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Interacted Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Polyamines on Root System Architecture of Citrus Seedlings

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第10期11卷 1675-1681页

作者： WU Qiang-sheng ZOU Ying-ning LIU Chun-yan LU Ting College of horticulture and gardening Yangtze University

Either arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） or polyamines （PAs） may change root system architecture （RSA） of plants, whereas the interaction of AMF and PAs on RSA remains unclear. In the present study, we studied the interaction between AMF （Paraglomus occultum） and exogenous PAs, including putrescine （Put）, spermidine （Spd） and spermine （Spin） on mycorrhizal development of different parts of root system, plant growth, RSA and carbohydrate concentrations of 6-m-old citrus （Citrus tangerine Hort. ex Tanaka） seedlings. After 14 wk of PAs application, PA-treated mycorrhizal seedlings exhibited better mycorrhizal colonization and numbers of vesicles, arbuscules, and entry points, and the best mycorrhizal status of taproot, first-, second-, and third-order lateral roots was respectively found in mycorrhizal seedlings supplied with Put, Spd and Spm, suggesting that PAs might act as a regulated factor of mycorrhizal development through transformation of root sucrose more into glucose for sustaining mycorrhizal development. AMF usually notably increases RSA traits （taproot length, total length, average diameter, projected area, surface area, volume, and number of first-, second-, and third-order lateral roots） of only PA-treated seedlings. Among the three PA species, greater positive effects on RSA change and plant biomass increment of the seedlings generally rank as Spd〉Spm〉Put, irrespective of whether or not AMF colonization. PAs significantly changed the RSA traits in mycorrhizal but not in non-mycorrhizal seedlings. It suggests that the application of PAs （especially Spd） to AMF plants would optimize RSA of citrus seedlings, thus increasing plant growth （shoot and root dry weight）.

关键词： citrus lateral root mycorrhiza putrescine root system architecture spermidine spermine

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Comparison of Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Taxus chinensis *** Seedlings Root under Waterlogging Stress in Different Substrates

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第6期90卷 1673-1684页

作者： Xinru He Qiong Ding Bing Sun Yongjun Fei Die Hu College of horticulture and gardening Yangtze UniversityJingzhou434025China

Four different ratios of river sand,ceramic pellets,vermiculite and perlite(1:1),and field soil were selected as the substrates in this experiment,and four gradient levels of root waterlogging,half waterlogging,full waterlogging and normal were set to investigate the effects of different gradients of waterlogging stress on the root morphology of Taxus chinensis *** seedlings under different *** this study,the root anatomical structure of Taxus chinensis *** under different waterlogging stress was observed by the paraffin section *** roots of *** *** were diarch,with no pith and resin *** was a large number of tannins in the pericycle of the aerial adventitious roots of seedlings adapted to ***,the endodermis has obvious casparian strip thickening,and there were 4-5 layers of large parenchymatous cells in the close to the inner side of the pericycle in the vascular cylinder,which could increase the storage capacity,and transport capacity of the *** the treatment of root waterlogging stress,the development of plant roots in the mixed substrate of vermiculite and,perlite was the *** half waterlogging stress,*** *** seedlings treated with various substrates all could better adapt to the environment of waterlogging *** the stress of fully waterlogging,the roots of seedlings planted in river sand substrate developed secondary growth.

关键词： Waterlogging stress Taxus chinensis var.mairei root morphological anatomy

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Effects of Piriformospora indica on the Respiration of Taxus chinensis *** under Water Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第6期90卷 1661-1672页

作者： Longsheng Hu Xinru He Pujie Wei Bing Sun Yongjun Fei Die Hu College of horticulture and gardening Yangtze UniversityJingzhou434025China

