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Effects of body mass and sex on kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremity during stair ascent and descent in older adults

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2021年第3期3卷 165-170页

作者： Nok-Hin Law Jing Xian Li Nok-Yeung Law Daniel Varin Mario Lamontagne School of Human Kinetics University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada

The effects of body mass and sex on lower limb biomechanics during ascent and descent were examined in participants aged 50 to 75 with normal weight(n=19),overweight(n=18),and obese(n=8).Peak joint angles and joint moment of the lower limb were analyzed with the VICON motion analysis system.Results from multivariate analysis of variance showed that during descent,the overweight participants had significantly higher knee extensor moment(0.98±0.30 N·m/kg^(-1))than the normal-weight participants(0.70±0.29 N·m/kg^(-1)).The obese group had significantly higher ankle abductor moment(0.21±0.11 N·m/kg^(-1))than the normal weight(0.12±0.08 N·m/kg^(-1))and overweight groups(0.09±0.06 N·m/kg^(-1)).During ascent,the obese participants had significant higher hip flexor moment(0.42±0.20 N·m/kg^(-1))than overweight participants(0.22±0.17 N·m/kg^(-1)).Significant sex differences were found in knee extension angles(4.2±3.4℃vs 7.0±3.3℃)during descent,plantar flexion angles during ascent(23.7±5.3℃vs 15.6±3.7℃)and descent(29.9±5.0℃vs 22.1±7.9℃),and ankle adduction angles(6.8±4.8℃vs 2.5±2.5℃)during ascent.It is concluded that body mass has significant impact on joint loading of lower limbs during stair walking.Being overweight and obese increased hip joint loading during ascent,and knee and ankle joint loading during descent in older adults.Sex difference in joint kinematics was presented during stair walking regardless of the body mass.

关键词： Joint moment Range of motion Obesity Overweight Joint angles

Effects of a 12-week online Tai Chi intervention on gait and postural stability in individuals with Parkinson’s disease

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第3期5卷 239-244页

作者： Nok-Yeung Law Jing Xian Li School of Human Kinetics University of OttawaCanada

Parkinson's disease(PD)affects gait and postural stability.Tai Chi(TC)is recommended for PD for management of the condition,however biomechanical understanding to its effects on gait and postural stability is limited.This study aimed to examine the effects of an online 12-week biomechanical-based TC intervention on gait and posture in people with PD.Fifteen individuals in early-stage PD were recruited(Hoehn&Yahr stages 1-2).The TC intervention program was 60min session,three times weekly for 12 weeks.The pre-and post-intervention test in obstacle crossing,timed-up-and-go(TUG)test,and single leg standing(SLS)with eyes open(EO)and closed(EC)were conducted.Gait speed,crossing stride length,clearance height of the heel and toe,anterior-posterior(AP)and medial-lateral(ML)displacement and velocity of the center of mass(COM)and separation of the COM-center of pressure(COP)were analyzed.The participants significantly improved their pre-vs.post-TC intervention performance on TUG test(p=0.002).During obstacle crossing,the participants significantly increased crossing stride length of the trailing foot,increased AP COM displacement and decreased ML COM-COP separation(p<0.05);the maximal dorsiflexion angle of the leading limb significantly increased and maximal plantarflexion angle of the trailing limb significantly decreased(p<0.05).A 12-week biomechanical-based online TC training was effective towards improvement of gait and postural stability among people in the early-stage of PD.The TC program and online training could be applied for management of PD.

关键词： Center of mass Tai Chi Center of pressure Kinematics Obstacle crossing Joint angles

Exercise is...?: A commentary response

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 52-53页

作者： Jennifer Robertson-Wilson Michelle Fortier Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education Wilfrid Laurier University School of Human Kinetics University of Ottawa

In the recent issue of Journal of Sport Health and Science,the question of'Is exercise medicine or what?'was posed.We wish to follow the editors’suggestion to'...stimulate further discussion on the topic'1by offering additional points of consideration to those discussed by Nesti2in'Exercise for health:Serious fun for the whole person?'.We will specifically

关键词： Exercise is A commentary response

SCIENCE OF WINNING SOCCER:EMERGENT PATTERN-FORMING DYNAMICS IN ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2013年第1期26卷 73-84页

作者： VILAR Luís ARAUJO Duarte DAVIDS Keith BAR-YAM Yaneer Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Lusofona University of Humanities and Technologies Faculty of human kinetics Technical University of Lisbon SpertLab CIPERFaculty of Human KineticsTechnical University of Lisbon school of human Movement Studies Queensland University of Technologies New England Complex Systems Institute

