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Impact of climate change on food security in the Central Asian countries

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第1期67卷 268-280页

作者： Fang SU Yu LIU Lvfan CHEN Rustam OROZBAEV Liangcheng TAN school of Economics and management Northwest UniversityXi’an 710127China school of Economics and management Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710021China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Institute of Geology National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz RepublicBishkek 720040Kyrgyzstan Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

The current and potential impacts of global warming have generated widespread concerns about food security among all sectors of *** Asian countries located deep in the interior of Asia with fragile ecological environments and lower agricultural technology are particularly more prone to severe threats from climate *** on panel data acquired in five Central Asian countries from 1990 to 2019,a C-D-C model was developed to study how climate change affects food security in the region and to predict future *** study found that the level of food security has generally increased for these five Central Asian countries over the past 30 years,with Kazakhstan and Tajikistan having the highest and lowest food security levels,*** average annual temperature and precipitation exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship with the region’s food security,with the most positive effect on the food security of *** high and low temperatures have significantly affected food security in the studied region,with Turkmenistan experiencing the most significant negative *** number of frost days had no significant effect on food *** analysis of future climate showed that the temperature and precipitation in Central Asia will continue to increase from 2030 to 2090,which will negatively impact the food security of these *** is recommended that the Central Asian countries enhance their understanding of climate risks,strengthen scientific climate research,and develop multiple adaptation strategies in ***,they are encouraged to consolidate international cooperation,reducing greenhouse gas emissions effectively and maintaining the ability to ensure food security.

关键词： Global warming Extreme climate Food security Future forecasts Five Central Asian countries

Preliminary geological interpretation of long-wavelength magnetic anomalies over China and surrounding regions

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第3期8卷 445-458页

作者： Jie Wang YanYan Yang ZhiMa Zeren Jian Wang Xin Wang YuXin Luo XuHui Shen National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China school of Emergency management Science and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Long-wavelength(>500 km)magnetic anomalies originating in the lithosphere were first found in satellite magnetic *** to the striking magnetic anomalies around the world,the long-wavelength magnetic anomalies in China and surrounding regions are relatively *** research on each of these anomalies has been quite inadequate;their geological origins remain unclear,in particular their connection to tectonic activity in the Chinese and surrounding *** focus on six magnetic high anomalies over the(1)Tarim Basin,(2)Sichuan Basin(3)Great Xing’an Range,(4)Barmer Basin,(5)Central Myanmar Basin,and(6)Sunda and Banda Arcs,and a striking magnetic low anomaly along the southern part of the Himalayan-Tibetan *** have analyzed their geological origins by reviewing related research and by detailed comparison with geological *** tectonic backgrounds for these anomalies belong to two cases:either ancient basin basement,or subduction-collision ***,the geological origins of large-scale regional magnetic anomalies are always subject to dispute,mainly because of limited surface exposure of sources,later tectonic destruction,and superposition of multi-phase events.

关键词： long-wavelength magnetic anomaly lithospheric magnetic anomaly lithospheric magnetic field model satellite magnetic survey CSES

New roles of research data infrastructure in research paradigm evolution

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2024年第2期9卷 104-119页

作者： Yizhan Li Lu Dong Xiaoxiao Fan Ren Wei Shijie Guo Wenzhen Ma Zexia Li National Library Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Information Resources management School of Economics and ManagementUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Bureau of Facility Support and Budget Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100864China

research data infrastructures form the cornerstone in both cyber and physical spaces,driving the progression of the data-intensive scientific research *** opinion paper presents an overview of global research data infrastructure,drawing insights from national roadmaps and strategic documents related to research data *** emphasizes the pivotal role of research data infrastructures by delineating four new missions aimed at positioning them at the core of the current scientific research and communication *** four new missions of research data infrastructures are:(1)as a pioneer,to transcend the disciplinary border and address complex,cutting-edge scientific and social challenges with problem-and data-oriented insights;(2)as an architect,to establish a digital,intelligent,flexible research and knowledge services environment;(3)as a platform,to foster the high-end academic communication;(4)as a coordinator,to balance scientific openness with ethics needs.

