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Engineered stem cells by emerging biomedical stratagems

Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 248-279页

作者： Jinglin Wang Xiaoxuan Zhang Hanxu Chen Haozhen Ren Min Zhou Yuanjin Zhao Department of Vascular surgery.Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing 210008China Division of Hepatobiliary surgery and Transplantation surgery Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Shenzhen Research Institute Southeast UniversityShenzhen 518038China

Stem cell therapy holds immense potential as a viable treatment for a widespread range of intractable disorders.As the safety of stem cell transplantation having been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials,various kinds of stem cells are currently utilized in medical applications.Despite the achievements,the therapeutic benefits of stem cells for diseases are limited,and the data of clinical researches are unstable.To optimize tthe effectiveness of stem cells,engineering approaches have been developed to enhance their inherent abilities and impart them with new functionalities,paving the way for the next generation of stem cell therapies.This review offers a detailed analysis of engineered stem cells,including their clinical applications and potential for future development.We begin by briefly introducing the recent advances in the production of stem cells(induced pluripotent stem cells(ipsCs),embryonic stem cells(ESCs),mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs).Furthermore,we present the latest developments of engineered strategies in stem cells,including engineered methods in molecular biology and biomaterial fields,and their application in biomedical research.Finally,we summarize the current obstacles and suggest future prospects for engineered stem cells in clinical translations and biomedical applications.

关键词： Stem cells Genetic modification Biomaterials Microfluidics Organ-on-a-chip Bioprinting

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Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed Andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner Harley Williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.Elise Graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school annually.The number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to equalize.There are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional settings.Female presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the introduction.This study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by gender.Methods:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and gender.Chi‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of address.Results:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter gender.Female presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in medicine.Research efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

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Enhanced recovery after surgery in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第12期12卷 2040-2049页

作者： Mei-Hua Sun Liu-Sheng Wu Ying-Yang Qiu Jun Yan Xiao-Qiang Li Department of Thoracic surgery Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518036Guangdong ProvinceChina school of medicine Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Yong Loo Lin school of medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore

BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the clinical outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)in the perioperative period in elderly patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC).AIM To investigate the potential enhancement of video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS)in postoperative recovery in elderly patients with NSCLC.METHODS We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 85 elderly NSCLC patients who underwent ERAS(the ERAS group)and 327 elderly NSCLC patients who received routine care(the control group)after VATS at the Department of Thoracic surgery of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital between May 2015 and April 2017.After propensity score matching of baseline data,we analysed the postoperative stay,total hospital expenses,postoperative 48-h pain score,and postoperative complication rate for the 2 groups of patients who underwent lobectomy or sublobar resection.RESULTS After propensity score matching,ERAS significantly reduced the postoperative hospital stay(6.96±4.16 vs 8.48±4.18 d,P=0.001)and total hospital expenses(48875.27±18437.5 vs 55497.64±21168.63 CNY,P=0.014)and improved the satisfaction score(79.8±7.55 vs 77.35±7.72,P=0.029)relative to those for routine care.No significant between-group difference was observed in postoperative 48-h pain score(4.68±1.69 vs 5.28±2.1,P=0.090)or postoperative complication rate(21.2%vs 27.1%,P=0.371).Subgroup analysis showed that ERAS significantly reduced the postoperative hospital stay and total hospital expenses and increased the satisfaction score of patients who underwent lobectomy but not of patients who underwent sublobar resection.CONCLUSION ERAS effectively reduced the postoperative hospital stay and total hospital expenses and improved the satisfaction score in the perioperative period for elderly NSCLC patients who underwent lobectomy but not for patients who underwent sublobar resection.

关键词： Enhanced recovery after surgery Non-small cell lung cancer Perioperative care Propensity score Video-assisted thoracic surgery

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The global,prevalence,and risk factors of postoperative fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 253-260页

作者： Reza Falahatkar Siavash Falahatkar Mohammad Amin Khajavi Gaskarei Masoomeh Afzalipoor Ali Mojtahedi Neda Aligolighasemabadi Ahmad Deilami Samaneh Mirzaei Dahka Mohammad-Hossein Keivanlou Alireza Jafari Urology Research Center Guilan University of Medical SciencesGuilanRashtIran Department of surgery University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada Microbiology Department School of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran Department of Internal medicine School of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SiencesRashtIran school of Nursing and Midwifery Guilan University of Medical SciencesGuilanRashtIran

