge and Mixing in Arid and Semiarid Regions:Heihe River Basin,Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 971-987页

作者： CAO Guoliang ZHENG Chunmiao Craig T.SIMMONS Institute of Water Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China school of the environment&national centre for groundwater research and Training Adelaide SA 5001Australia school of environmental Science and Engineering South University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen 518055China Department of Geological Sciences University ofAlabamaTuscaloosaAlabama 35487USA

A sound understanding of groundwater recharged from various sources occurring at different time scales is crucial for water management in arid and semi-arid river basins. groundwater recharge sources and their geochemical evolution are investigated for the Heihe River Basin （HRB） in northwest China on the basis of a comprehensive compilation of geochemical and isotopic data. Geochemical mass- balance modeling indicates that mountain-block recharge accounts for a small fraction （generally less than 5%） of the shallow and deep groundwater sustaining the oasis, whereas infiltration of rivers and irrigation water contribute most of the groundwater recharge. Dedolomitization is the primary process responsible for the changes in groundwater chemical and carbon isotope compositions from the piedmont to the groundwater discharge zone, where the dedolomitization is very likely enhanced by modern agricultural activities affecting the shallow groundwater quality. Analysis of radioactive isotopes suggests that these primary recharge sources occur at two different time scales. Radiocarbon-derived groundwater age profiles indicate a recharge rate of approximately 12 mm/year, which probably occurred during 2000-7000 years B.P., corresponding to the mid-Holocene humid period. The recharge of young groundwater on the tritium-dated time scale is much higher, about 360 mm/year in the oasis region. Infiltration from irrigation canals and irrigation return flow are the primary contributors to the increased young groundwater recharge. This study suggests that groundwater chemistry in the HRB has been influenced by the complex interaction between natural and human-induced geochemical processes and that anthropogenic effects have played a more significant role in terms of both groundwater quantity and quality.

关键词： Heihe River Basin groundwater recharge groundwater mixing isotope hydrology

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不同水汽来源对湖南长沙地区降水中δD、δ^(18)O的影响

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自然资源学报 2012年第8期27卷 1404-1414页

作者：吴华武章新平关华德孙广禄黄一民张婷婷湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院 school of environment National Centre for Groundwater Research and TrainingFinders University

根据2010年在长沙地区进行降水收集和气象要素观测的资料,分析了该地区降水中δ18O与温度、降水量之间的关系,揭示了降水中δD、δ18O的变化特征,讨论了水汽输送对降水中δ18O变化的影响。结果表明,在天气尺度下,长沙地区大气降水中δ18... 详细信息

根据2010年在长沙地区进行降水收集和气象要素观测的资料,分析了该地区降水中δ18O与温度、降水量之间的关系,揭示了降水中δD、δ18O的变化特征,讨论了水汽输送对降水中δ18O变化的影响。结果表明,在天气尺度下,长沙地区大气降水中δ18O与降水量、温度之间存在显著的负相关关系,即该地区降水中δ18O的变化具有显著的降水量效应及反温度效应。对长沙地区的降雪样和降雨样进行线性回归,得出大降水事件和降雪的大气降水线具有较大斜率和截距。随着降水量的减小,大气降水线方程的斜率和截距也逐渐减小,这主要由于小降水事件的雨滴在降落过程中受到二次蒸发强烈,同位素分馏强烈。利用HYSPLIT模式追踪该地区气流的轨迹发现,在季风降水期间(5—9月),δ18O值偏低的水汽主要来自孟加拉湾、南海洋面与西太平洋海区;在非季风降水期间(10—4月),δ18O值偏高的水汽主要来自西风带携带的水汽和局地水汽环流。

关键词： δD δ18O 降水 HYSPLIT模式水汽来源长沙地区

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Transformation of ammonium nitrogen and response characteristics of nitrifying functional genes in tannery sludge contaminated soil

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Journal of groundwater Science and Engineering 2022年第3期10卷 223-232页

作者： Xiang-ke Kong Zi-xuan Zhang Ping Wang Yan-yan Wang Zhao-ji Zhang Zhan-tao Han Li-sha Ma Institute of Hydrogeology and environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China Key Laboratory of groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey Shijiazhuang 050061China school of Water Resources and environment China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Technical centre for Soil Agriculture and Rural Ecology and EnvironmentMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100012China

