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Ensemble projections of climate and streamflow in a typical basin of semi-arid steppes in Mongolian Plateau of 2021-2100

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 230-243页

作者： Hang PAN Jian-Ping TANG Liang CHENG Man-Chun LI Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China school of geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/Ministry of Education Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China school of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

The Kherlen River is the main water source for Hulun Lake,the largest lake in northern China.Due to reduced inflow from the Kherlen River,Hulun Lake experienced rapid shrinkage at the beginning of the 21st century,posing a serious threat to the ecological security of northern China.However,there is still a significant lack of projections regarding future climate change and its hydrological response in the Kherlen River basin.This study analyzed the projected climate and streamflow changes in the Kherlen River basin,a vital yet vulnerable international semi-arid steppes type basin.A combination of multi-model ensemble projection techniques,and the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT)model was employed to examine the spatio-temporal changes in precipitation,temperature,streamflow,and the associated uncertainties in the basin.The temperature(an increase of 1.84-6.42℃)and the precipitation(an increase of 15.0-46.0 mm)of Kherlen River basin are projected to increase by 2100,leading to a rise in streamflow(1.08-4.78 m^(3) s^(-1)).The upstream of the Kherlen River exhibits remarkable increasing trends in precipitation,which has a dominant influence on streamflow of Kherlen River.Noteworthy increases in streamflow are observed in April,August,September,and October compared to the reference period(1971-2000).These findings suggest a partial alleviation of water scarcity in the Kherlen River,but also an increased likelihood of hydrological extreme events.The projected temperature increase in the Kherlen River basin exhibits the smallest uncertainty,while more pronounced uncertainties are found in precipitation and streamflow.The spread among the results of CMIP6 models is greater than that of CMIP5 models,with lower signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)values for temperature,precipitation,and streamflow.

关键词： Climate change Flow projection Uncertainty SWAT Mongolian Plateau

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Evolution and Determinants of Population Agglomeration in Less Developed Metropolitan Areas:A Case Study of the Taiyuan Metropolitan Area,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第4期34卷 739-751页

作者： QIN Zhiqin LIANG Ye AN Shuwei DOU Yongjing school of Economics and Management Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030031China school of Urban Economics and Public Affairs Capital University of Economics and BusinessBeijing 100070China school of geography Science Taiyuan Normal UniversityJinzhong 030619China

It is of importance to enhance the urban areas'capacity for population aggregation in underdeveloped regions,aiming to rectify the imbalanced and insufficient pattern of economic development in China.Taking the Taiyuan Metropolitan Area(TMA)in central China as a case study,this paper examines the evolutionary process and characteristics of population agglomeration from 2000 to 2020,and identifies factors associated with agglomeration and their spatial effects.The findings indicated that:1)against the background of sustained population shrinkage in the provincial area,the TMA showed a demographic trend of steady increase,albeit with a decelerated growth rate.In the metropolitan area,urban population size continued to grow rapidly,whereas the rural areas endured sustained losses.Disparities in city size continued to widen,and the polarization of concentrated population in the core cities kept increasing.2)Agglomerations in both secondary and service industries had significant positive effects on local population agglomeration,with the former effect being stronger.Regional economic development,government fiscal expenditure,and financial advancement all contributed to facilitating local population clustering.From a spatial spillover perspective,service agglomeration and financial development promoted population agglomeration in surrounding areas.Conversely,fiscal expenditure inhibited such agglomeration.As for industrial agglomeration and regional economic development,their spatial spillover effects were non-significant.The results obtained reveal several policy implications aimed at enhancing the population agglomeration capacity of the metropolitan area in underdeveloped regions during the new era.

