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Review of Chinese atmospheric science research over the past 70 years: Synoptic meteorology

Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第12期62卷 1946-1991页

作者： Zhiyong MENG Fuqing ZHANG Dehai LUO Zhemin TAN Juan FANG Jianhua SUN Xueshun SHEN Yunji ZHANG Shuguang WANG Wei HAN Kun ZHAO Lei ZHU Yongyun HU Huiwen XUE Yaping MA Lijuan ZHANG Ji NIE Ruilin ZHOU Sa LI Hongjun LIU Yuning ZHU Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of meteorology and Atmospheric Science The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China school of Atmospheric Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China National Meteorological center Beijing 100081China school of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of *** refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface during a short period of *** spatial distribution of meteorological elements in the atmosphere can be represented by a variety of transient weather phenomena,which are caused by weather systems of different spatial and temporal *** is closely related to people’s life,and its development and evolution have always been the focus of atmospheric scientific research and *** development of synoptic meteorology is closely related to the development of observation systems,dynamical theories and numerical *** China,observation networks have been built since the early 1950 *** to now,a comprehensive meteorological observation systembased on ground,air and space has been *** particular,the development of a new generation of dense radar networks,the development of the Fengyun satellite series and the implementation of a series of large field experiments have brought our understanding of weather from large-scale environment to thermal dynamics,cloud microphysical structure and evolution characteristics of meso and micro-scale weather *** development of observation has also promoted the development of theory,numerical model and *** the early days,China mainly used foreign numerical ***,China has developed numerical model systems with independent intellectual property *** on the results of high-resolution numerical simulations,in-depth understanding of the initiation and evolution mechanism and predictability of weather at different scales has been *** meteorology has gradually changed from an initially independent development to a multidisciplinary approach,and the interaction between weather and the change of climate and environment has become a hot and fronti

关键词： Atmospheric sciences Synoptic meteorology Weather 70-year progresses

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Synthetic Aperture Positioning: A Review

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2024年第2期33卷 89-102页

作者： Guangcai Sun Wenlong Dong Yuqi Wang Mengdao Xing National Key Laboratory of radar Signal Processing Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China school of Communication and Information Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054China National Key Laboratory of radar Signal Processing and the Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research DepartmentXidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

Obtaining precise position of interested emitters passively has wide applications in both civilian and military *** from traditional parameter measurement and direct position determination(DPD)method,recently a new passive localization method based on synthetic aper-ture technique,named synthetic aperture positioning(SAP),has been *** method com-pensates for the nonlinear phase produced by relative motion between the moving platform and the emitter,achieving coherent summation of intercepted *** SAP can obtain high-resolution and high-precision localization results at a low signal-to-noise *** paper summarizes the research progress of SAP,including localization principles,spaceborne applications,and application scope ***,the possible future outlook of SAP is considered.

关键词： passive localization synthetic aperture positioning coherent processing

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Burden Distribution Calculation of Bell-Less Top of Blast Furnace Based on Multi-radar Data

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2013年第6期20卷 33-37页

作者： ZHU Qiao L Cheng-long YIN Yi-xin CHEN Xian-zhong school of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of advanced Control of Iron and Steel Process

The burden distribution real-time estimation problem of multi-loop charging based on the real multi-radar data is *** , an iterative algorithm is introduced to calculate the radial coordinate of the *** , based on the multi-radar data , the burden profile is estimated by a cubic-curve equation at the end of the multi-loop *** , the burden profile before the next multi-loop charging is calculated based on multi-radar data by considering the impact of burden *** the basis of these burden profiles , a more accurate thickness ratio of ore to coke （ RO/C ） at the radial direction of blast furnace can be *** , an example is given to calculate the burden profiles and RO/C by using the real multi-radar data sampled from Baosteel , which shows the effectiveness of the method introduced.

关键词： blast furnace multi-radar data burden distribution multi-loop charging RO/C

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Gravity Wave Activity and Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange During Typhoon Molave(2020)

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Journal of Tropical meteorology 2024年第3期30卷 306-326页

作者： HUANG Dong WAN Ling-feng WAN Yi-shun CHANG Shu-jie MA Xin ZHAO Kai-jing College of Ocean and meteorology/South China Sea Institute of Marine meteorology/Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction/Key Laboratory of Climate Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea(LCRE)/Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and ApplicationMinistry of Natural ResourcesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong 524088 China Frontier Science center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(DOMES) Institute for Advanced Ocean Study(IAOS)Ocean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong 266100 China school of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeeds LS29JT UK Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030 China

To investigate the stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE)process induced by the gravity waves(GWs)caused by Typhoon Molave(2020)in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere,we analyzed the ERA5 reanalysis data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the CMA Tropical Cyclone Best Track *** also adopted the mesoscale forecast model Weather research and Forecasting model V4.3 for numerical *** of the previous studies were about typhoon-induced STE and typhoon-induced GWs,while our research focused on the STE caused by typhoon-induced gravity *** analysis shows that most of the time,the gravity wave signal of Typhoon Molave appeared below the *** was stronger on the east side of the typhoon center(10°-20°N,110°-120°E)than on the west side,suggesting an eastward tilted structure with height *** the GWs in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region on the west side of the typhoon center broke up,it produced strong turbulence,resulting in stratosphere-troposphere *** this time,the average potential vorticity vertical flux increased with the average ozone mass mixing *** gravity wave events and STE process simulated by the WRF model were basically consistent with the results of ERA5 reanalysis data,but the time of gravity wave breaking was *** study indicates that after the breaking of the GWs induced by typhoons,turbulent mixing will also be generated,and thus the STE.