Objective:This study aimed to explore the global,prevalence,and risk factors of fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:The high-sensitivity searching was conducted without time limitation until December 30,2020 in Web of Sciences,Scopus,and PubMed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:The prevalence rates of fever and sepsis among patient undergoing PCNL were estimated 9.5%(95%confidence interval[CI]:9.3%-9.7%),and 4.5%(95%CI:4.2%-4.8%),respectively.Nephrostomy tube was used in 9.96%(95%CI:9.94%-9.97%)of patients.The mean preoperative white blood cells of patients were 6.401×109/L;18.3%and 4.55%of patients were considered as the positive urinary culture and pyuria,respectively.About 20.4%of patients suffered from residual stones.The odds ratios(ORs)of fever in patients who suffering from diabetes mellitus,hydronephrosis,staghorn stones,and blood transfusion were 4.62(95%CI:2.95-7.26),1.04(95%CI:0.81-1.34),2.57(95%CI:0.93-7.11),and 2.65(95%CI:1.62-4.35),respectively.Patients who underwent PCNL in prone position were more likely to develop fever(OR:1.23;95%CI:0.75-2.00)than patients in supine position.Conclusion:The current study showed that patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus,hydronephrosis,staghorn stones,nephrostomy tube or double-J stent,blood transfusion,and also patients who underwent PCNL in prone position surgery are more likely to develop a postoperative fever after PCNL.

关键词： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Fever Hydronephrosis Diabetes Meta-analysis

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Emerging role of exosomes in ulcerative colitis: Targeting NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第6期30卷 527-541页

作者： Xin Li Li-Jiang Ji Kai-Di Feng Hua Huang Mei-Rou Liang Shi-Jin Cheng Xiu-Dong Meng school of Basic medicine Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyang 550025Guizhou ProvinceChina Department of Anorectal surgery Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineChangshu 215500Jiangsu ProvinceChina College of Traditional Chinese medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease.Despite ongoing advances in our understanding of UC,its pathogenesis is yet unelu-cidated,underscoring the urgent need for novel treatment strategies for patients with UC.Exosomes are nanoscale membrane particles that mediate intercellular communication by carrying various bioactive molecules,such as proteins,RNAs,DNA,and metabolites.The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is a cytosolic tripartite protein complex whose activation induces the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18,triggering the inflammatory response to a pathogenic agent or injury.Growing evidence suggests that exosomes are new modulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome,with vital roles in the pathological process of UC.Here,recent evidence is reviewed on the role of exosomes and NLRP3 inflammasome in UC.First,the dual role of exosomes on NLRP3 inflammasome and the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome on exosome secretion are summarized.Finally,an outlook on the directions of exosome-NLRP3 inflammasome crosstalk research in the context of UC is proposed and areas of further research on this topic are high-lighted.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Exosomes Inflammasome Evidence Therapeutics

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Adenocarcinoma of sigmoid colon with metastasis to an ovarian mature teratoma: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第4期12卷 853-858页

作者： Wei Wang Chun-Chi Lin Wen-Yi Liang Shih-Ching Chang Jeng-Kai Jiang Division of Colorectal surgery Department of SurgeryTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei 11217Taiwan Faculty of medicine School of MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipei 112304Taiwan Department of Pathology Taipei Veteran General HospitalTaipei 11217Taiwan

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer ranks third in global cancer-related mortality,often due to metastases to liver and lungs.Ovarian metastases are less common,accounting for 3.6%to 7.4%of cases.In contrast,mature ovarian teratomas are frequently benign.Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a rare phenomenon,with a limited number of documented cases.Three cases of mature ovarian teratomas metastasizing from different cancers have been reported.This report focuses on a case of tumor-totumor metastasis from sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma to a mature ovarian teratoma.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old Taiwan residents woman with no known systemic diseases presented with lower back pain,which led to imaging revealing malignant lesions in the spine,pelvis,liver,and multiple lung metastases.She was diagnosed with sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma with metastases to the liver,lung,bone,and a left ovarian teratoma.Treatment involved radiotherapy and chemotherapy,resulting in regression of the primary tumor and stable lung and liver lesions.Due to abdominal symptoms,she underwent exploratory surgery,unveiling a mature teratoma in the left ovary with signs of metastatic adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION Consider resecting mature ovarian teratomas with concurrent colorectal adenocarcinoma to prevent tumor-to-tumor metastasis.

关键词： Tumor-to-tumor metastasis Colorectal cancer Ovarian teratoma Adeno carcinoma Case report

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Artificial kidney: Challenges and opportunities

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 42-47页

作者： Filippos F Karageorgos Stavros Neiros Konstantina-Eleni Karakasi Stella Vasileiadou Georgios Katsanos Nikolaos Antoniadis Georgios Tsoulfas Department of Transplantation surgery Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ TransplantationAristotle University School of MedicineThessaloniki 54642Greece

This review aims to present the developments occurring in the field of artificial organs and particularly focuses on the presentation of developments in artificial kidneys.The challenges for biomedical engineering involved in overcoming the potential difficulties are showcased,as well as the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in this marriage of medicine and technology.In this review,modern artificial kidneys and the research efforts trying to provide and promise artificial kidneys are presented.But what are the problems faced by each technology and to what extent is the effort enough to date?

