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Celastrol activates caspase-3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis in tumor cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress Author links open overlay panel

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第3期11卷 330-339页

作者： Jiajian Guo Dongxiao Cui Yuping Tang Sanjiao Wang Cuiyan Ma Wenfu Ma school of Life Sciences Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 102488China Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXi'an 712046China school of Literature and history Mianyang Teachers'CollegeMianyang 621000China

Objective To investigate the pyroptosis-inducing effects of celastrol on tumor cells and to explore the potential mechanisms involved,specifically focusing on the role of the caspase-3/gasdermin E(GSDME)signaling pathway and the impact of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and *** Necrostatin-1(Nec-1),lactate dehydrogenase release(LDH)assay,and Hoechst/propidium iodide(PI)double staining were employed to validate the mode of cell *** blot was used to detect the cleavage of GSDME and the expression of light chain 3(LC3)and *** Celastrol induced cell swelling with large bubbles,which is consistent with the pyroptotic ***,treatment with celastrol induced GSDME cleavage,indicating the activation of GSDME-mediated *** knockout via CRISPR/Cas9 blocked the pyroptotic morphology of celastrol in HeLa *** addition,cleavage of GSDME was attenuated by a specific caspase-3 inhibitor in celastrol-treated cells,suggesting that GSDME activation was induced by ***,celastrol induced endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and autophagy in HeLa cells,and other ER stress inducers produced effects consistent with those of *** These findings suggest that celastrol triggers caspase-3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis via activation of ER stress,which may shed light on the potential antitumor clinical applications of celastrol.

关键词： Celastrol Tumor cells Pyroptosis GSDME Caspase-3 Endoplasmic reticulum stress stress Cell death Traditional Chinese medicine

Historical pearls of the European medical school related to the acute articular rheumatism from the Renaissance to the 20^(th) century

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history & philosophy of Medicine 2024年第4期6卷 24-28页

作者： Evangelia Mourellou Gregory Tsoucalas Department of the history of Medicine and Medical Deontology School of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion 71003Greece

Acute articular rheumatism(AAR)primarily affects children aged 5 to 15,causing fever and non-suppurative arthritis,and can lead to severe heart problems such as mitral stenosis and aortic *** of early years by Hippocrates and Galen were expanded in a in the 19^(th) century by Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud,who linked AAR to heart *** exploration of the historical development of AAR can be beneficial to further medical *** period between Renaissance and mid-20^(th) century unveiled a series of hallmarks in diagnosis,symptomatology,feverous attacks and *** research method,a documentary research related to the *** great importance concerning AAR’s understanding are Hippocrates’early descriptions,Jerome Cardan’s Renaissance distinction between“morbus articularis”and podagral(gout),and Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud’s 19^(th)-century linkage of AAR to heart ***,contributions from Théodore-Hermann Meynet,Louis Bard,and Edmond Weill were pivotal in clarifying the clinical and cardiac aspects of the *** 19^(th) century new diagnostic factors like visceral lesions and clearer understanding of chemical and mineral drugs supplied novel *** the 20^(th) century,research in the United States confirmed the streptococcal cause of AAR,marking an advancement of great significance in the understanding the cause of AAR,as well as its *** since the ancient times AAR has been *** nominations described the disease,while gradually physicians understood the causes and the nature of the disease,as philosophical physiology gave space to clinical anatomy and medical science of the mechanized *** made during the last centuries aided in AAR further *** comprehension of the evolution of AAR is crucial in order to appreciate its current medical perspective and treatment.

关键词： Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud podagral gout streptococcus heart lesion

Evolution of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Policies in China:A Grounded Theory Approach

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China CDC weekly 2024年第1期6卷 12-22页

作者： Huang Li Rui Gao Chichen Zhang school of Public Health Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina school of Health Management Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of Health Management Policy and Precision Health Service Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Graduate school Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou CityJiangsu ProvinceChina school of Political Science and Public Administration Soochow UniversitySuzhou CityJiangsu ProvinceChina

