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Review on corrosion and corrosion scale formation upon unlined cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 173-189页

作者： Haiya Zhang Dibo Liu Lvtong Zhao Jun Wang Shuguang Xie Shuming Liu Pengfei Lin Xiaojian Zhang Chao Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) TsinghuaSuzhou 215163China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The qualified finished water from water treatment plants(WTPs) may become discolored and deteriorated during transportation in drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs), which affected tap water quality seriously. This water stability problem often occurs due to pipe corrosion and the destabilization of corrosion scales. This paper provides a comprehensive review of pipe corrosion in DWDSs, including corrosion process, corrosion scale formation, influencing factors and monitoring technologies utilized in DWDSs. In terms of corrosion process, corrosion occurrence, development mechanisms, currently applied assays, and indices used to determine the corrosion possibility are summarized, as well as the chemical and bacterial influences. In terms of scale formation, explanations for the nature of corrosion and scale formation mechanisms are discussed and its typical multilayered structure is illustrated. Furthermore, the influences of water quality and microbial activity on scale transformation are comprehensively discussed. Corrosion-related bacteria at the genus level and their associated corrosion mechanism are also summarized. This review helps deepen the current understanding of pipe corrosion and scale formation in DWDSs, providing guidance for water supply utilities to ensure effective measures to maintain water quality stability and guarantee drinking water safety.

关键词： Corrosion Scale formation Water quality stability Drinking water distribution system Iron pipe Water supply safety

AUTOSIM:Automated Urban traffic Operation Simulation via Meta-Learning

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第9期10卷 1871-1881页

作者： Yuanqi Qin Wen Hua Junchen Jin Jun Ge Xingyuan Dai Lingxi Li Xiao Wang Fei-Yue Wang Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou 310030China ECARX Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201811China IEEE Zhejiang Supcon Information Company Ltd. Hangzhou 310052China the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis(IUPUI) IndianapolisIndiana 46202 USA school of Artificial Intelligence Anhui UniversityHefei 230039China

Online traffic simulation that feeds from online information to simulate vehicle movement in real-time has recently seen substantial advancement in the development of intelligent transportation systems and urban traffic *** has been a challenging problem due to three aspects:1)The diversity of traffic patterns due to heterogeneous layouts of urban intersections;2)The nature of complex spatiotemporal correlations;3)The requirement of dynamically adjusting the parameters of traffic models in a real-time *** cater to these challenges,this paper proposes an online traffic simulation framework called automated urban traffic operation simulation via meta-learning(AUTOSIM).In particular,simulation models with various intersection layouts are automatically generated using an open-source simulation tool based on static traffic geometry *** a meta-learning technique,AUTOSIM enables an automated learning process for dynamic model settings of traffic scenarios featured with different spatiotemporal ***,AUTOSIM is capable of adapting traffic model parameters according to dynamic traffic information in real-time by using a *** computational experiments,we demonstrate the effectiveness of the meta-learningbased framework that is capable of providing reliable supports to real-time traffic simulation and dynamic traffic operations.

关键词： Conditional generative adversarial network signalized urban networks short-term link speed prediction

Impact of China's SO_2 Emissions on SO_2 Concentration and Sulfur Deposition in Japan

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2015年第5期6卷 27-32页

作者： Liu Yanyan Cheng Nianliang Li Junjie Luo Yueping Hunan Environmental Monitoring Center Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University school of Geomatics Henan Urban Construction Institute

Based on the monitored data of references, EANET and the CMAQ （4.7.1） model scenado simulations, the annual average concentration of SO2 in China in the recent 10 years and the contribution of China＇s SO2 emissions to SO2 concentration and sulfur deposition at various sites in Japan downwind were analyzed. The results showed that from 2001 to 2009 annual average concentration of SO2 was 0 -150 μg/m^3 and showed a decreasing trend on the whole in China. The correlation coefficient of annual average concentration of SO2 at different sites in Japan and China＇s SO2 emissions was lower than that of annual average concentration and emission of SO2 in China＇s cities on the whole, showing that SO2 discharged in China had small impact on SO2 concentration in Japan. The contribution rate of China＇s SO2 emissions to annual average concentration of SO2 at various sites in Japan in 2010 was 7.5% -44.0%, averaging 22.6% ; the annual average volume concentration of SO2 at different sites in Japan caused by China＇s SO2 emissions was 0 -0.5 × 10^-9. The contribution rate of China＇s SO2 emissions to sulfur deposition at various sites in Japan in 2010 varied from 8.0% to 41.0%, averaging 22.1%.

