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Leakage and diffusion characteristics of underground hydrogen pipeline

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 319-325页

作者： Wenkang Zhang Guanghui Zhao school of Mechatronic engineering Southwest Petroleum University

Soil corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement are the main factors of hydrogen pipeline failure. The gas escapes, diffuses and accumulates in the soil and enters the atmosphere when leak occurs. The mechanism of gas diffusion in buried pipelines is very complicated. Mastering the evolution law of hydrogen leakage diffusion is conducive to quickly locating the leakage point and reducing the loss. The leakage model of the underground hydrogen pipeline is established in this paper. The effect of leakage hole, soil type, pipeline pressure, pipeline diameter on hydrogen leakage diffusion were investigated. The results show that when the hydrogen pipeline leaks, the hydrogen concentration increases with the increase of leakage time, showing a symmetrical distribution trend. With the pipeline pressure increase, hydrogen leakage speed is accelerated, and longitudinal diffusion gradually becomes the dominant direction. As the leakage diameter increases, hydrogen leakage per unit of time increases sharply. Hydrogen diffuses more easily in sandy soil, and its diffusion speed, concentration, and range are higher than that in clay soil. The research content provides a reference and basis for the detection and evaluation of buried hydrogen pipeline leakage.

关键词： Buried pipeline Hydrogen leakage Diffusion characteristics Numerical simulation

High adsorption selectivity of activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve boosting CO_(2)/N_(2) and CH_(4)/N_(2) separation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2024年第3期67卷 282-297页

作者： Siang Chen Wenling Wu Zhaoyang Niu Deqi Kong Wenbin Li Zhongli Tang Donghui Zhang The Research Center of Chemical engineering School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Flue gas and coal bed methane are two important sources of greenhouse *** swing adsorption process has a wide range of application in the field of gas separation,and the selection of adsorbent is *** this regard,in order to assess the better adsorbent for separating CO_(2) from flue gas and CH_(4) from coal bed methane,adsorption isotherms of CO_(2),CH_(4) and N_(2) on activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve are measured at 303.15,318.15 and 333.15 K,and up to 250 *** experimental data fit better with Langmuir 2 compared to Langmuir 3 and Langmuir-Freundlich models,and Clausius-Clapeyron equation was used to calculate the isosteric *** the order of the adsorbed amount and the adsorption heat on the two adsorbents are CO_(2)>CH_(4)>N_(2).The adsorption kinetics are calculated by the pseudo-first kinetic model,and the order of adsorption rates on activated carbon is N_(2)-CH_(4)>CO_(2),while on carbon molecular sieve,it is CO_(2)-N_(2)>CH_(4).It is shown that relative molecular mass and adsorption heat are the primary effect on kinetics for activated carbon,while kinetic diameter is the main resistance factor for carbon molecular ***,the adsorption selectivity of CH_(4)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/N_(2) were estimated with the ideal adsorption solution theory,and carbon molecular sieve performed best at 318.15 K for both CO_(2) and CH_(4) *** study suggested that activated carbon is a better choice for separating flue gas and carbon molecular sieve can be a strong candidate for separating coal bed methane.

关键词： Activated carbon Carbon molecular sieve Adsorbent evaluation Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics Heat of adsorption Selectivity

An efficient approach for the treatment of radioactive waste perfluoropolyether lubricants via a synergistic effect of thermal catalysis and immobilization