关键词： research data infrastructure Landscape Data-centric Problem-oriented

research on Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of China's Carbon Emissions

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2024年第2期12卷 161-190页

作者： Likang ZHANG Jichang DONG Zhi DONG school of Economics and management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China

This paper studies the regional differences,dynamic evolution and influencing factors of regional carbon emission intensity(CEI)in 262 cities and 5 regional urban agglomerations(UAs)in *** Dagum Gini coefficient is used to analyze the intra-regional and inter-regional differences in carbon emissions,and the temporal evolution of the absolute differences of CEI among regions is analyzed by means of kernel density estimation(KDE).The paper provides an in-depth study on the spatial difference and temporal evolution of CEI in Chinese cities and major strategic *** Moran index and LISA’s test,the spatial correlation of carbon emission in prefecture-level cities is tested,and its spatial agglomeration characteristics are *** is found that China’s CEI is decreasing year by year,presenting a spatial pattern of“low in the south but high in the north”.Based on the calculation of carbon emission intensity at the urban level,this paper conducts LDMI factor decomposition research on carbon emission intensity at the national and key regions,and analyzes the impact of the impact factors on carbon emission *** research results provide a path for China’s green development at the city level and urban agglomeration level,and a theoretical support for different regions and cities to introduce emission and carbon reduction policies.

关键词： carbon emission intensity regional differences industrial structure

A probe into the acid deposition mitigation path in China over the last four decades and beyond

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 84-92页

作者： Qian Yu Xiaodong Ge Haotian Zheng Jia Xing Lei Duan Dongwei Lv Dian Ding Zhaoxin Dong Yisheng Sun Posch Maximilian Danni Xie Yu Zhao Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jan Mulder Thorj?rn Larssen Jiming Hao State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control &Resource Reuse and school of the Environment Nanjing University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex School of EnvironmentTsinghua University International Institute for Applied System Analysis(IIASA) school of Land Engineering Chang'an University Faculty of Environmental sciences and Natural Resource management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Norwegian Institute for Water research

China currently has the highest acid deposition globally, yet research on its status, impacts, causes and controls is lacking. Here, we compiled data and calculated critical loads regarding acid deposition. The results showed that the abatement measures in China have achieved a sharp decline in the emissions of acidifying pollutants and a continuous recovery of precipitation p H, despite the drastic growth in the economy and energy consumption. However, the risk of ecological acidification and eutrophication showed no significant decrease. With similar emission reductions, the decline in areas at risk of acidification in China(7.0%) lags behind those in Europe(20%) or the USA(15%). This was because, unlike Europe and the USA, China's abatement strategies primarily target air quality improvement rather than mitigating ecological impacts. Given that the area with the risk of eutrophication induced by nitrogen deposition remained at 13%of the country even under the scenario of achieving the dual targets of air quality and carbon dioxide mitigation in 2035, we explored an enhanced ammonia abatement pathway. With a further 27% reduction in ammonia by 2035, China could largely eliminate the impacts of acid deposition. This research serves as a valuable reference for China's future acid deposition control and for other nations facing similar challenges.

关键词： acid deposition critical loads acidification eutrophication ammonia abatement

Instance Segmentation of Characters Recognized in Palmyrene Aramaic Inscriptions

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2869-2889页

作者： Adéla Hamplová Alexey Lyavdansky TomášNovák Ondrej Svojše David Franc Arnošt Veselý Czech University of Life sciences in Prague(CULS) Faculty of Economics and ManagementDepartment of Information EngineeringPrague16500Czech Republic National research University Higher school of Economics(HSE) Faculty of HumanitiesInstitute for Oriental and Classical StudiesMoscow101000The Russian Federation

This study presents a single-class and multi-class instance segmentation approach applied to ancient Palmyrene inscriptions,employing two state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms,namely YOLOv8 and Roboflow *** goal is to contribute to the preservation and understanding of historical texts,showcasing the potential of modern deep learning methods in archaeological *** research culminates in several key findings and scientific *** comprehensively compare the performance of YOLOv8 and Roboflow 3.0 in the context of Palmyrene character segmentation—this comparative analysis mainly focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm in this *** also created and annotated an extensive dataset of Palmyrene inscriptions,a crucial resource for further research in the *** dataset serves for training and evaluating the segmentation *** employ comparative evaluation metrics to quantitatively assess the segmentation results,ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of our findings and we present custom visualization tools for predicted segmentation *** study advances the state of the art in semi-automatic reading of Palmyrene inscriptions and establishes a benchmark for future *** availability of the Palmyrene dataset and the insights into algorithm performance contribute to the broader understanding of historical text analysis.

