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Degradation of iopamidol in the permanganate/sulfite process:Evolution of iodine species and effect on the subsequent formation of disinfection by-products

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第1期135卷 345-352页

作者： Yimin Lin Hongyu Dong Yating Zhu Gongming Zhou Junlian Qiao Xiaohong Guan State Key Laboratory of Pollution control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Environmental science School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Permanganate/sulfite(Mn(VII)/S(IV))process is a promising pre-oxidation technology for sequestering the emerging organic contaminants in drinking water treatment ***(IPM),a representative of iodinated X-ray contrast media,has been widely detected in water sources and has the risk of forming iodinated disinfection byproducts(I-DBPs)in water treatment *** this study,we investigated the evolution of iodine species during the IPM degradation by the Mn(VII)/S(IV)process and its effect on the subsequent formation of I-DBPs during chlorination at pH 7.0 and *** could be effectively degraded in the Mn(VII)/S(IV)process at environmentally relevant pH(pH 7.0 and 8.0).The results of quenching and competitive oxidation kinetic experiments revealed that SO^(·-)_(4)was the major reactive oxidizing species contributing to the degradation of IPM whereas the contributions of HO·and reactive manganese species were negligible in the Mn(VII)/S(IV)process.I–and IO–3were generated while no HOI was detected during the degradation of IPM in the Mn(VII)/S(IV)*** effects of IPM oxidation by Mn(VII)/S(IV)on the subsequent formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products(Cl-DBPs)during chlorination were related to the category of *** pre-oxidation of IPM by Mn(VII)/S(IV)resulted in the generation of I-DBPs during the disinfection process although no I-DBPs were detected if no pre-oxidation was *** finding of this study suggested that attention should be paid to the toxicity of DBPs when water containing iodinated organic contaminants is treated by Mn(VII)/S(IV)process or other pre-oxidation technologies.

关键词： Permanganate/sulfite Iopamidol Sulfate radical Iodinated disinfection byproducts Pre-oxidation

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Bi-Level Bidding and Multi-Energy Retail Packages for Integrated Energy Service Providers Considering Multi-Energy Demand Elasticity

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1761-1774页

作者： Xun Dou Jun Wang Qinran Hu Yang Li College of Electrical engineering and control science Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China school of Electrical engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

How to effectively use the multi-energy demand elasticity of users to bid in the multi-energy market and formulate multi-energy retail packages is an urgent problem which needs to be solved by integrated energy service providers(IESPs)to attract more users and reduce operating *** paper presents a unified clearing of electricity and natural gas based on a bi-level bidding and multi-energy retail price formulation method for IESPs considering multi-energy demand ***,we propose an operating structure of IESPs in the wholesale and retail energy *** multi-energy demand elasticity model of retail-side users and a retail price model for electricity,gas,heat and cooling are ***,a bi-level bidding model for IESPs considering multi-energy demand elasticity is established to provide IESPs with wholesale-side bidding decisions and retail-side energy retail price ***,an example is given to verify the proposed *** results show that the method improves the total social welfare of the electricity and natural gas markets by 7.99%and the profit of IESPs by 1.40%.It can reduce the variance of the electricity,gas,and cooling load curves,especially the reduction of the variance of the electricity load curve can which reach 79.90%.It can be seen that the research in this paper has a positive effect on repairing the limitations of integrated energy trading research and improving the economics of the operation of IESPs.

关键词： Bi-level bidding integrated energy service providers multi-energy demand elasticity multi-energy retail packages unified clearing of electricity and natural gas

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Predicting Traffic Flow Using Dynamic Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolution Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4343-4361页

作者： Yunchang Liu Fei Wan Chengwu Liang school of Computer and Data science Henan University of Urban ConstructionPingdingshan467036China school of Electrical and control engineering Henan University of Urban ConstructionPingdingshan467036China

Traffic flow prediction plays a key role in the construction of intelligent transportation ***,due to its complex spatio-temporal dependence and its uncertainty,the research becomes very *** of the existing studies are based on graph neural networks that model traffic flow graphs and try to use fixed graph structure to deal with the relationship between ***,due to the time-varying spatial correlation of the traffic network,there is no fixed node relationship,and these methods cannot effectively integrate the temporal and spatial *** paper proposes a novel temporal-spatial dynamic graph convolutional network(TSADGCN).The dynamic time warping algorithm(DTW)is introduced to calculate the similarity of traffic flow sequence among network nodes in the time dimension,and the spatiotemporal graph of traffic flow is constructed to capture the spatiotemporal characteristics and dependencies of traffic *** combining graph attention network and time attention network,a spatiotemporal convolution block is constructed to capture spatiotemporal characteristics of traffic *** on open data sets PEMSD4 and PEMSD8 show that TSADGCN has higher prediction accuracy than well-known traffic flow prediction algorithms.