Objective:This study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the development and practical application of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)prevention and control policy systems in China by scrutinizing,analyzing,and synthesizing the evolution of Chinese policies in this ***:Utilizing grounded theory,we employed NVivo12 software to perform text content analysis,mining,and coding classification,along with visualization techniques,on policy texts sourced from Chinese government platforms,including the official website of China’s State *** considered four analytical dimensions—time,subject,type,and ***:The National Health Commission and the State Council emerged as the primary entities engaged in policymaking for HIV/AIDS in *** identified four distinct stages in the evolution of these policies,culminating in a novel‘sun-shaped’HIV/AIDS prevention and control policy network model with an emphasis on‘knowledge,attitude,and practice’at its nucleus,which aligns with national conditions and societal ***,the focal groups of these policies have been dynamically refined and updated over ***:Our findings introduce a‘sunshaped’HIV/AIDS prevention and control policy network model specific to *** observed a conceptual policy shift towards prioritizing overall human health rather than confining the focus to disease ***,in light of China’s growing elderly population,the imperative to address HIV/AIDS prevention and control among older adults is an issue that warrants increased attention.

关键词： prevention HIV/AIDS policy

Selective Technology Importation and the Convergence in the Late Qing Dynasty: Evidence from Wired Telegraph

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China Economist 2024年第5期19卷 117-136页

作者： Jiao Yinyi Cai Meng Center for Economic Research Shandong UniversityJinanChina school of history and Culture Shandong Normal UniversityJinanChina

Using the adoption and expansion of wired telegraph in China during the late 19^(th) century,this paper investigates the effect of cost reductions for knowledge exchange on China’s industrial growth before the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression(1931-1945),thus testing Baldwin’s theory of“the Great Convergence”in which developing countries are empowered by information and communication *** on panel data of 1858-1937,we found that wired telegraph access had a significantly positive effect,as well as a long-term growth effect,on the entry of industrial *** mechanism analysis indicates that wired telegraph access accelerated early-stage industrialization in localities by encouraging market integration,human capital accumulation,and auxiliary commercial *** a few countries firmly asserted their telegraph sovereignty and set up their own workforce educational system during telegraph *** explains why the Great Convergence arising from technology importation only occurred in a small number of *** findings contribute to understanding the source of China’s modern industrial progress,as well as why global inequities remain.

关键词： wired telegraph entry of industrial enterprises the Great Convergence human capital

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Environmental Change and Human Occupation during Late Pleistocene in Hunan Province， South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Aipeng Guo Longjiang Mao Yiyuan Li Haicheng Lai Jiafu Zhang Duowen Mo school of Marine Science， Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Hunan Institute of Archaeology Institute of Scientific and Technical history， Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences， Peking University

The Paleolithic sites in South China have caused controversy regarding human behaviors in response to the rapidly shifting environment of the late Pleistocene. However， chronometric and high-resolution proxies are absent from interpreting the paleoenvironmental evolution. Here we present the chronology， grain size parameters， and geochemical elements records from the Hejialing (HJL) site in South China to reveal the crucial aspects of environmental evolution， and human occupation. The geochemical record shows that during MIS 5e–5a， northern Hunan experienced the influence of summer monsoon and maintained a warm and humid climate. The laterite layer began to develop. During MIS 4， the climate transitioned to dry and cold state， leading to the attraction of hominins to the HJL area due to the abundant water and lithic raw material resources， resulting in their establishment of a short-term camp. The HJL site was primarily inhabited by hunter-gatherer societies within a forested environment. From MIS 4 to MIS 2， Hunan experienced a prolonged period of dry and cold climatic conditions， with a brief rainfall recovery occurring in late MIS 3. Diminished vegetation and resource availability compelled human populations to broaden their activities and undertake migrations. The HJL site was abandoned amid the arid phase of MIS 2. The HJL area gradually became buried beneath eolian dust deposition (EM1) from distant sources and riverine dust from nearby sources (EM2)， and the site was informed. In MIS 1， During MIS 1， the climate shifted to a warm and humid state， marking the emergence of early agricultural practices. As an essential part of South China， the environmental evolution process and diverse survival strategies employed by hominins in Hunan are vital for explaining how the paleoenvironment drove human occupation during the Late Pleistocene.