关键词： gravity wave typhoon stratosphere-troposphere exchange STE upper troposphere and lower stratosphere UTLS

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Controls on the Northward Movement of the ITCZ over the South China Sea in Autumn:A Heavy Rain Case Study

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第10期38卷 1651-1664页

作者： Fei WANG Lifang SHENG Xiadong AN Qian LIU Haixia ZHOU Yingying ZHANG Jianping LI Department of Marine meteorology College of Oceanic and Atmospheric SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province Haikou 570000China Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory Key Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Department of Marine meteorology School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Sansha Meteorological Bureau of Hainan Province Sansha 573199China Professional Meteorological Science and Technology Service center of Hainan province Haikou 570000China Frontiers Science center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)/Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for advanced Ocean Studies Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

The autumn Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ)over the South China Sea(SCS)is typically held south of 10°N by prevailing northeasterly and weakening southwesterly ***,the ITCZ can move north,resulting in heavy rainfall in the northern SCS(NSCS).We investigate the mechanisms that drove the northward movement of the ITCZ and led to heavy non-tropical-cyclone rainfall over the NSCS in autumn of *** results show that the rapid northward movement of the ITCZ on 1 and 2 October was caused by the joint influence of the equatorial easterlies(EE),southwesterly winds,and the easterly jet(EJ)in the NSCS.A high pressure center on the east side of Australia,strengthened by the quasi-biweekly oscillation and strong Walker circulation,was responsible for the EE to intensify and reach the *** EE finally turned southeast and together with enhanced southwesterly winds associated with an anticyclone,pushed the ITCZ ***,the continental high moved east,which reduced the area of the EJ in the NSCS and made room for the *** regression analysis showed that the reduced area of the EJ and increased strength of the EE contributed significantly to the northward movement of the *** enhancement of the EE preceded the northward movement of the ITCZ by six hours and pushed the ITCZ continually *** the ITCZ approached 12°N,it not only transported warm moist air but also strengthened the dynamic field by transporting the positive vorticity horizontally and vertically which further contributed to the heavy rainfall.

关键词： ITCZ rainfall northern South China Sea equatorial easterly easterly jet

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THE INNER-CORE SIZE INCREASE OF TYPHOON MEGI(2010) DURING ITS RAPID INTENSIFICATION PHASE

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Tropical Cyclone research and Review 2013年第2期2卷 65-80页

作者： YUQING WANG HUI WANG Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology International Pacific research center and Department of meteorology School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa

While Typhoon Megi(2010) shared many common features of tropical cyclones(TCs) that crossed Luzon Island in northern Philippines,it experienced a significant inner-core size increase with little eyewall contraction during its rapid intensification(RI) *** is unusual since the majority of TCs experience an eyewall contraction with little or a slow inner-core size increase during *** inner-core size increase during RI of Typhoon Megi was simulated reasonably well using the advanced research Weather research and Forecasting(ARW-WRF) model with both dynamical initialization and large-scale spectral *** this paper processes responsible for the inner-core size increase of Typhoon Megi during its RI phase were analyzed based on a control *** is shown that the inner-core size increase was primarily related to the binary interaction of Megi with a large-scale low-level depression in which Megi was *** shearing/merging of the largescale depression with Megi and the subsequent axisymmetrization led to the strengthening of the outer circulation of *** the moist condition in the low-level depression and the binary interaction contributed to active spiral *** heating in spiral rainbands enhanced low-level inflow,which brought absolute angular momentum inward,increasing tangential wind speed outside the eyewall,thus leading to the outward expansion of tangential wind and the increase of the inner-core size of Megi.

关键词： Typhoon inner core size spiral rainbands binary interaction numerical simulation

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A Review on Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Porous Carbon-Based Novel Microwave Absorption Materials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第4期13卷 1-29页

作者： Zhiwei Zhang Zhihao Cai Ziyuan Wang Yaling Peng Lun Xia Suping Ma Zhanzhao Yin Yi Huang National Institute for advanced Materials Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)School of Materials Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350People’s Republic of China

The development of microwave absorption materials(MAMs) is a considerable important topic because our living space is crowed with electromagnetic wave which threatens human’s *** MAMs are also used in radar stealth for protecting the weapons from being *** nanomaterials were studied as MAMs,but not all of them have the satisfactory ***,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have attracted tremendous attention owing to their tunable chemical structures,diverse properties,large specific surface area and uniform pore *** can transform to porous carbon(PC) which is decorated with metal species at appropriate pyrolysis ***,the loss mechanism of pure MOF-derived PC is often relatively *** order to further improve the MA performance,the MOFs coupled with other loss materials are a widely studied *** this review,we summarize the theories of MA,the progress of different MOF-derived PC-based MAMs,tunable chemical structures incorporated with dielectric loss or magnetic loss *** different MA performance and mechanisms are discussed in ***,the shortcomings,challenges and perspectives of MOF-derived PC-based MAMs are also *** hope this review could provide a new insight to design and fabricate MOF-derived PC-based MAMs with better fundamental understanding and practical application.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Porous carbon Microwave absorption material Reflection loss Effective absorption bandwidth