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 512-522页

作者： Xinhang Du Wenhua Tong Xinyu Zhou Jia Luo Yuqiu Liu Yabo Wang Panyu Li Yongkui Zhang Department of Pharmaceutical&Biological engineering School of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Perfluoropolyether(PFPE)lubricants are a kind of high-molecular polymer with many excellent ***,the use of PFPEs in the nuclear industry can lead to partial decomposition and carrying radionuclides,resulting in a large amount of radioactive waste PFPE lubricants ***,radioactive waste PFPE lubricants are difficult to be effectively treated due to their high stability,the risk of possible leakage of radionuclides,and hypertoxic fluorine-containing *** this study,without any precedent,a strategy of Mn O_(2)-catalyzed decomposition and Na_(2)CO_(3)-immobilized conversion was proposed for PFPE lubricant decomposition and fluorine immobilization simultaneously based on the Lewis acid-base and oxygen vacancies concept.A high fluorine conversion efficiency of 95.4%was ***,the mechanism of decomposition suggested that Mn O_(2)mainly provided Lewis acid sites and attacked the(basic)fluorine or oxygen atoms in PFPE *** decomposition of PFPE chains was proceed down and volatile fluorine-containing gas was released by partial electron transfer,intramolecular disproportionation reaction,and unzipping ***,gas by-products could be further oxidized and then immobilized into fluoride salts by carbonate solid ***,this study provides a simple,safe,and potentially practical strategy for the harmless conversion of refractory fluorinated organic wastes,especially perfluoropolymers.

关键词： Perfluoropolyether lubricants Catalyzed decomposition Fluorine-containing gas Immobilized conversion Fluoride

Self-templating synthesis of biomass-based porous carbon nanotubes for energy storage and catalytic degradation applications

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第3期9卷 584-595页

作者： Manman Xu Shiqi Fu Yukai Wen Wei Li Qiongfang Zhuo Haida Zhu Zhikeng Zheng Yuwen Chen Anqi Wang Kai Yan Research Centre for Eco-Environmental engineering School of Environment and Civil EngineeringDongguan University of TechnologyDongguan523808China school of Environmental Science and engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China

Dwindling energy sources and a worsening environment are huge global problems,and biomass wastes are an under-exploited source of material for both energy and material ***,self-template decoction dregs of Ganoderma lucidum-derived porous carbon nanotubes(ST-DDLGCs)were synthesized via a facile and scalable strategy in response to these ***-DDLGCs exhibited a large surface area(1731.51 m^(2)g^(-1))and high pore volume(0.76 cm^(3)g^(-1)),due to the interlacing tubular structures of precursors and extra-hierarchical porous structures on tube *** the ST-DDLGC/PMS system,the degradation efficiency of capecitabine(CAP)reached~97.3%within 120 ***,ST-DDLGCs displayed high catalytic activity over a wide pH range of 3–9,and strong anti-interference to these typical and ubiquitous anions in wastewater and natural water bodies(i.e.,H_(2)PO_(4)^(-),NO_(3)^(-),Cl^(-) and HCO_(3)^(-)),in which a ^(1)O_(2)-dominated oxidation was identified and non-radical mechanisms were ***,ST-DDLGC-based coin-type symmetrical supercapacitors exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance,with specific capacitances of up to 328.1 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1),and cycling stability of up to 98.6%after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).The superior properties of ST-DDLGCs could be attributed to the unique porous tubular structure,which facilitated mass transfer and presented numerous active *** results highlight ST-DDLGCs as a potential candidate for constructing inexpensive and advanced environmentally functional materials and energy storage devices.

关键词： Ganoderma lucidum residue Porous carbon nanotubes Self-template method Wastewater treatment Supercapacitor electrode

Growth,optical dispersion and magnetic behavior of Dy^(3+) doped yttrium iron garnet crystals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1110-1117,I0004页

