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Impact of ozone assisted ultrasonication pre-treatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 29-38页

作者： Xinbo Tian Antoine Prandota Trzcinski Li Leonard Lin Wun Jern Ng Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University school of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University Public Utilities Board Water Reclamation (Plants) Department nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University

Impact of ultrasonication（ULS） and ultrasonication-ozonation（ULS-Ozone） pre-treatment on the anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge was investigated with semi-continuous anaerobic reactors at solid retention time（SRT） of 10 and 20 days. The control, ULS and ULS-Ozone reactors produced 256, 309 and 348 m L biogas/g CODfedand the volatile solid（VS） removals were 35.6%, 38.3% and 42.1%, respectively at SRT of 10 days. At SRT of20 days, the biogas yields reached 313, 337 and 393 m L biogas/g CODfedand the VS removal rates were 37.3%, 40.9% and 45.3% in the control, ULS and ULS-Ozone reactors, ***-Ozone pre-treatment increased the residual organic amount in the digested *** soluble residual organics were found to contain macromolecules with molecular weights（MW） larger than 500 k Da and smaller polymeric products with MW around 19.4and 7.7 k Da. These compounds were further characterized to be humic acid-like substances with fluorescent spectroscopy analysis.

关键词： Sewage sludge Ultrasound Ozone Pre-treatment Molecular weight Anaerobic digestion

Recent advancements in 2D nanomaterials for cancer therapy

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Science China Chemistry 2018年第10期61卷 1214-1226页

作者： Menghuan Li Zhong Luo Yanli Zhao Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University College of Life Science Chongqing University school of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University

Since mechanical exfoliation of graphene in 2004, unprecedented scientific and technological advances have been achieved in the development of two-dimensional(2 D) nanomaterials. These 2 D nanomaterials exhibit various unique mechanical, physical and chemical properties on account of their ultrathin thickness, which are highly desirable for many applications such as catalysis, optoelectronics, energy storage/conversion, as well as disease diagnosis and therapeutics. In this review, we summarized recent progress on the design and fabrication of functional 2 D nanomaterials capable of being applied for the cancer treatment including drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy. Their anticancer mechanisms were discussed in detail, and the related safety concerns were analyzed based on current research developments. This review is expected to provide an insight in the field of 2 D nanostructured materials for anticancer applications.

关键词： 2D nanomaterials cancer therapy drug delivery photodynamic therapy photothermal therapy

From Two-Phase to Three-Phase: The New Electrochemical Interface by Oxide Electrocatalysts

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第1期10卷 74-76页

作者： Zhichuan J.Xu school of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Solar Fuels Lab Nanyang Technological University Energy Research Institute NTU (ERIN) Nanyang Technological University

Electrochemical reactions typically occur at the interface between a solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte. The charge exchange behaviour between these two phases determines the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. In the past few years, significant advances have been made in the development of metal oxide electrocatalysts for fuel cell and electrolyser reactions. However, considerable gaps remain in the fundamental understanding of the charge transfer pathways and the interaction between the metal oxides and the conducting substrate on which they are located. In particular, the electrochemical interfaces of metal oxides are significantly different from the traditional(metal) ones, where only a conductive solid electrode and a liquid electrolyte are considered. Oxides are insulating and have to be combined with carbon as a conductive *** electrode configuration results in a three-phase electrochemical interface, consisting of the insulating oxide, the conductive carbon, and the liquid electrolyte. To date, the mechanistic insights into this kind of non-traditional electrochemical interface remain unclear. Consequently conventional electrochemistry concepts, established on classical electrode materials and their two-phase interfaces, are facing challenges when employed for explaining these new electrode materials.

关键词： Electrochemistry Interface Oxides Carbon Electrocatalyst

HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF EFFICIENT AXIAL-FLOW BLAST WITH LOW NOISE AND ENERGY SAVING

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2002年第4期14卷 40-46页

作者： Tan Soon Keat school of Civil and Structural Engineering Nanyang Technological University

Based on the demand on efficient axial-flow blast with low noise and energy saving, a blade was designed through the application of the unequal work distribution principle and the exponential twisted camber was used to shape blades. Then, the hydrodynamic characteristics of blades were studied and the strengths and vibrations of blades and hydro-dynamic noise of blast were analyzed. Furthermore, the software of optimization design of axial-flow blast was developed. Finally, the HMF-T40No.20 axial-flow blast used in large textile conditioner system of cotton spinning industry was designed, which could meet the required total safety and environmental requirements as the corresponding test demonstrates. The study is beneficial to designing axial-flow blast.

关键词： Acoustic noise Design Noise abatement Optimization Software engineering Turbomachine blades

Polymer-based membranes for solvent-resistant nanofiltration:A review

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第11期25卷 1653-1675页

作者： Slow Kee Lira Kunli Goh Tae-Hyun Bae Rong Wang Singapore Membrane Technology Center Nanyang Environment and WaterResearch InstituteNanyang Technological UniversityI Cleantech Loop637141 SingaporeSingapore nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Interdisciplinary Graduate SchoolNanyang Technological University637141 SingaporeSingapore school of Chemical and Biomedical Engineenng Nanyang Technological University62 Nanyang Drive637459 SingaporeSingapore school of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 NanyangAvenue639798 SingaporeSingapore