关键词： Long-distance transportation Trend SO2 Contribution China

Multi-disciplinary Conceptual Design Knowledge of Multi-stage Hybrid Rocket Using Data Mining Technique

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2015年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Masahiro Kanazaki Kazuhisa Chiba Koki Kitagawa Toru Shimada Masashi Nakamiya Department of Aerospace Engineering Graduate School of System Design Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo 191-0065Japan Graduate school of Engineering Hokkaido University of Science Sapporo 006-8585 Japan Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Sagamihara 252-5210 Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

This paper deals with the application of data mining techniques to the conceptual design knowledge for a LV （launch vehicle） with a HRE （hybrid rocket engine）. This LV is a concept of the space transportation, which can deliver micro-satellite to the SSO （sun-synchronous orbit）. To design the higher performance LV with HRE, the optimum size of each component, such as an oxidizer tank containing liquid oxidizer, a combustion chamber containing solid fuel, a pressurizing tank and a nozzle, should be acquired. The Kriging based ANOVA （analysis of variance） and SOM （self-organizing map） are employed as data mining techniques for knowledge discovery. In this study, the paraffin （FT-0070） is used as a propellant of HRE. Then, the relationship among LV performances and design variables are investigated through the analysis and the visualization. To calculate the engine performance, the regression rate is computed based on an empirical expression. The design knowledge is extracted for the design knowledge of the multi-stage LV with HRE by analysis using ANOVA and SOM. As a result, the useful design knowledge on the present design problem is obtained to design HRE for space transportation.

关键词： Hybrid rocket data mining techniques multidisciplinary design

Simulation of long-distance pipeline transportation properties of whole-tailings paste with high sliming

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Journal of Central South University 2018年第1期25卷 141-150页

作者： WU Ai-xiang RUAN Zhu-en WANG Yi-ming YIN Sheng-hua WANG Shao-yong WANG Yong WANG Jian-dong school of Civil&Resources Engineering University of Science&Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines of the Ministry of Education(University of Science&Technology Beijing) Beijing 100083China

Based on Bingham rheological model,a three-dimensional numerical simulation model for long-distance pipeline transportation is established by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to study the pipeline transportationproperties of high sliming paste from a copper mine in *** on the rheological properties test,the pressure and velocity of pipeline and elbow are simulated by CFD under different mass concentrations and different stowing *** results show that the pipeline resistance of whole-tailings paste with high sliming while without pumping agent is much higher than that with high sliming and pumping agent at the same mass concentration,and the pipeline resistance of whole-tailings paste with high sliming while without pumping agent is much higher than that with low sliming while without pumping *** is very important to add pumping agent to whole-tailings paste with high sliming,and the resistance changes with mass concentration and stowing capacity at the same cement-to-sand ratio of1:5and tailings-to-waste ratio of6:***,the change is just limited,that is to say,the paste transportation system is of good ***,at the elbow,the maximum pressure and velocity transfer to the outside of the pipe from the ***,lubricating layer is formed at the pipe wall because of high content of fine particles in whole-tailings paste,which will protect the elbow from *** provides an intuitive and accurate basis for pipeline transportation study,and would have a wider application space in the study of paste rheological properties and resistance reduction methods.

关键词： whole-tailings paste long-distance transportation computational fluid dynamics

Significant performance enhancement of all-inorganic CsPbBr_(3)perovskite solar cells enabled by Nb-doped SnO_(2)as effective electron transport layer

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2021年第4期4卷 671-680页

作者： Ruxin Guo Yan Zhao Yongshang Zhang Quanrong Deng Yonglong Shen Wei Zhang Guosheng Shao State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon&Environmental Materials(CDLCEM) School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute(ZMGI) Building 2ZhongyuanzhiguXingyangZhengzhou 450100China Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China Advanced Technology Institute(ATI) University of SurreyGuildford Surrey GU27XHUK

All-inorganic CsPbBr_(3)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted great attention because of their high chemical and thermal stabilities in ambient ***,the short-circuit current density(J_(sc))of CsPbBr_(3)-based PSCs is inadequate under solar illumination because of the wide bandgap,inefficient charge extraction and recombination loss,leading to lower power-conversion efficiencies(PCEs).It is envisaged that in addition to narrowing the bandgap by alloying,J_(sc)of the PSCs could be enhanced by effective improvement of electron transportation,suppression of charge recombination at the interface between the perovskite and electron transporting layer(ETL),and tuning of the space charge field in the *** this work,Nb-doped SnO_(2)films as ETLs in the CsPbBr_(3)-based PSCs have been deposited at room temperature by high target utilization sputtering(Hi TUS).Through optimizing the Nb doping level alone,the J_(sc)was increased by nearly 19%,from 7.51 to 8.92 mA·cm^(-2)and the PCE was enhanced by 27%from 6.73%to 8.54%.The overall benefit by replacing the spin-coated SnO_(2)with sputtered SnO_(2)with Nb doping was up to 39%increase in J_(sc)and 62%increase in ***,the PCE of the optimized device showed negligible degradation over exposure to ambient environment(T~25°C,RH~45%),with 95.4%of the original PCE being maintained after storing the device for 1200 h.