Seedlings of Taxus chinensis *** were used as experimental materials to study the adaptation of Piriformospora indica to this plant under water *** materials were divided into two groups,namely,with or without inoculation with *** group was subjected to four different levels of water *** and physiological and biochemical indexes of the roots of *** *** were regularly *** water stress,*** *** had significantly decreased root vitality;root vitality was higher in inoculated roots than in uninoculated *** intense water stress,the inoculated roots had a higher soluble sugar content than the uninoculated *** water stress,*** *** experienced decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic *** activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and alcohol dehydrogenase initially increased and then decreased,whereas that of lactate dehydrogenase *** inoculated roots had a higher activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes than the uninoculated *** water stress was further intensified,the roots had significantly decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and significantly increased activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic *** activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes decreased faster in the uninoculated roots than in the inoculated *** study demonstrated that Piriformospora indica plays a positive role in enhancing the antihypoxic ability of *** ***,thereby alleviating plant damage due to water stress.

关键词： Taxus chinensis var.mairei Piriformospora indica water stress respiration

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AM Fungi and Piriformospora indica Improve Plant Growth of Pinus elliottii Seedlings

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第1期90卷 171-178页

作者： Taoze Sun Wei Tan Yujie Yang Hongna Mu College of horticulture and gardening Yangtze UniversityJingzhou434025China

Pinus elliottii is an exotic afforestation pine extensively distributed in southern parts of *** order to understand whether endophytic fungi can affect seedling growth of ***,Piriformospora indica(Pi),Funnelifcrmis mosseae(Fm),and Diversispora tortuosa(Dt)were inoculated respectively,and the non-inoculated group was set as *** growth indexes,the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein,and plant endogenous hormone levels in the leaves of ***,were *** results showed that Fm,Dt and Pi colonized the *** roots to form mycorrhizal structure and chlamydospores arranged in beads *** fungal inoculants exhibited the stimulated growth responses,whilst Dt illustrated the most positive effect on plant height,single fresh weight,trunk diameter and root system structure,compared with the *** the other hand,the soluble sugar and soluble protein contents were increased distinctively in mycorrhizal *** endogenous IAA,GA3,ZR contents were increased,while the ABA contents were reduced in mycorrhizal plants versus non-mycorrhizal *** fungi-induced endogenous hormone changes triggered plant growth improvement of *** *** research unraveled the positive effect of AM fungi and *** on growth of pine seedlings,while,more application of endophytic fungi to fields needs to be explored.

关键词： AM fungi Piriformospora indica Pinus elliottii colonization growth enhancing hormone content

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Effect of Maturity Stage on the Gene Expression of Antioxidative Enzymes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Fruits Under Chilling Stress

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1495-1500页

作者： QIAN Chun-lu MI Hong-bo ZHAO Yu-ying HE Zhi-ping MAO Lin-chun College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University College of horticulture and gardening Yangtze University school of Agriculture and Food Science Zhejiang A&F University

The gene expression pattems of antioxidative enzymes in cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） fruits at four different maturity stages, immature （3-8 d after anthesis （DAA）, mature （9-16 DAA）, breaker （17-22 DAA）, and yellow （35-40 DAA）, were determined before and after cold storage at 2℃ for 9 d and after subsequent rewarming at 20℃ for 2 d. The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content in cucumber fruits were increased after cold storage and subsequent rewarming. Increased expressions of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, and monodehydroascorbate reductase after cold storage played an important role in cucumber fruits to cope with chilling injury. The elevated cyt-superoxide dismutase, catalase, APX and dehydroascorbate reductase after subsequent rewarming in cucumber fruits facilitated the recovery from chilling stress. The highest expression levels of all the seven antioxidative enzyme genes in yellow fruits might be responsible for the enhanced chilling tolerance. Cucumber fruits at earlier developmental stages was more susceptible to chilling stress than those at later stages. The relative higher gene expressions of antioxidative enzymes genes at earlier developmental stages may be the responses to the sever oxidative stress caused by chilling injury.