关键词： Optical character recognition instance segmentation Palmyrene ancient languages computer vision

Quantifying the Temporal and Spatial Spread of COVID-19:Empirical Evidence from Shanghai

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2024年第3期12卷 309-322页

作者： Haowen BAO Zishu CHENG Yuying SUN Yongmiao HONG Shouyang WANG Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China school of Economics and management and MOE Social Science Laboratory of Digital Economic Forecasts and Policy SimulationUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China school of Entrepreneurship and management ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

The worldwide spread of COVID-19 has caused a grave threat to human life, health, and socio-economic development. It is of great significance to study the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 and evaluate the effect of epidemic prevention policies. This paper employs a spatial dynamic panel data(SDPD) model to analyze the temporal and spatial spread of COVID-19, incorporating the time-varying features of epidemic transmission and the impact of geographic *** studies on the COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai during early 2022 show that the intra-regional transmission of COVID-19 dominated the cross-regional one. Additionally, strict policies are found to effectively reduce the transmission risk of COVID-19 and curb the spillover effect of the epidemic in Shanghai on other regions. Based on these results, we provide three policy suggestions. Furthermore,this research methodology can be extended to investigate other infectious diseases, thereby providing a scientific framework and theoretical basis for evaluating the spread risk of pandemics and formulating appropriate strategies.

关键词： COVID-19 spatial econometrics epidemic prevention policy dynamic

Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of atmospheric iron-containing single particles in Lhasa,Tibet

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第7期141卷 40-50页

作者： Junyu Chen Daobin Zhang Yiran Fu Jinhu Wang Xiaomei Cui Ci-ren Qu-zong Qiangying Zhang Chan Jin Bu Duo school of Ecology and Environment Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The Tibetan Plateau,known as the“Third Pole”,is currently in a state of perturbation caused by intensified human *** this study,56 samples were obtained at the five sampling sites in typical area of Lhasa city and their physical and chemical properties were investigated by TEM/EDS,STXM,and NEXAFS *** careful examination of 3387single particles,the results showed that Fe should be one of the most frequent metal *** Fe-containing single particles in irregular shape and micrometer size was about7.8%and might be mainly from local ***,the Fe was located on the subsurface of single particles and might be existed in the form of iron ***,the core-shell structure of iron-containing particles were about 38.8%and might be present as single-,dual-or triple-core shell structure and multi-core shell structure with the Fe/Si ratios of 17.5,10.5,2.9 and 1.2,***,iron and manganese were found to coexist with identical distributions in the single particles,which might induce a synergistic effect between iron and manganese in catalytic ***,the solid spherical structure of Fe-containing particles without an external layer were about 53.4%.The elements of Fe and Mn were co-existed,and might be presented as iron oxide-manganese oxide-silica ***,the ferrous and ferric forms of iron might be *** information can be valuable in expanding our understanding of Fe-containing particles in the Tibetan Plateau atmosphere.

关键词： Fe-containing single particle Irregular shape Core-shell structure Solid spherical structure Transmission electron microscopy Synchrotron X-ray microscopy

Recent updates on nano-phyto-formulations based therapeutic intervention for cancer treatment

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Oncology research 2024年第1期32卷 19-47页

作者： ABHISHEK WAHI MAMTA BISHNOI NEHA RAINA MEGHNA AMRITA SINGH PIYUSH VERMA PIYUSH KUMAR GUPTA GINPREET KAUR HARDEEP SINGH TULI MADHU GUPTA Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical SciencesDelhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University(DPSRU)Pushp ViharNew Delhi110017India Department of Pharmaceutical sciences Gurugram UniversityHaryana122003India Department of Life sciences Sharda School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater NoidaUttar Pradesh201310India Department of Biotechnology Graphic Era(Deemed to be University)DehradunUttarakhand248002India Department of Pharmacology Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy&Technology ManagementSVKM’s NMIMSVile Parle(West)Mumbai400056India Department of Bio-sciences and Technology Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering CollegeMaharishi Markandeshwar(Deemed to be University)MullanaAmbala133207India

Cancer is a leading cause of death globally,with limited treatment options and several *** agents often result in toxicity which long-term conventional *** are natural constituents that are more effective in treating various diseases with less toxicity than the chemotherapeutic agents providing alternative therapeutic approaches to minimize the *** phytoconstituents act in several ways and deliver optimum effectiveness against ***,the effectiveness of phyto-formulations in the management of cancers may be constrained due to challenges related to inadequate solubility,bioavailability,and *** presents a promising avenue for transforming current cancer treatment methods through the incorporation of phytochemicals into nanosystems,which possess a range of advantageous characteristics such as biocompatibility,targeted and sustained release capabilities,and enhanced protective *** holds significant potential for future advancements in cancer ***,this review aims to provide intensive literature on diverse nanocarriers,highlighting their applications as cargos for phytocompounds in ***,it offers an overview of the current advancements in the respective field,emphasizing the characteristics that contribute to favourable outcomes in both in vitro and in vivo ***,clinical development and regulatory concerns are also discussed to check on the transformation of the concept as a promising strategy for combination therapy of phytochemicals and chemotherapeutics that could lead to cancer management in the future.

关键词： Phyto-formulations Cancer Nanocarriers Nanotechnology Clinical development