Quantitative analysis is increasingly being used in team sports to better understand performance in these stylized,delineated,complex social systems.Here,the authors provide a first step toward understanding the pattern-forming dynamics that emerge from collective offensive and defensive behavior in team sports.The authors propose a novel method of analysis that captures how teams occupy sub-areas of the field as the ball changes location.The authors use this method to analyze a game of association football(soccer) based upon a hypothesis that local player numerical dominance is key to defensive stability and offensive opportunity.The authors find that the teams consistently allocated more players than their opponents in sub-areas of play closer to their own goal.This is consistent with a predominantly defensive strategy intended to prevent yielding even a single goal.The authors also find differences between the two teams' strategies:while both adopted the same distribution of defensive,midfield,and attacking players(a 4:3:3 system of play),one team was significantly more effective in maintaining both defensive and offensive numerical dominance for defensive stability and offensive opportunity.That team indeed won the match with an advantage of one goal(2 to 1) but the analysis shows the advantage in play was more pervasive than the single goal victory would indicate.The proposed focus on the local dynamics of team collective behavior is distinct from the traditional focus on individual player capability.It supports a broader view in which specific player abilities contribute within the context of the dynamics of multiplayer team coordination and coaching strategy.By applying this complex system analysis to association football,the authors can understand how players' and teams' strategies result in successful and unsuccessful relationships between teammates and opponents in the area of play.

关键词：足球形成动态图案科学社会系统定量分析动态范围复杂系统

CAPTURING COMPLEX,NON-LINEAR TEAM BEHAVIOURS DURING COMPETITIVE FOOTBALL PERFORMANCE

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2013年第1期26卷 62-72页

作者： DUARTE Ricardo ARAUJO Duarte FOLGADO Hugo ESTEVES Pedro MARQUES Pedro DAVIDS Keith Faculty of human kinetics Technical University of Lisbon school of Science and Technology University of Evora Department of Performance Analysis Manchester City FCUnited Kingdom school of human Movement Studies Queensland University of Technologies

This study investigated changes in the complexity(magnitude and structure of variability)of the collective behaviours of association football teams during competitive performance.Raw positional data from an entire competitive match between two professional teams were obtained with the ProZone^(?) tracking system.Five compound positional variables were used to investigate the collective patterns of performance of each team including:surface area,stretch index,team length,team width,and geometrical centre.Analyses involve the coefficient of variation(%CV) and approximate entropy(ApEn),as well as the linear association between both parameters.Collective measures successfully captured the idiosyncratic behaviours of each team and their variations across the six time periods of the match.Key events such as goals scored and game breaks(such as half time and full time) seemed to influence the collective patterns of performance.While ApEn values significantly decreased during each half,the%CV increased.Teams seem to become more regular and predictable,but with increased magnitudes of variation in their organisational shape over the natural course of a match.

关键词：非线性足球队行为性能捕捉竞技位置数据跟踪系统

OVERVIEW OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS IN SPORT

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2013年第1期26卷 4-13页

作者： BALAGUE Natàlia TORRENTS Carlota HRISTOVSKI Robert DAVIDS Keith ARAUJO Duarte INEFC University of Barcelona INEFC University of Lleida Ss.Cyril and Methodius University SkopjeRepublic of Macedonia school of human Movement Studies Queensland University of Technologies Faculty of human kinetics Technical University of Lisbon

The complex systems approach offers an opportunity to replace the extant pre-dominant mechanistic view on sport-related phenomena.The emphasis on the environment-system relationship,the applications of complexity principles,and the use of nonlinear dynamics mathematical tools propose a deep change in sport science.Coordination dynamics,ecological dynamics,and network approaches have been successfully applied to the study of different sport-related behaviors,from movement patterns that emerge at different scales constrained by specific sport contexts to game dynamics.Sport benefit from the use of such approaches in the understanding of technical,tactical,or physical conditioning aspects which change their meaning and dilute their frontiers.The creation of new learning and training strategies for teams and individual athletes is a main practical consequence.Some challenges for the future are investigating the influence of key control parameters in the nonlinear behavior of athlete-environment systems and the possible relatedness of the dynamics and constraints acting at different spatio-temporal scales in team sports.Modelling sport-related phenomena can make useful contributions to a better understanding of complex systems and vice-versa.