关键词： cucumber fruit maturity postharvest chilling injury antioxidative enzyme

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Root-associated endophytic fungi modulate endogenous auxin and cytokinin levels to improve plant biomass and root morphology of trifoliate orange

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第3期9卷 463-472页

作者： Ruicheng Liu Liu Yang Yingning Zou Qiangsheng Wu College of horticulture and gardening Yangtze UniversityJingzhouHubei434025China College of Arts and Sciences Yangtze UniversityJingzhouHubei434020China

Root-associated endophytic fungi like Serendipita indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi can improve plant growth and root construction, but the potential mechanism is unclear. In this study, Funneliformis mosseae(an AM fungus) and S. indica, singly or in combination were inoculated into trifoliate orange(Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings, to assess changes in biomass and root morphological traits, coupled with auxins and cytokinins concentrations in leaves and roots and the expression of auxin synthesis and transporter protein genes. After 20 weeks of inoculation with these fungi, shoot and root biomass, root total length, taproot length, average diameter, surface area, volume, and the number of lateral roots in 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-order were improved, and S. indica showed a relatively greater effect than F. mosseae and dual inoculation. Endophytic fungal inoculation also significantly increased the concentration of indoleacetic acid, indole butyric acid, trans-zeatin,dihydrozeatin, and isopentenyl adenine in leaves and roots, whilst F. mosseae and S. indica exhibited relatively greater effects on leaves and roots, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that both biomass and root morphological traits(except root projected area) were significantly positively associated with endogenous auxins and cytokinins. In addition, the inoculated plants recorded comparatively higher expression levels of indoleacetic acid synthesis genes(PtTAA1, PtTAR2, PtYUC3, PtYUC4, PtYUC6, and PtYUC8) and indoleacetic acid transporter protein genes(PtAUX1, PtLAX1, PtLAX2, PtLAX3, PtPIN1, PtPIN3, PtPIN4, PtABCB1, and PtABCB19) than the non-inoculated plants, among which F. mosseae and S. indica showed better effects in leaves and roots, respectively. These results suggest that root-associated endophytic fungi improved plant growth and root architecture, which were associated with changes in endogenous auxins and cytokinins.

关键词： Citrus Endophytic fungi Hormone Mycorrhiza IAA

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Mitochondrial Genome of Callus Protoplast Has a Role in Mesophyll Protoplast Regeneration in Citrus: Evidence From Transgenic GFP Somatic Homo-Fusion

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2017年第5期3卷 177-182页

作者： CAI Xiaodong FU Jing GUO Wenwu Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University College of horticulture and gardening Yangtze University

Protoplast fusion has great potential in citrus improvement. Although citrus mesophyll protoplasts usually cannot divide and regenerate,symmetric protoplast fusion of embryogenic callus protoplast + mesophyll protoplast sometimes results in the regeneration of mesophyllparent-type cybrids. It suggested that mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA) from protoplasts of embryogenic callus parent plays an important role in stimulating division and regeneration of mesophyll protoplasts. Herein, somatic fusion was conducted via electrofusion between callus protoplasts isolated from Valencia orange [Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck] cell suspension cultures and transgenic GFP-tagged mesophyll protoplasts from the same genotype, i.e. transgenic Valencia orange plants containing the green fluorescent protein(GFP) gene, in an effort to elucidate whether mt DNA of callus line could stimulate the division and regeneration of mesophyll protoplasts from the same genotype. Two embryoids and one plantlet with GFP expression were successfully obtained and subsequent ploidy analysis by flow cytometry indicated that they were all diploids. The regenerated diploid embryoids and plantlet with GFP expression could be considered as ‘cybrids' with mt DNA from the callus protoplasts of Valencia orange. The result indicated that citrus mesophyll-parent-type cybrid regeneration needed the stimulation of mt DNA from protoplasts of embryogenic callus parent regardless of their origin either from another genotype or the same genotype as the mesophyll parent.