作者： Yating Fang Hui Shen Yudie Ma Shijie Liao Shuang Xia Tian Tian Ding Zhou Yunfeng Ma Jiayue Xu Institute of Crystal Growth School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Institute of Technology National engineering Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials School of Electronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)(YIG)crystals are highly desirable for the fabrication of mid-infrared isolators with the rapid growth of optical communications,although it is rather challenging to grow large size and high-quality single ***^(3+)doping is expected to improve the optical and magneto-optical prope ***,high quality Dy:YIG crystals and the adjustment of Dy^(3+)on the structure and optical behavior of YIG crystal remain unclear,impeding its practical ***,a series of Y_(3-x)Dy_(x)Fe_(5)O_(12)(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,3)solid solution crystals was grown by the flux-Bridgman method and single crystals up to 25 mm were *** the introduction of Dy^(3+),lattice parameters are gradually enlarged from 1.2379 nm(YIG)to 1.2420 nm(DyIG).Typical Dy^(3+)absorption peaks are observed around 1070,1265 and 1670 *** refractive index decreases from 2.37(500 nm)to 2.10(2500 nm)for YIG crystal,and it reduces from 2.47(500 nm)to 2.16(2500 nm)for DyIG *** optical bandgaps remain almost unchanged for Dy:YIG *** optical dispersion of the refractive indices was finely fitted by the Wemple and DiDomenico(WDD)and the Sellmeier models,*** the increase of Dy^(3+)content,the saturation magnetization(Ms)decreases significantly from 23.62 emu/g(YIG)to 5.33 emu/g(DyIG).Small coercive field is persisted for this system,endowing small external magnetic *** results provide valuable references for the manipulation of rare earths on the properties of magnetooptical crystals,which is beneficial to the design of high-performance garnet crystals for the application of optical switching and non-reciprocal related devices.

关键词： Magneto-optical crystal Yttrium iron garnet Dy^(3+)doping Crystal growth Optical dispersion Rare earths

Tunable topological polaritons by dispersion tailoring of an active metasurface

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第4期6卷 59-69页

作者： Shaojie Wang Ke Chen Shufang Dong Tian Jiang Junming Zhao Yijun Feng Nanjing University School of Electronic Science and Engineering

Hyperbolic polaritons are known to exist in materials with extreme anisotropy, exhibiting exotic optical properties that enable a plethora of unusual phenomena in the fields of polaritonics and ***, achieving simultaneous low-dimensionality, high-speed controllability, and on-demand reconfigurability of the polaritons remains unexplored despite their excellent potential in light–matter interactions, photonic integrated circuits, and optoelectronic devices. Here, we propose a metasurface approach to integrating artificially engineered electromagnetic anisotropy with fast-controllable electronic elements, offering a new route to realize active topological polaritons. Experiments showcase the proposed reconfigurable metasurface can support real-time transitions of designer polaritons from elliptical to flat, and then to hyperbolic and circular isofrequency contours. Correspondingly, the in-plane surface wavefront undergoes the transitions from convex to collimating, concave, and eventually back to convex. By exploiting the topological variations in polariton dispersions, we observe intriguing phenomena of controllable field canalization and tunable planar focusing. Furthermore, we report the concept of a planar reconfigurable integrated polariton circuit by spatially tailoring the distributions of polariton isofrequency contours, unveiling rich dispersion engineering possibilities and active control capabilities. We may provide an inspiring platform for developing planar active plasmonic devices with potential applications in subdiffraction-resolution imaging,sensing, and information processing.

关键词： active tuning anisotropic polaritons dispersion engineering hyperbolic metasurface topological transitions

High-throughput screening system of citrus bacterial cankerassociated transcription factors and its application to the regulation of citrus canker resistance

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Journal of integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 155-165页

作者： Jia Fu Jie Fan Chenxi Zhang Yongyao Fu Baohang Xian Qiyuan Yu Xin Huang Wen Yang Shanchun Chen Yongrui He Qiang Li integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China(Chongqing)Science City Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400712China school of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering Yangtze Normal UniversityChongqing 408100China National Citrus engineering Research Center Chongqing 400712China