关键词： Artificial kidney Implantable kidney Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis Endstage kidney disease

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Protein neddylation and its role in health and diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1869-1904页

作者： Shizhen Zhang Qing Yu Zhijian Li Yongchao Zhao Yi Sun Department of Breast surgery the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310029China Cancer Institute(Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention China National Ministry of Education)the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310029China Institute of Translational medicine Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310029China Department of Thyroid surgery Zhejiang Cancer HospitalInstitute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310022China Key Laboratory of Head&Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310022China Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic surgery Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310029China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310029China Zhejiang University Cancer Center Hangzhou 310029China Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang Hangzhou 310024China Research Center for Life Science and Human Health Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310053China

NEDD8(Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8)is an ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently attached to a lysine residue of a protein substrate through a process known as neddylation,catalyzed by the enzyme cascade,namely NEDD8 activating enzyme(E1),NEDD8 conjugating enzyme(E2),and NEDD8 ligase(E3).The substrates of neddylation are categorized into cullins and non-cullin proteins.Neddylation of cullins activates CRLs(cullin RING ligases),the largest family of E3 ligases,whereas neddylation of non-cullin substrates alters their stability and activity,as well as subcellular localization.Significantly,the neddylation pathway and/or many neddylation substrates are abnormally activated or over-expressed in various human diseases,such as metabolic disorders,liver dysfunction,neurodegenerative disorders,and cancers,among others.Thus,targeting neddylation becomes an attractive strategy for the treatment of these diseases.In this review,we first provide a general introduction on the neddylation cascade,its biochemical process and regulation,and the crystal structures of neddylation enzymes in complex with cullin substrates;then discuss how neddylation governs various key biological processes via the modification of cullins and non-cullin substrates.We further review the literature data on dysregulated neddylation in several human diseases,particularly cancer,followed by an outline of current efforts in the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of neddylation as a promising therapeutic approach.Finally,few perspectives were proposed for extensive future investigations.

关键词： NEDD8 attached attractive

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Predictive modeling for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with abdominal malignancies using synthetic minority oversampling technique

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1227-1235页

作者： Wen-Jing Hu Gang Bai Yan Wang Dong-Mei Hong Jin-Hua Jiang Jia-Xun Li Yin Hua Xin-Yu Wang Ying Chen Intensive Care Unit Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200434China Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative medicine Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200434China Department of Nursing Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200434China Department of Thyroid Breast and Vascular SurgeryShanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200434China

BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium,particularly prevalent in elderly patients after abdominal cancer surgery,presents significant challenges in clinical management.AIM To develop a synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)-based model for predicting postoperative delirium in elderly abdominal cancer patients.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,we analyzed data from 611 elderly patients who underwent abdominal malignant tumor surgery at our hospital between September 2020 and October 2022.The incidence of postoperative delirium was recorded for 7 d post-surgery.Patients were divided into delirium and non-delirium groups based on the occurrence of postoperative delirium or not.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium.The SMOTE technique was applied to enhance the model by oversampling the delirium cases.The model’s predictive accuracy was then validated.RESULTS In our study involving 611 elderly patients with abdominal malignant tumors,multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant risk factors for postoperative delirium.These included the Charlson comorbidity index,American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,history of cerebrovascular disease,surgical duration,perioperative blood transfusion,and postoperative pain score.The incidence rate of postoperative delirium in our study was 22.91%.The original predictive model(P1)exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.862.In comparison,the SMOTE-based logistic early warning model(P2),which utilized the SMOTE oversampling algorithm,showed a slightly lower but comparable area under the curve of 0.856,suggesting no significant difference in performance between the two predictive approaches.CONCLUSION This study confirms that the SMOTE-enhanced predictive model for postoperative delirium in elderly abdominal tumor patients shows performance equivalent to that of traditional methods,effectively addressing data imbal

关键词： Elderly patients Abdominal cancer Postoperative delirium Synthetic minority oversampling technique Predictive modeling Surgical outcomes

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Sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients: Does frailty matter while waiting for a liver transplant?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal surgery 2024年第1期16卷 257-259页

作者： Xing-Jie Li Kang He Division of Transplant surgery Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054United States Department of Liver surgery Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China

Sarcopenia reflects patient frailty and should be routinely assessed due to its high prevalence in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplants.Pre-transplant nutritional optimization should be tailored for patients with a definitive diagnosis of sarcopenia,therefore improving functional status at transplant and reducing posttransplant mortality.Hepatologists and transplant surgeons should have raised awareness regarding sarcopenia and the reflected frailty that hinder posttransplant outcomes.The policymakers should also take into account when modifying the organ allocation model that sarcopenia or frailty might become a decisive factor in allocating organs for cirrhotic patients,in order to ensure post-transplant survival and quality of life.

关键词： Sarcopenia Liver transplant Organ allocation policy Cirrhosis Frailty

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