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Chinese Chemical Letters 2014年第6期25卷 953-956页

作者： Qiu-Ping Liu school of pubic policy and management Tsinghua University Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

The pure TiO2 and Fe salts [Fe（C2O4）3,5H2O]-doped TiO2 electrodes were prepared by the hydrothermal method. The pure TiO2 or Fe-doped TiO2 slurry was coated onto the fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate by the Doctor Blade method and then sintered at 450 ℃. The Mott-Schottks, plot indicates that the fiat band potential of TiO2 was shifted positively after Fe-doped TiO2. The positive shift of the fiat band potential improves the driving force of injected electrons from the LUMO of the dye to the conduction band of TiO2. This study shows that photovoltaic efficiency increased by 22.9% from 6.07% to 7.46% compared to pure TiO2, and the fill factors increased from 0.53 to 0.63.

关键词： Dye sensitized solar cells Titanium dioxide Fe-doped film Photovoltaic performance Flat band potential

Allocating Fixed Costs with Considering the Return to Scale: A DEA Approach

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2016年第5期29卷 1320-1341页

作者： DAI Qianzhi LI Yongjun LIANG Liang school of management University of Science and Technology of China Institute of policy and management Chinese Academy of Sciences

When the allocated fixed cost is treated as the complement of other costs, conventional data envelopment analysis （DEA） researches have ignored the effect of the return to scale （RTS） in fixed cost Mlocation problems. This paper first demonstrates why the RTS should be considered in fixed cost allocation problems. Then treating the fixed cost as a complementary input, the authors investigate the relationship between the allocated cost and the variable return to scale （VRS） efficiency based on the super BCC DEA model. However, the infeasibility problem may exist in this situation. To deal with it, the authors propose an algorithm. The authors find that the super BCC efficiency is a monotone non-increasing function of the allocated cost. Based on the relationship, the authors finMly propose a fixed cost allocation approach in terms of principles as：（i） The fixed cost proportion allocated to inelastic DMUs should be consistent with their consumed cost proportion, and （ii） the same efficiency satisfaction degree to the rest DMUs. The optimal allocation scheme is unique. A numerical example and a real example of allocating fixed costs among 13 subsidiaries are employed to illustrate the proposed approach.

关键词： Data envelopment analysis (DEA) fixed cost allocation infeasibility return to scale(RTS).

Differential Approximation Algorithm of FSMVRP

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2015年第4期31卷 1091-1102页

作者： Yu-zhen HU Bao-guang XU Institute of policy and management Chinese Academy of Sciences school of Economics and management Harbin Engineering University

Abstract We study the fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with constraints on the capacity of each vehicle. The objective is to minimize the total cost including fixed utilization cost of vehicles and traveling cost by vehicles. We give differential approximation algorithms for the fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem （FSMVRP） with two kinds of vehicles, the capacities of which are respectively nlk and n2k, n2 〉 nl ≥ 1, k ≥ 1. Using existing theories for vehicle routing problems and feature of the algorithms represented in the paper, we also prove that the algorithms give（1-6n＋3/（n＋1）2k＋n＋1）differential approximation ratio for （k, nk） VRP, n 〉 1and （1-6n2＋3n/n1k＋n2k）2k）differential approximation ratio for （nlk, n2k）VRP, n2 〉 nl 〉 1.

关键词： FSMVRP differential approximation ratio approximation algorithm

Multiperiod Optimal Allocation of Emergency Resources in Support of Cross-Regional Disaster Sustainable Rescue

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第3期12卷 394-409页

作者： Yanyan Wang school of Public policy and management Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Cross-regional allocation is necessary for the rational utilization and optimal allocation of *** is also the key to effective and sustainable disaster *** research,however,generally centers on emergency resource allocation only within territories or *** article proposes a multiperiod allocation optimization model for emergency resources based on regional selfrescue and cross-regional collaborative rescue *** model targets the shortest delivery time and lowest allocation costs as its efficiency goals and the maximum coverage rate of resource allocation in the disaster-affected locations as its equity *** objective weighting fuzzy algorithm based on two-dimensional Euclidean distance is designed to solve the proposed model.A case study based on the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008 was conducted to validate the proposed *** results indicate that our proposed model allows for optimal,multiperiod cross-regional resource allocation by combining interterritorial and nearby allocation ***-regional relief makes resource allocation more equitable,minimizes dissatisfaction,and prevents *** decision preferences appear to significantly affect the choice of resource allocation scheme employed,which provides flexibility for decision making in different emergencies.