关键词： Intelligent transportation graph convolutional network traffic flow DTW algorithm attention mechanism

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CToMP: a cycle-task-oriented memory protection scheme for unmanned systems

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 399-417页

作者： Chengyan MA Ning XI Di LU Yebo FENG Jianfeng MA school of Cyber engineering Xidian University school of Computer science and Technology Xidian University Department of Computer and Information science University of Oregon

Memory corruption attacks(MCAs) refer to malicious behaviors of system intruders that modify the contents of a memory location to disrupt the normal operation of computing systems, causing leakage of sensitive data or perturbations to ongoing processes. Unlike general-purpose systems, unmanned systems cannot deploy complete security protection schemes, due to their limitations in size, cost and *** in unmanned systems are particularly difficult to defend against. Furthermore, MCAs have diverse and unpredictable attack interfaces in unmanned systems, severely impacting digital and physical sectors. In this paper, we first generalize, model and taxonomize MCAs found in unmanned systems currently, laying the foundation for designing a portable and general defense approach. According to different attack mechanisms,we found that MCAs are mainly categorized into two types — return2libc and return2shellcode. To tackle return2libc attacks, we model the erratic operation of unmanned systems with cycles and then propose a cycle-task-oriented memory protection(CToMP) approach to protect control flows from tampering. To defend against return2shellcode attacks, we introduce a secure process stack with a randomized memory address by leveraging the memory pool to prevent Shellcode from being executed. Moreover, we discuss the mechanism by which CTo MP resists the return-oriented programming(ROP) attack, a novel variant of return2libc attacks. Finally, we implement CTo MP on CUAV V5+ with Ardupilot and Crazyflie. The evaluation and security analysis results demonstrate that the proposed approach CTo MP is resilient to various MCAs in unmanned systems with low footprints and system overhead.

关键词： unmanned system memory corruption attack memory protection system security randomized memory address

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Fairness in machine learning: definition, testing,debugging, and application

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 41-61页

作者： Xuanqi GAO Chao SHEN Weipeng JIANG Chenhao LIN Qian LI Qian WANG Qi LI Xiaohong GUAN Faculty of Electronic and Information engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University school of Cyber science and engineering Wuhan University Institute for Network sciences and Cyberspace Tsinghua University

In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has been widely used in many fields, such as computer vision, natural language processing and autonomous driving. Machine learning algorithms, as the core technique of AI, have significantly facilitated people's lives. However, underlying fairness issues in machine learning systems can pose risks to individual fairness and social security. Studying fairness definitions, sources of problems, and testing and debugging methods of fairness can help ensure the fairness of machine learning systems and promote the wide application of artificial intelligence technology in various fields. This paper introduces relevant definitions of machine learning fairness and analyzes the sources of fairness problems. Besides, it provides guidance on fairness testing and debugging methods and summarizes popular datasets. This paper also discusses the technical advancements in machine learning fairness and highlights future challenges in this area.

关键词： artificial intelligence security machine learning security machine learning fairness model testing model debugging

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Electronic transport evolution across the successive structural transitions in Ni_(50-x)Fe_xTi_(50) shape memory alloys

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第7期33卷 529-536页

作者：何萍杨金颖任秋飒王彬彬吴光恒刘恩克 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China school of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China school of Materials science and engineering University of Science and Technology of BeijingBeijing 100083China

TiNi-based shape memory alloys have been extensively investigated due to their significant applications,but a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of electronic structure and electrical transport in a system with martensitic transformations(MT) is still *** this work,we focused on the electronic transport behavior of three phases in Ni_(50-x)Fe_xTi_(50)across the MT.A phase diagram of Ni_(50-x)Fe_xTi_(50) was established based on x-ray diffraction,calorimetric,magnetic,and electrical *** reveal the driving force of MT,phonon softening was revealed using first-principles ***,the transverse and longitudinal transport behavior changed significantly across the phase transition,which can be attributed to the reconstruction of electronic *** work promotes the understanding of phase transitions and demonstrates the sensitivity of electron transport to phase transition.

关键词： martensitic transformation electronic behavior transport properties first-principles calculations

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Microstructure,elastic/mechanical and thermal properties of CrTaO_(4):A new thermal barrier material?