One of the main diseases that adversely impacts the global citrus industry is citrus bacterial canker(CBC),caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri ***(Xcc).Response to CBC is a complex process,with both proteinDNA as well as protein–protein interactions for the regulatory *** detect such interactions in CBC resistant regulation,a citrus high-throughput screening system with 203 CBC-inducible transcription factors(TFs),were *** the upstream regulators of target by yeast-one hybrid(Y1H)methods was also performed.A regulatory module of CBC resistance was identified based on this *** TF(CsDOF5.8)was explored due to its interactions with the 1-kb promoter fragment of CsPrx25,a resistant gene of CBC involved in reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis *** mobility shift assay(EMSA),dual-LUC assays,as well as transient overexpression of CsDOF5.8,further validated the interactions and transcriptional *** CsDOF5.8–CsPrx25 promoter interaction revealed a complex pathway that governs the regulation of CBC resistance via *** high-throughput Y1H/Y2H screening system could be an efficient tool for studying regulatory pathways or network of CBC resistance *** addition,it could highlight the potential of these candidate genes as targets for efforts to breed CBC-resistant citrus varieties.

关键词： citrus bacterial canker(CBC) high-throughput screening system transcription factor(TF) yeast-one hybrid(Y1H) CsPrx25

Managing the surge:A comprehensive review of the entire disposal framework for retired lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 648-680页

作者： Ruohan Guo Feng Wang M.Akbar Rhamdhani Yiming Xu Weixiang Shen Department of engineering Technologies School of ScienceComputing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of ScienceComputing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia Department Mechanical and Product Design engineering School of EngineeringSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia

Anticipating the imminent surge of retired lithium-ion batteries(R-LIBs)from electric vehicles,the need for safe,cost-effective and environmentally friendly disposal technologies has *** paper seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of the entire disposal framework for R-LIBs,encompassing a broad spectrum of activities,including screening,repurposing and ***,we delve deeply into a thorough examination of current screening technologies,shifting the focus from a mere enumeration of screening methods to the exploration of the strategies for enhancing screening ***,we outline battery repurposing with associated key factors,summarizing stationary applications and sizing methods for R-LIBs in their second life.A particular light is shed on available reconditioning solutions,demonstrating their great potential in facilitating battery safety and lifetime in repurposing scenarios and identifying their techno-economic *** the realm of battery recycling,we present an extensive survey of pre-treatment options and subsequent material recovery ***,we introduce several global leading recyclers to illustrate their industrial processes and technical ***,relevant challenges and evolving trends are investigated in pursuit of a sustainable end-of-life management and disposal *** hope that this study can serve as a valuable resource for researchers,industry professionals and policymakers in this field,ultimately facilitating the adoption of proper disposal practices.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Battery reproposing and recycling Miaieiials recovery technologies Techno-economic issues End-of-life management Disposal framework

Experimental study of the damage characteristics of rocks containing non-penetrating cracks under cyclic loading

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第2期34卷 197-210页

作者： Jun Xu Xiaochun Xiao Lu Ma Sen Luo Jiaxu Jin Baijian Wu school of Mechanics and engineering Liaoning Technical UniversityFuxin 123000China school of Civil engineering Liaoning Technical UniversityFuxin 123000China Department of engineering Mechanics Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China

The damage evolution process of non-penetrating cracks often causes some unexpected engineering *** specimens containing non-penetrating crack(s)are used to study the damage evolution and characteristics under cyclic *** results show that under cyclic loading,the relationship between the number of non-penetrating crack(s)and the characteristic parameters(cyclic number,peak stress,peak strain,failure stress,and failure strain)of the pre-cracked specimens can be represented by a decreasing linear *** damage evolution equation is fitted by calibrating the accumulative plastic strain for each cycle,and the damage constitutive equation is proposed by the concept of effective ***,non-penetrating cracks are more likely to cause uneven stress distribution,damage accumulation,and local failure of *** local failure can change the stress distribution and relieve the inhibition of non-penetrating crack extension and eventually cause a dramatic destruction of the ***,the evolution process caused by non-penetrating cracks can be regarded as one of the important reasons for inducing *** results are expected to improve the understanding of the process of spalling formation and rockburst and can be used to analyze the stability of rocks or rock structures.

关键词： Damage characteristics Constitutive model Fissured rocks Non-penetrating crack Cyclic loading