关键词： Cross-regional collaborative rescue Efficiency and equity Emergency resource allocation Multiperiod allocation Wenchuan Earthquake

Assessing the potential of crop residue recycling in China and technology options based on a bottom-up model

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第4期8卷 570-579页

作者： Lili QU Tianzhu ZHANG Wei LU Institute of Environmental management and policy School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Crop residues are an important biomass, and are significant in the sustainable development of China. This paper uses the Grey-Markov modeling approach, the cost-benefit analysis method, and the constraint optimiza- tion method to establish the potential of crop residue recycling in China （CRRC） using a bottom-up analysis. Taking 2010 as the baseline year, the CRRC model is used to determine the quantity trends of crop residue resources, simulating the recycling potential and selecting key crop residue recycling technologies for operation between 2010 and 2030. The results illustrate that the total residue output from different crops will gradually increase to 1062 million tons in 2030. The proportion of crop residue for field burning is expected to decrease as a result of guidance and support from the government. Market mechanisms are also improving the development of the crop residue recycling industry. The economic benefit of crop residue recycling is expected to be worth 132 billion CNY in 2030 according to technology structure options. Key crop residue recycling technologies preferred such as liquefaction, amination, silo, co-firing straw power and composting will account for more than 85% of the total benefits.

关键词： China crop residue recycling potential technology options

Do community responses influence OSS contributor retention? A survival analysis

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 331-333页

作者： Zhe WANG Zhixing LI Yue YU school of Public policy and management Tsinghua University College of Computer National University of Defense Technology

Open source software(OSS) projects usually employ a community-based model, where geographically distributed developers from around the world collaborate online [1].With the rise of social coding sites like Git Hub, contributing to OSS projects has become easier and more accessible, motivating many developers to join the OSS community [2]. The continued submission of high-quality contributions from these community developers has led to numerous corrections, improvements, and innovations in many successful OSS projects [1, 2].

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Ray Wu's Golden Rules:How he achieved greatness in work,and in life

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第2期52卷 101-107页

作者： Albert W. Wu Christina C. Wu Diana K. Sugg Health policy and management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg school of Public Health

Overview When Ray Wu passed away on February 10, 2008, he was 79, working full-time in his lab at Cornell University, and was at or near the top of his long and noteworthy career. He had developed the first method for DNA sequencing and pioneered recombinant DNA technology. He had identified key genes related to stress tolerance in plants and was poised to apply these to boost crop yields of rice and

关键词： work Figure

Which sectors should be covered by the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism?

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第6期14卷 952-962页

作者： Bo-Qiang LIN Heng-Song ZHAO school of management China Institute for Studies in Energy PolicyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

The European Union(EU)is developing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)to address carbon leakage in international ***,the EU has paid inadequate attention to input-output linkages,specifically those in the steel,aluminum,and fertiliser *** study aims to identify priority sectors eligible for initial regulation within the emissions-intensive trade-exposed(EITE)industries based on input-output linkages and compare its impacts with the current CBAM sector *** study constructs a Global Production Network(GPN)and Carbon Flow Network(CFN)to present the input trade and embodied carbon flows for the EITE *** study highlights the role of the EITE industries as influential nodes in the production network and how the EITE industries in the EU contribute to carbon *** improve the economy and political acceptability,CABM should cover four priority sectors with low economic impacts but a crucial role in reducing emissions,such as plastics,phosphorus fertiliser,aluminum,and copper industry.

关键词： Carbon Border Adjustment mechanism Input-output analysis Hypothetical extraction method Production network Embodied carbon emissions

China CDC Weekly:Bridging the Global and Chinese Public Health Communities

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China CDC weekly 2019年第3期1卷 43-44页

作者： Xi Chen Yale school of Public Health China Health policy and management Society

I would like to offer my hearty congratulations and gratitude for the inaugural publishing of China CDC Weekly,a timely platform for disseminating public health advances,enhancing public awareness,catalyzing scalable ... 详细信息

关键词： Pioneer CDC publishing

China's Energy Reduction policy System:Outcomes and Responses of Local Governments

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China & World Economy 2014年第3期22卷 56-78页

作者： Yuzhe Wang Jing Zhao Cheryl S.F.Chi school of Public policy and management Tsinghua University school of Economics and management Tongji University

The paper examines the outcomes of and responses to the policy system （the ＂obligatory indicator system＂） used by the Chinese central government to induce provincial governments to meet energy-saving targets during the llth Five Year Plan. The institutional mechanisms underlying the policy system that promotes implementation of energy saving are identified. An analytical framework is developed to identify the strategic responses of provincial governments and the factors shaping their responses. Comprehensive sets of provincial data on economic and energy performance are collected and analyzed. The findings indicate that the central government ＇s credible commitment to implement the policy system drove the initially disparate attitudes of provinces to a converged outcome. However, the outcome is significantly constrained by provinces ＇ initial energy intensity. In particular, provincial governments have applied strategies of ceremonial implementation, efficiency-oriented efforts and effectiveness-focused efforts to attain specific targets. This paper discusses the implications in comparison with the modified obligatory indicator system in the 12th Five Year Plan and offers policy suggestions accordingly.

关键词： energy saving obligatory indicator system policy implementation