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第3期13卷 373-387页

作者： Shuang Zhang Xiaohui Wang Chao Zhang Huimin Xiang Yingwei Li Cheng Fang Mingliang Li Hailong Wang Yanchun Zhou school of Materials science and engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China school of Civil engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

CrTaO_(4)(or Cr_(0.5)Ta_(0.5)O_(2))has been unexpectedly found to play a decisive role in improving the oxidation resistance of Cr and Ta-containing refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs).This rarely encountered complex oxide can effectively prevent the outward diffusion of metal cations from the ***,the oxidation kinetics of CrTaO_(4)-forming RHEAs is comparable to that of the well-known oxidation resistant Cr_(2)O_(3)-and Al_(2)O_(3)-forming Ni-based ***,CrTaO_(4)has been ignored and its mechanical and thermal properties have yet to be *** fill this research gap and explore the untapped potential for its applications,here we report for the first time the microstructure,mechanical and thermal properties of CrTaO_(4)prepared by hot-press sintering of solid-state reaction synthesized *** the HAADF and ABF-STEM techniques,rutile crystal structure was confirmed and short range ordering was directly *** addition,segregation of Ta and Cr was ***,CrTaO_(4)exhibits elastic/mechanical properties similar to those of yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ)with Young’s modulus,shear modulus,and bulk modulus of 268,107,and 181 GPa,respectively,and Vickers hardness,flexural strength,and fracture toughness of 12.2±0.44 GPa,142±14 MPa,and 1.87±0.074 MPa·m^(1/2).The analogous elastic/mechanical properties of CrTaO_(4)to those of YSZ has spurred inquiries to lucrative leverage it as a new thermal barrier *** measured melting point of CrTaO_(4)is 2103±20 *** anisotropic thermal expansion coefficients areα_(a)=(5.68±0.10)×10^(-6)K^(-1),α_(c)=(7.81±0.11)×10^(-6)K^(-1),with an average thermal expansion coefficient of(6.39±0.11)×10^(-6)K^(-1).The room temperature thermal conductivity of CrTaO_(4)is 1.31 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)and declines to 0.66 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)at 1473 K,which are lower than most of the currently well-known thermal barrier *** the perspective of matched thermal expansion coefficient,CrTaO_(4)per

关键词： microstructure synthesis thermal conductivity thermal expansion coefficient melting point CrTaO_(4) mechanical and thermal properties

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controllability Gramian-based measures of graph product networks

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 315-331页

作者： Yuequan XIANG Linying XIANG school of Information science and engineering Northeastern University school of Artificial Intelligence Tiangong University

This paper addresses the controllability measures of composite networks based on graph products, in which the graph product networks are either Kronecker product networks or Kronecker sum *** primary objective pursued here is to reveal the controllability Gramian-based measure links between the graph product composite network and its subnetworks. First, the analytical expression of the average controllability for the Kronecker product network is derived by using the corresponding controllability measures of its subnetworks. An upper bound of volumetric control energy is further obtained for the Kronecker product network. Then, the upper bounds are derived for the controllability measures of the Kronecker sum network,which provide a valuable reference for designing controllable networks in practical applications. Finally, the controllability of the Kronecker product network is compared with that of the Kronecker sum network, and it is found that when the subnetworks satisfy certain conditions, the Kronecker product network has better average controllability than the Kronecker sum network.

关键词： composite network graph product controllability Gramian-based measure average controllability control energy

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TiO_(2)-Fe_(2)TiO_(5)heterostructure hollow spheres enable high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries via interfacial engineering

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 4006-4012页

作者： Kai-Tao Liu Hong-Qiang Wang Zhuo Chen Shi-Lin Zhang Ying-Ying Song Fang Liu Qiao-Ling Li Jiao Li school of Materials science and engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255049China College of Chemistry&Environmental science Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China school of Chemical engineering Faculty of SciencesEngineering and TechnologyUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia school of Materials science and engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China

The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides between sulfur cathode and lithium anode is a notorious problem in the commercial application of lithium-sulfur ***,heterostructured TiO_(2)-Fe_(2)TiO_(5)hollow spheres were ... 详细信息

关键词： lithium sulfide (5)

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Magnetic proximity effect in the two-dimensional ε-Fe_(2)O_(3)/NbSe_(2)heterojunction

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 492-497页

作者：车冰玉胡国静朱超郭辉吕森浩刘轩冶吴康赵振潘禄禄祝轲齐琦韩烨超林晓李子安申承民鲍丽宏刘政周家东杨海涛高鸿钧 Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China school of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China school of Materials science and engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore school of Physical science and Technology Guangxi UniversityGuangxi 530004China school of Physics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Two-dimensional(2D)magnet/superconductor heterostructures can promote the design of artificial materials for exploring 2D physics and device applications by exotic proximity ***,plagued by the low Curie temperature and instability in air,it is hard to realize practical applications for the reported layered magnetic materials at *** this paper,we developed a space-confined chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize ultrathin air-stable ε-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanosheets with Curie temperature above 350 *** ε-Fe_(2)O_(3)/NbSe_(2) heterojunction was constructed to study the magnetic proximity effect on the superconductivity of the NbSe_(2) *** electrical transport results show that the subtle proximity effect can modulate the interfacial spin–orbit interaction while undegrading the superconducting critical *** work paves the way to construct 2D heterojunctions with ultrathin nonlayered materials and layered van der Waals(vdW)materials for exploring new physical phenomena.

关键词： two-dimensional heterojunctions magnetic proximity effect non-layered magnetic nanosheet spin-orbit interaction

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