High concentrations of ammonium nitrogen released from tannery sludge during storage in open air may cause nitrogen pollution to soil and *** study the transformation mechanism of NH_(4)^(+)-N by nitrifying functional bacteria in tannery sludge contaminated soils,a series of contaminated soil culture experiments were conducted in this *** contents of ammonium nitrogen(as NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrite nitrogen(as NO_(2)^(−)-N)and nitrate nitrogen(as NO_(3)^(−)-N)were analyzed during the culture period under different conditions of pollution load,soil particle and redox *** equation was used to interpret the change of NO_(3)^(−)-N with time in contaminated *** abundance variations of nitrifying functional genes(amoA and nxrA)were also detected using the real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR *** results show that the nitrification of NH_(4)^(+)-N was aggravated in the contaminated silt soil and fine sand under the condition of lower pollution load,finer particle size and more oxidizing *** sigmodial equation well fitted the dynamic accumulation curve of the NO_(3)^(−)-N content in the tannery sludge contaminated *** Cr(III)content increased with increasing pollution load,which inhibited the reproduction and activity of nitrifying bacteria in the soils,especially in coarse-grained *** accumulation of NO_(2)^(−)-N contents became more obvious with the increase of pollution load in the fine sand,and only 41.5%of the NH_(4)^(+)-N was transformed to NO_(3)^(−)-*** redox environment was the main factor affecting nitrification process in the *** to the aerobic soil environment,the transformation of NH_(4)^(+)-N was significantly inhibited under anaerobic incubation condition,and the NO_(3)^(−)-N contents decreased by 37.2%,61.9%and 91.9%under low,medium and high pollution loads,*** was stronger in the silt soil since its copy number of amoA and nxrA genes was two times larger t

关键词： Tannery sludge Transformation of ammonium nitrogen Cr(III)aging Fluorescence quantitative PCR Functional gene

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Phosphine production in anaerobic wastewater treatment under tetracycline antibiotic pressure

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 239-250页

作者： Meiqing Lu Xiaojun Niu Weiyi Chen Zhu Liang Sheng You Xiaohong Gu school of environment and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and environment Nanjing 210008 China school of environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control Shenzhen 518055 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric environment and Pollution Control Guangzhou 510640 China China Water Resources Pearl River Planning Surveying & Designing Co. Ltd. Guangzhou 510640 China The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of EducationSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre Guangzhou 510006 China

The influence of tetracycline（TC） antibiotics on phosphine（PH3） production in the anaerobic wastewater treatment was studied. A lab-scale anaerobic baffled reactor with three compartments was employed to simulate this process. The reactor was operated in a TC-absence wastewater and 250 μg/L TC-presence wastewater for three months after a start-up period,respectively. The responses of p H, oxidation–reduction potential（ORP）, chemical oxygen demand（COD）, total phosphorus（TP）, enzymes activity（dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase）,and microbial community were investigated to reveal the effect of TC on PH3 *** suggested that the dehydrogenase（DH） activity, acid phosphatase（ACP） activity and COD have positive relationship with PH3 production, while p H, ORP level and the TP in liquid phase have negative relationship with PH3 production. With prolonged TC exposure, decrease in p H and increase in DH activity are beneficial to PH3 production, while decrease in COD and ACP activity are not the limiting factors for PH3 production.

关键词： Tetracycline antibiotic Anaerobic Wastewater treatment Phosphine production

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云南降水中稳定同位素变化的模拟和比较

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地理科学 2012年第1期32卷 121-128页

作者：章新平关华德孙治安孙广禄张新主吴华武湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院湖南长沙410081 school of the environment National Centrefor Groundwater Research and TrainingFlinders UniversityAdelaide 5001AU centre for AustralianWeather and Climate research Melbourne 3001AU

利用MUGCM的模拟,云南地区日、月、年时间尺度下降水中稳定同位素的变化、降水量效应以及δD/δ18O之间的关系被分析。无论是在日时间尺度下还是在月、年时间尺度下,降水同位素均存在显著的降水量效应。与实测结果相比,模拟的降水中δ18... 详细信息

利用MUGCM的模拟,云南地区日、月、年时间尺度下降水中稳定同位素的变化、降水量效应以及δD/δ18O之间的关系被分析。无论是在日时间尺度下还是在月、年时间尺度下,降水同位素均存在显著的降水量效应。与实测结果相比,模拟的降水中δ18O与降水量之间具有更强的相关性。对于单站而言,蒙自站和腾冲站的大气水线被较好地模拟。但在思茅站和昆明站,模拟结果未能准确再现实际降水中δD与δ18O的关系,模拟的大气水线斜率比实测结果偏高。这意味着,在云南这个特殊的地区,模式可能高估了HDO的贫化。

关键词：云南稳定同位素模拟降水量效应大气水线

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Unlocking the electrocatalytic activity of natural chalcopyrite using mechanochemistry

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 275-283页

作者： Zhijie Chen Renji Zheng Wenfei Wei Wei Wei Bing-Jie Ni Hong Chen centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW 2007Australia State environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-groundwater Pollution Control Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials(SKLISEM)School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