Separation of organic mixture is an inevitable process in most modern industrial processes. In the quest for a more sustainable and efficient separation, solvent-resistant nanofiltration(SRNF) has emerged as a promising answer. This is because SRNF is a membrane-based process which offers the key advantages of high efficacy and low energy intensity separation. In particular, polymer-based membranes can offer compelling opportunities for SRNF with unprecedented cost-effectiveness. As a result, intensive research efforts have been devoted into developing novel polymer-based membranes with solvent-resistant capacities as well as exploring potential applications in different types of industries. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the recent progress in the development of the state-of-the-art polymer-based membranes for SRNF in the first section. Emerging nanomaterials for mixed matrix and thin film nanocomposite membranes are also covered in this section. This is followed by a discussion on the current status of membrane engineering and SRNF membrane commercialization. In the third section, we highlight recent efforts in adopting SRNF for relevant industrial applications such as food, bio-refinery, petrochemical, fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries followed by separations of enantiomers in stereochemistry, homogeneous catalysis and ionic liquids. Finally, we offer a perspective and provide deeper insights to help shape future research direction in this very important field of SRNF.

关键词： Nanofiltration Solvent-resistant Polymeric membranes Nanomaterials Crosslinking Industrial applications

Flow behavior and deposition study of pollen-shape carrier particles in an idealized inhalation path model

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Particuology 2010年第1期8卷 51-59页

作者： Meer Saiful Hassan Raymond Lau school of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering (SCBE) Nanyang Technological University (NTU)

Pollen-shape （spiked sphere） hydroxyapatite （HA） particles for drug carrier application are studied. The particle shape and size effect on flow characteristics and deposition are assessed. The pollen-shape HA particles are synthesized to have comparable size as typical carrier particles with mean diameter of 30-50 μm and effective density less than 0.3 g/cm^3. The flow behaviors of HA and commonly used lactose （LA） carrier particles are characterized by the Carr＇s compressibility index （CI）. The HA particles have lower CI than the LA particles for the same size range. The flow fields of HA and LA carrier particles are measured in an idealized inhalation path model using particle image velocimetry （PLY） technique. The particle streamlines indicate that a large portion of particles may deposit at the bending section due to inertial impaction and gravitational deposition. The flow field result shows that HA particles give smaller separation regions than the LA particles for the same size range. The pollen-shape HA particles are found to be able to follow the gas flow in the model and minimize undesired deposition. Deposition result confirms the bending section to have the most deposition. Deposition is found to be a function of particle properties. An empirical correlation is derived for the deposition efficiency of the pollen-shape particles as a function of particles Stokes number.

关键词： Aerosol Fluid mechanics Multiphase flow Particle Powder technology Pulmonary drug delivery

Porous catalytic membranes for CO_(2)conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第12期30卷 74-86,I0003页

作者： Yi Guo Cheng Qian Yinglong Wu Jiawei Liu Xiaodong Zhang Dongdong Wang Yanli Zhao Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371Singapore school of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637459Singapore

Catalytic CO_(2)conversion has witnessed a dynamic growth in recent *** materials have been applied to reduce CO_(2)into fuels and value-added ***,the powder-based catalysts cannot be directly utilized for CO_(2)*** attention was paid to the study of catalytic membranes in order to overcome this issue,since it is convenient for catalytic membranes to be employed in devices for practical *** this review,the recent research development of porous catalytic membranes for CO_(2)conversion is *** preparations of representative porous catalytic membranes and their CO_(2)conversion methods,including electrocatalysis,photocatalysis,photoelectrocatalysis,thermalcatalysis and biocatalysis,are discussed in *** review is expected to provide deep understanding on the utilization of porous catalytic membranes for CO_(2)conversion.

关键词： Catalysis Electrodes CO_(2)conversion Membrane preparation Porous membranes Sustainable future

Torsional Characteristics of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube with Water Interactions by Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

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Nano-Micro Letters 2014年第3期6卷 268-279页

作者： V.Vijayaraghavan C.H.Wong school of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University

The torsional characteristics of single walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT) with water interactions are studied in this work using molecular dynamics simulation method. The torsional properties of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) in a hydrodynamic environment such as water are critical for its key role in determining the lifetime and stability of CNT based nano-fluidic devices. The effect of chirality, defects and the density of water encapsulation is studied by subjecting the SWCNT to torsion. The findings show that the torsional strength of SWCNT decreases due to interaction of water molecules and presence of defects in the SWCNT. Additionally,for the case of water molecules encapsulated inside SWCNT, the torsional response depends on the density of packing of water molecules. Our findings and conclusions obtained from this paper is expected to further compliment the potential applications of CNTs as promising candidates for applications in nano-biological and nano-fluidic devices.

关键词： Carbon nanotube Water interaction Torsion Water encapsulation Nano-fluid Molecular dynamics

Tracking facial features with occlusions

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Journal of Zhejiang university-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第7期7卷 1282-1288页

作者： MARKIN Evgeny PRAKASH Edmond C. school of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

Facial expression recognition consists of determining what kind of emotional content is presented in a human face. The problem presents a complex area for exploration, since it encompasses face acquisition, facial feature tracking, facial ex- pression classification. Facial feature tracking is of the most interest. Active Appearance Model (AAM) enables accurate tracking of facial features in real-time, but lacks occlusions and self-occlusions. In this paper we propose a solution to improve the accuracy of fitting technique. The idea is to include occluded images into AAM training data. We demonstrate the results by running ex- periments using gradient descent algorithm for fitting the AAM. Our experiments show that using fitting algorithm with occluded training data improves the fitting quality of the algorithm.

关键词： Active Appearance Model (AAM) Facial feature tracking Computer vision