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The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： Paul B.Wignall David P.G.Bond school of Earth & Environment University of Leeds school of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(history is found in northern Boreal latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

Burril-Bernard Crohn(1884-1983)and the disease which bears his name

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history & philosophy of Medicine 2024年第4期6卷 16-23页

作者： Georgios Androutsos Konstantinos Laios Pavlos Lytsikas-Sarlis Evangelia Mourellou Constantinos Georgios Zografos Gregory Tsoucalas Marianna Karamanou school of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Department of history of Medicine and Medical Ethics School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Graduate school of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Department of the history of Medicine and Medical Deontology School of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion 71003Greece Surgery Department School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Background:Crohn’s disease,described by *** Crohn and his colleagues in 1932,continues to be of great research and clinical *** was initially perceived as a distinct condition and it has evolved since into a complex disease,with debates still going regarding its classification and *** though more that 80 years of research have passed,numerous significant questions regarding the disease’s causes and best possible treatment strategies still ***:This article reviews both historical and contemporary perspectives on Crohn’s disease,including its initial description,the research developments that happened in the years to follow,as well as the way it is regarded *** refers to notable contributions from medical figures,such as *** and his colleagues,examines related advances made in medical research and mentions the challenges and the treatment strategies that are still being ***:This article highlights the evolution of Crohn’s disease from a distinct condition to a more heterogeneous ***,it refers to advancements made in medical research,such as the identification of CARD15(NOD2)gene mutations and the role of dysbiosis,and it examines current therapeutic ***:Even though significant progress has been made since the initial description of Chron’s disease,there is no definitive cure,even though it has been determined that genetic and environmental factors are of great *** ongoing research could possibly lead to future discoveries and therefore aid in the discovery of efficient management and treatment of Crohn’s disease.

关键词： regional ileitis granulomatous inflammation endoscopic evaluation historical figures

Source localization in signed networks with effective distance

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 577-585页

作者：马志伟孙蕾丁智国黄宜真胡兆龙 Zhejiang Normal University School of Computer Science and TechnologyJinhua 321004China Shanghai Business school School of Business and EconomicsShanghai 200235China Jinhua Polytechnic School of Information EngineeringJinhua 321016China

While progress has been made in information source localization,it has overlooked the prevalent friend and adversarial relationships in social *** paper addresses this gap by focusing on source localization in signed network *** the topological characteristics of signed networks and transforming the propagation probability into effective distance,we propose an optimization method for observer ***,by using the reverse propagation algorithm we present a method for information source localization in signed *** experimental results demonstrate that a higher proportion of positive edges within signed networks contributes to more favorable source localization,and the higher the ratio of propagation rates between positive and negative edges,the more accurate the source localization ***,this aligns with our observation that,in reality,the number of friends tends to be greater than the number of adversaries,and the likelihood of information propagation among friends is often higher than among *** addition,the source located at the periphery of the network is not easy to ***,our proposed observer selection method based on effective distance achieves higher operational efficiency and exhibits higher accuracy in information source localization,compared with three strategies for observer selection based on the classical full-order neighbor coverage.

关键词： complex networks signed networks source localization effective distance

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The Conceptual Transformation of“National Language”and the Initial Construction of National Common Language at the End of Qing Dynasty

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Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies 2024年第1期3卷 86-127页

作者： Xingtao HUANG Juan HUANG Lin WANG(Translator) Renmin University of China BeijingChina Chinese Academy of history BeijingChina Department of English School of Foreign StudiesMinzu University of China

At the end of Qing Dynasty(1864-1911),the traditional concept of"national language"underwent a modern transformation,which began to refer to the common language of the *** conceptual change was stimulated by both Japanese thought and *** construction of the national common language formally started with the promulgation and implementation of the"Gui-Mao school system,"accelerated by the opening of the preparatory constitution,and began in its early practice through the enactment of the Statutes for the Establishment of schools in the Mongolian,Tibetan and Hui Areas and the Decision of the Central Educational Conference of the Ministry of Education on the Unification of the State *** construction was always led by the court,jointly promoted by people from the government and the folk,and Manchu,Mongolian,and Han officials inclining the *** not only can be regarded as one of the important contents of the New Deal and Constitutional Movement at the end of Qing Dynasty that has been neglected,but also the result of the long-term implementation of the official language by the Qing court and the increasing role of the Chinese language in the country's domestic and foreign *** had an important impact on the emergence and early development of the consciousness of the modern Chinese nation.

关键词： national language official language common language consciousness of the modern Chinese nation