关键词：体育运动复杂系统非线性行为概览非线性动力学环境系统生态动力学数学工具

Chronic effects of stretching on range of motion with consideration of potential moderating variables:A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 186-194页

作者： Andreas Konrad Shahab Alizadeh Abdolhamid Daneshjoo Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar Andrew Graham Ali Zahiri Reza Goudini Chris Edwards Carina Scharf David George Behm Institute of human Movement Science Sport and HealthGraz UniversityGraz A-8010Austria School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNL A1C 5S7Canada Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman 76169-13439Iran

Background:It is well known that stretch training can induce prolonged increases in joint range of motion(ROM).However,to date more information is needed regarding which training variables might have greater influence on improvements in flexibility.Thus,the purpose of this metaanalysis was to investigate the effects of stretch training on ROM in healthy participants by considering potential moderating variables,such as stretching technique,intensity,duration,frequency,and muscles stretched,as well as sex-specific,age-specific,and/or trained state-specific adaptations to stretch training.Methods:We searched through PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and SportDiscus to find eligible studies and,finally,assessed the results from 77 studies and 186 effect sizes by applying a random-effect meta-analysis.Moreover,by applying a mixed-effect model,we performed the respective subgroup analyses.To find potential relationships between stretch duration or age and effect sizes,we performed a meta-regression.Results:We found a significant overall effect,indicating that stretch training can increase ROM with a moderate effect compared to the controls(effect size=-1.002;Z=-12.074;95%confidence interval:-1.165 to-0.840;p<0.001;I^(2)=74.97).Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference between the stretching techniques(p=0.01)indicating that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching produced greater ROM than did ballistic/dynamic stretching.Moreover,there was a significant effect between the sexes(p=0.04),indicating that females showed higher gains in ROM compared to males.However,further moderating analysis showed no significant relation or difference.Conclusion:When the goal is to maximize ROM in the long term,proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation or static stretching,rather than ballistic/dynamic stretching,should be applied.Something to consider in future research as well as sports practice is that neither volume,intensity,nor frequency of stretching were found to play a significant role in ROM yields.

关键词： Flexibility Long-term stretching Stretch training

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步态终止对身体姿势稳定性影响研究

中国运动医学杂志 2011年第1期30卷 94-99页

作者：莫仕围徐冬青李静先天津体育学院健康与运动科学系天津300381 School of Human Kinetics University of OttawaCanada

步行是一个周期性的重复过程,其基本要求是身体保持平衡并完成位置移动,可分为三个阶段：步态启动阶段、中间的双足交替移动阶段和步态终止阶段,这三个阶段是一个连贯不可分割的整体。步行过程中任何一个阶段的改变都有可能影响身体姿... 详细信息

步行是一个周期性的重复过程,其基本要求是身体保持平衡并完成位置移动,可分为三个阶段：步态启动阶段、中间的双足交替移动阶段和步态终止阶段,这三个阶段是一个连贯不可分割的整体。步行过程中任何一个阶段的改变都有可能影响身体姿势的稳定.

关键词：身体姿势姿势稳定性步态周期性

Sensor-based physical activity, sedentary time, and reported cell phone screen time: A hierarchy of correlates in youth

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第1期10卷 55-64页

作者： Pedro B.Júdice João P.Magalhães Gil B.Rosa Duarte Henriques-Neto Megan Hetherington-Rauth Luís B.Sardinha Exercise and Health Laboratory CIPERFaculty of Human KineticsUniversity of LisbonLisbon 1499-002Portugal Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Lusofona UniversityLisbon 1749-024Portugal

Background:Evidence on correlates relies on subjective metrics and fails to include correlates across all levels of the ecologic model.We determined which correlates best predict sensor-based physical activity(PA),sedentary time(ST),and self-reported cell phone screen time(CST)in a large sample of youth,while considering a multiplicity of correlates.Methods:Using sensor-based accelerometry,we assessed the PA and ST of 2179 youths.A χ^2 automatic interaction detection algorithm was used to hierarchize the correlates associated with too much ST(>50th percentile),insufficient moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(school years,who were girls,and who did not have friends in the neighborhood(73.1%chance for high CST),whereas in the older group,the greatest chance for having high CST was among those who were girls and had a TV in the bedroom(74.3%chance for high CST).Conclusion:To counteract ST and boost MVPA among youths,a specific focus on girls,the promotion of sport participation and facilities,neighborhood safety,and involvement of family must be prioritized.

关键词： Adolescents Environment Objective Sedentary behavior Socioecologic model