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Low-frequency E-field Detection Array(LFEDA)-Construction and preliminary results

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第10期60卷 1896-1908页

作者： SHI DongDong ZHENG Dong ZHANG Yang ZHANG YiJun HUANG ZhiGang LU WeiTao CHEN ShaoDong YAN Xu State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China school of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine meteorology Chinese Meteorological Administration Guangzhou 510080 China

In recent years, locating total lightning at the VLF/LF band has become one of the most important directions in lightning detection. The Low-frequency E-field Detection Array(LFEDA) consisting of nine fast antennas was developed by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences in Guangzhou between 2014 and 2015. This paper documents the composition of the LFEDA and a lightning-locating algorithm that applies to the low-frequency electric field radiated by lightning pulse discharge events(LPDEs). Theoretical simulation and objective assessment of the accuracy and detection efficiency of LFEDA have been done using Monte Carlo simulation and artificial triggered lightning experiment, respectively. The former results show that having a station in the network with a comparatively long baseline improves both the horizontal location accuracy in the direction perpendicular to the baseline and the vertical location accuracy along the baseline. The latter results show that detection efficiencies for triggered lightning flashes and return strokes are 100% and 95%, respectively. The average planar location error for return strokes of triggered lightning flashes is 102 m. By locating LPDEs in thunderstorms, we find that LPDEs are consistent with convective regions as indicated by strong reflectivity columns, and present a reasonable distribution in the vertical *** addition, the LFEDA can reveal an image of lightning development through mapping the channels of lightning. Based on three-dimensional locations, the vertical propagation speed of the preliminary breakdown and the changing trend of the leader's speed in an intra-cloud and a cloud-to-ground flash are investigated. The research results show that the LFEDA has the capability for three-dimensional location of lightning, which provides a new technique for researching lightning development characteristics and thunderstorm electricity.

关键词： LFEDA Locating algorithm Monte Carlo Artificial triggered lightning radar reflectivity

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Low-noise and highly stable optical fiber temperature sensor using modified pulse-reference-based compensation technique

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Chinese Optics Letters 2018年第7期16卷 19-22页

作者：卞强宋章启宋东雨张学亮李炳生孟洲于洋 College of meteorology and Oceanology National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China College of advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China Department of Physics School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China

We modify the pulse-reference-based compensation technique and propose a low-noise and highly stable optical fiber temperature sensor based on a zinc telluride film-coated fiber tip. The system noise is measured to be 0.0005 dB, which makes it possible for the detection of the minor reflectivity change of the film at different temperatures. The temperature sensitivity is 0.0034 d B/℃, so the resolution can achieve 0.2℃. The maximum difference of the temperature output values of the sensor at 20℃ at different points in time is 0.39℃. The low cost, ultra-small size, high stability, and good repeatability of the sensor make it a promising temperature sensing device for practical application.

关键词： Low-noise and highly stable optical fiber temperature sensor using modified pulse-reference-based compensation technique

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Impact of Surface Exchange Coefficients and Sea Surface Cooling on Tropical Cyclone Simulation

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Journal of Tropical meteorology 2021年第4期27卷 378-392页

作者： MING Jie LIU Fu ZHANG Han Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and school of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023 China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Joint center for Atmospheric radar research of Centre of Modern Analysis/Nanjing University(CMA/NJU) Nanjing 210023 China school of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) ZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China

The surface flux exchange associated with the exchange coefficients and upper ocean conditions is essential to the development of tropical cyclones(TCs).Using the Weather research and Forecasting(WRF)model,the present study has investigated the impact of exchange coefficients and ocean coupling during Super Typhoon Saomai(2006).Firstly,two experiments with different formula of roughness are *** experiment with the Donelan formula for drag coefficient(C_(d))and ramped formula for enthalpy coefficient(C_(k))can simulate stronger intensity compared to other experiments due to the increased surface wind and enthalpy *** is because the new formulas allows for a smaller C_(d)and larger C_(k)in the high wind regime than the former formulas ***,two coupled simulations between WRF and a one-dimensional ocean model are conducted to examine the feedback of sea surface cooling to the *** the experiments with a horizontal uniform mixed layer depth of 70 m,the sea surface cooling is too weak to change the evolution of *** in the experiment with an input mixed layer calculated using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)data,the significant sea surface cooling induces obvious impact on TC intensity and *** the negative feedback of sea surface cooling,the sensible and latent heat fluxes decreases,especially in the right part of Saomai(2006).The negative feedback with coupled ocean model plays a vital role in simulating the intensity and structure of TC.

关键词： tropical cyclone exchange coefficient air-sea interaction numerical simulation

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