关键词： citrus cybrid mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) callus protoplast mesophyll somatic hybridization

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Advances in experimental methods for root system architecture and root development

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第1期26卷 23-32页

作者： Jun-bang Wang Xiu-juan Zhang Chu Wu Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences College of horticulture and gardening Yangtze University

Plant roots play important roles in acquisition of water and nutrients, storage, anchoring, transport, and symbiosis with soil microorganisms, thus quantitative researches on root developmental processes are essential to understand root functions and root turnover in ecosystems,and at the same time such researches are the most difficult because roots are hidden underground. Therefore, how to investigate efficiently root functions and root dynamics is the core aspect in underground ecology. In this article, we reviewed some experimental methods used in root researches on root development and root system architecture, and summarized the advantages and shortages of these methods. Based on the analyses, we proposed three new ways to more understand root processes：（1） new experimental materials for root development;（2） a new observatory system comprised of multiple components, including many observatory windows installed in field, analysis software,and automatic data transport devices;（3） new techniques used to analyze quantitatively functional roots.

关键词： Root system analysis Fractal geometry Novel materials

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Responses of phospholipase D and lipoxygenase to mechanical wounding in postharvest cucumber fruits

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2010年第6期11卷 443-450页

作者： Yu-ying ZHAO Chun-lu QIAN Ji-cheng CHEN Yan PENG Lin-chun MAO Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Seience Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China College of horticulture and gardening Yangtze University Jingzhou 434025 China

This study was to investigate the responses of phospholipase D（PLD） and lipoxygenase（LOX） to mechanical wounding in postharvest cucumber（Cucumis sativus ***-2） ***-associated Ca2＋ content,activities and gene expression of PLD and LOX,and contents of phosphatidylcholine（PC）,phosphatidylinositol（PI）,and phosphatidic acid（PA） were determined in cucumber fruits following mechanical *** show that PLD and LOX activities increased with the PLD and LOX mRNAs which are upregulated upon wounding,while membrane-associated Ca^2＋ content *** with the increase of PLD and LOX activities,accumulation of PA and losses of PC and PI were observed in all fruits,but there were differences of degrees between wounded and control *** suggest that PLD and LOX might be the main hydrolytic enzymes of phospholipids in postharvest cucumber fruits participating in the mechanical wounding *** activation of PLD and LOX might be the result of gene expression,which could be This study was to investigate the responses of phospholipase D（PLD） and lipoxygenase（LOX） to mechanical wounding in postharvest cucumber（Cucumis sativus ***-2） ***-associated Ca^2＋ content,activities and gene expression of PLD and LOX,and contents of phosphatidylcholine（PC）,phosphatidylinositol（PI）,and phosphatidic acid（PA） were determined in cucumber fruits following mechanical *** show that PLD and LOX activities increased with the PLD and LOX mRNAs which are upregulated upon wounding,while membrane-associated Ca2＋ content *** with the increase of PLD and LOX activities,accumulation of PA and losses of PC and PI were observed in all fruits,but there were differences of degrees between wounded and control *** suggest that PLD and LOX might be the main hydrolytic enzymes of phospholipids in postharvest cucumber fruits participating in the mechanical wounding *** activation of PLD and LOX might be

关键词： Cucumber Mechanical wounding Phospholipase D Lipoxygenase Phospholipid

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Effects of lead stress on Vg expression in the beet armyworm over five successive generations

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 134-142页

作者： SU Hong-hua YANG Yong QIAN Yuan-yuan YE Zi-bo CHEN Yu-qing YANG Yi-zhong school of horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University

Heavy metals have been found to be endocrine disruptors in *** is one of the most widespread elements of contamination,but there has been no research about the effects of lead stress on vitellogenin(Vg) gene expression in insects exposed to lead over multiple *** this paper,the effects of different concentrations of lead(0,0.3,4.8 and 76.8 mg kg^(–1)) on the expression of Vg in the beet armyworm over five successive generations were *** results showed that lead stress had significant effects on Vg expression in a dose-dependent *** females at the larval and adult stages,as lead concentration increased,Vg expression was significantly inhibited; for males at these two developmental stages,Vg expression was induced and increased as lead concentration *** addition,with the increase over stressed generations,inhibited effects for females and induced effects for males at the larval and adult stages became increasingly more ***,at the pupal stage,Vg expression in the two genders was different from that at the larval and adult *** results indicate that lead stress can upregulate Vg expression in males which should be a useful indicator for environmental risk assessment.

关键词： Spodoptera exigua lead stress vitellogenin gene expression females males

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