关键词： sputter Nb-doped SnO_(2) perovskite solar cell short-circuit current density long-term stability

Formation of multifaceted nano-groove structure on rutile TiO_(2) photoanode for efficient electron-hole separation and water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 19-25页

作者： Xiaoyi Zhan Yaling Luo Ziyu Wang Yao Xiang Zheng Peng Yong Han Hui Zhang Ruotian Chen Qin Zhou Hongru Peng Hao Huang Weimin Liu Xin Ou Guijun Ma Fengtao Fan Fan Yang Can Li Zhi Liu State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China school of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech UniversityShanghai 201210China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splitting using solar energy holds great promise for the renewable energy future,and a key challenge in the development of industry viable PEC devices is the unavailability of high-efficient ***,we designed a TiO_(2) model photocatalyst with nano-groove pattern and different surface orientation using low-energy Ar+irradiation and photoetching of TiO_(2),and significantly improved the intrinsic activity for PEC water ***-resolution transmission electron microscopy directly manifests that the grooves consist of highly stepped surface withsteps and *** absorption spectroscopy reveals the groove surface that allows for increased recovery lifetime,which ensures promoted electron-hole separation *** photovoltage directly shows the carrier separation and transportation behaviors,verified by selective photodeposition,demonstrating the groove surface on TiO_(2) contributes to electron-hole *** work proposes an efficient and scalable photoanode strategy,which potentially can open new opportunities for achieving efficient PEC water oxidation performance.

关键词： TiO_(2)nano-grooves Oxygen vacancies Photoetching Water oxidation

Monitoring of Ultrafine Particles in the Surrounding Urban Area of In-Land Passenger Ferries

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第6期10卷 838-860页

作者： Margarida Lopes Ana Russo Célia Gouveia Francisco Ferreira Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering NOVA School of Science and Technology NOVA University of Lisbon Caparica Portugal Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL) Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere Lisbon Portugal Centre for Environmental and Sustainability Research (CENSE) NOVA School of Science and Technology NOVA University of Lisbon Caparica Portugal

Maritime transportation, widely used both in international transport of goods and touristic purposes, has been identified as a significant source of ultrafine particles (UFP). In-land passenger ferry is a source of UFP far less addressed;however, in locations with relatively high frequency of this transportation mode, it is expected that they contribute to an increase of their concentration. Moreover, the negative effects of UFP on human health and environment are known and therefore, monitoring UFP produced by ferries is vital to assess the degree of exposure of who work or live close to ferries’ terminals or downwind to their cruising path. This work aims to study the influence of in-land ferries activities on UFP in the urban/suburban areas near ferries’ terminals and downwind across the cruising path. The UFP monitoring campaign was carried out from September to December 2018 for 19 non-consecutive periods. The sampling sites were chosen in order to maximize measurements under downwind conditions and allow the association between ferry operation and UFP concentration response. Based on data collected, correlation analysis was performed between ferry’s traffic and particle number counting (PNC) of UFP, and also with meteorological variables. Results show an increase in PNC ranging from 25 to 197% during the third minute around a ferry movement and are moderate to positive significant correlations between PNC values and the number of ferry operations (r = 0.79 to r = 0.94), showing that UFP emitted by in-land ferries contributes to PNC increase. Moreover, negative correlations (r = -0.85 to r = -0.93) between PNC and wind intensity were also found.

关键词： Air Pollution PNC In-Land Passenger Ferries Monitoring Campaign Health

Clustering the Stations of Bicycle Sharing System

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2016年第6期33卷 968-972页

作者： SHI Xiao-ying YU Zhen-hai XU Hai-tao HUANG Bin-bin Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi University Hang zhou 310018 China

Bicycle sharing system has emerged as a new mode of transportation in many big cities over the past *** the large number of bicycle stations distribute widely in the city,it is difficult to identify their unique attributes and characteristics *** to the real bicycle hire dataset in Hangzhou,China,the clustering analysis for the bicycle stations based on the temporal flow data was carried out ***,based on the spatial distribution and temporal attributes of calculated clusters,visual diagram and map were used to vividly analyze the bicycle hire behavior related to station category and study the travel rules of *** experimental results demonstrate the relation between human mobility,the time of day,day of week and the station location.

关键词： urban mining human mobility analysis visual analytics bicycle sharing system