Manipulating the structure self-reconstruction of transition metal sulfide-based(pre)catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) process is of great interest for developing cost-effective OER catalysts,which remains a central challenge. Here we realize a deep structure self-reconstruction of natural chalcopyrite to unlock its OER performance via mechanochemical activation. Compared with the manually milled counterpart(CuFeS_(2)-HM), the mechanically milled catalyst(CuFeS_(2)-BM) with a reduced crystallinity exhibits a 7.11 times higher OER activity at 1.53 V vs. RHE. In addition, the CuFeS_(2)-BM requires a low overpotential of 243 mV for generating 10 mA cm^(-2) and exhibits good stability over 24 h. Further investigations suggest that the excellent OER performance of CuFeS_(2)-BM mainly originates from the decreased crystallinity induced the in situ deep structure self-reconstruction of the originally sulfides into the electroactive and stable metal(oxy)hydroxide phase(e.g., a-Fe OOH) via S etching under OER conditions. This study demonstrates that regulating the crystallinity of catalysts is a promising design strategy for developing highly efficient OER catalysts via managing the structure self-reconstruction process, which can be further extended to the design of efficient catalysts for other advanced energy conversion devices. In addition, this study unveils the great potentials of engineering abundant natural minerals as cost-effective catalysts for diverse applications.

关键词： Mechanochemistry Crystallinity Oxygen evolution reaction Self-reconstruction Mineral electrocatalysts

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Understanding the role of alloyed Ni and Cu on improving corrosion resistance of low alloy steel in the simulated Beishan groundwater

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第35期130卷 124-135页

作者： Yupeng Sun Xin Wei Junhua Dong Nan Chen Hanyu Zhao Qiying Ren Wei Ke school of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Shenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China environmental Corrosion centre of Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

The corrosion behavior of NiCu low alloy steel and Q235 low carbon steel as the candidate materials for geological disposal containers of high-level radioactive waste in the simulated Beishan groundwater was comparatively studied by weight loss test,electrochemical measurements,scanning electron microscope(SEM),electron probe microanalysis(EPMA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The electrochemical results showed that the corrosion potential of NiCu steel and Q235 steel gradually increased with the immersion ***,the cathodic process transited from hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) control to the rust reduction control,while the anodic process was always dominated by the active dissolution of *** comparison,both the cathodic resistance and the anodic dissolution resistance of NiCu steel corrosion were apparently higher than that of Q235 *** results of rust layer characterization indicated that Ni and Cu elements could be enriched in the inner rust layer of NiCu steel and the rust layer was more *** the main corrosion products,the content of α-FeOOH in the rust layer of NiCu steel was obviously increased more than that of Q235 ***_(6)(OH)_(12)SO_(4)stably existed in the corrosion products of NiCu steel because Ni(Ⅱ) or Cu(Ⅱ)could substitute Fe(Ⅱ) of Fe_(6)(OH)_(12)SO_(4)and increased its oxidation resistance,Moreover,Ni and Cu could also make Fe3O4ionic selective by *** the long-term immersion,the corrosion mass loss of NiCu steel was significantly lower than Q235 steel,which further confirmed the benefits of Ni and Cu alloying on improving the steel corrosion resistance.

关键词： Deep geological disposal Container material groundwater Corrosion behavior Electrochemical measurement

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Effects of Aerobic and Anoxic Conditions on the Corrosion Behavior of NiCu Low Alloy Steel in the Simulated groundwater Solutions

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第5期36卷 745-757页

作者： Xin Wei Yupeng Sun Junhua Dong Nan Chen Qiying Ren Wei Ke Shenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China school of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China environmental Corrosion centre of Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China

The present work focused on investigating the corrosion behavior of NiCu low alloy steel in 0.05 M NaHCO_(3) solutions with different Cl−concentrations under the aerobic–anoxic *** results showed that NiCu steel tended to be pseudo-passivated in the solutions of 0.05 M NaHCO_(3) and 0.05 M NaHCO_(3)+0.01 M NaCl exposed to *** cathodic process transformed from oxygen reduction to the common reduction of oxygen andα-FeOOH,while the anodic process was the iron *** Cl^(−)increased to 0.1 M,the steel tended to be activity *** to the blocking effect of rust layer on the oxygen,the cathodic process transformed to the reduction ofα-*** the solutions were deoxidized,the cathodic process was controlled by only rust ***,both the cathodic process and anodic process of NiCu steel corrosion were significantly *** the whole aerobic–anoxic immersion,the corrosion rate of NiCu steel increased with Cl^(−)*** was not only related to the promotion of Cl^(−)on the anodic dissolution of steel,but also related to the cathodic reduction of moreα-FeOOH generated,which could accelerate the cathodic process.

关键词： Low alloy steel Aerobic-anoxic condition Corrosion behavior Corrosion products Electrochemical measurements

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