关键词： population agglomeration population shrinkage spatial spillover effects Taiyuan Metropolitan Area(TMA) China

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Quantifying freeze-melt dynamics of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar imagery

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 805-819页

作者： JIN Lu CHEN Jun CAI Yu KONG Yecheng WANG Yongfeng DUAN Zheng school of Environment and Energy Engineering Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601China Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center for Smart City Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601China school of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Physical geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversityLund 22362Sweden

The ice phenology of alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is a rapid and direct responder to climate changes,and the variations in lake ice exhibit high temporal frequency characteristics.MODIS and passive microwave data are widely used to monitor lake ice changes with high temporal resolution.However,the low spatial resolutions make it difficult to effectively quantify the freeze-melt dynamics of lakes.This work used Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar(SAR)data to derive high-resolution ice maps(about 6 days),then with the aid of Sentinel-2 optical images to quantify freeze-melt processes in three typical lakes on the TP(e.g.Selin Co,Ayakekumu Lake,and Nam Co).The results showed that three lakes had an average annual ice period of 125-157 days and a complete ice cover period of 72-115 days,from 2018 to 2022.They exhibit different ice phenology patterns.Nam Co is characterized by repeated episodes of freezing,melting,and refreezing,resulting in a prolonged freeze-up period.Meanwhile,the break-up period of Nam Co lasts for a longer duration(about 19 days),and the break-up exhibits a smooth process.Similarly,Ayakekumu Lake showed more significant inter-annual fluctuations in the freeze-up period,with deviations of up to 28 days observed among different years.Compared to the other two lakes,Selin Co experienced a relatively short freeze-up and break-up period.In short,Sentinel-1 SAR data can effectively monitor the weekly and seasonal variations in lake ice on the TP.Particularly,this data facilitates quantification of the freeze-melt dynamics.

关键词： Lake ice Sentinel-1 SAR Tibetan Plateau Climate change

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退耕还林和气候变化对长江流域土壤侵蚀减少的影响

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第3期34卷 527-542页

作者：李柏延王昀琛 school of geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an710119China school of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an University of Posts and TelecommunicationsXi’an710121China

The area of land that is affected by soil erosion in the Yangtze River has been reduced by 146,000 km~2(accounting for 27%of the entire Yangtze River)since 2000.However,the contributions of different tributaries to this soil erosion decline and the underlying causes have not been determined.Here we quantify the soil erosion decline in the Yangtze River and the impacts of the Grain-for-Green Programme(GFGP)and climate change using the RUSLE model and statistical methods.The results were as follows:(1)After the implementation of the GFGP,soil erosion decreased in ten sub-basins excluding the Dongting Lake catchment;(2)Soil erosion was mainly affected by the GFGP and the rainfall erosivity.Specifically,the contributions of the GFGP and rainfall erosivity to soil erosion decline are estimated to be 70.12%and 29.88%,respectively.(3)“Scenario#9”means the combination of slope(15°-25°)of retired farmland converted to shrub land and slope(>25°)of retired farmland converted to grassland.Considering scenario feasibility and management targets,Scenario#9 was the most appropriate land use scenario for the Yangtze River.This study offers insights into managing and reducing soil erosion in the future.

关键词： soil erosion RUSLE model Grain for Green Programme climate change Yangtze River

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Research of Future Directions and Considerations for Implementation of the Forest City Strategy

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第5期12卷 1-16页

作者： Renrui Wang Department of geography and Environment London School of Economics and Political Science London UK

A “Forest City” (FC) is an urban area that has a significant amount of forest cover. It is now a green urban development strategy that is supported by numerous nations. This essay compares the many FC implementation strategies used in developed and developing countries and explores potential future paths for this tactic. The variations between FC in terms of measurement targets, air purification, street trees, and forestry development are thoroughly compared in this research. This essay goes on to explore FC’s potential in the future regarding policy changes and the environment based on this comparison. Therefore, this essay focuses on the necessity of considering industrial innovation, encouraging biodiversity, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, paying attention to forest restructuring, and being more responsive to the issues provided by urbanization in the future global implementation of FC.

关键词： Forest City Policy Adjustment Ecological Environment Measurement Objectives

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Surface air temperature change in the Wuyi Mountains,southeast China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1992-2004页

作者： QIN Yihui WEI Yuxing LU Jiayi MAO Jiahui CHEN Xingwei GAO Lu CHEN Ying LIU Meibing DENG Haijun Institute of geography Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China National Demonstration Center for Experimental geography Education Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China school of Geographical Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China

Detecting changes in surface air temperature in mid-and low-altitude mountainous regions is essential for a comprehensive understanding of warming trend with altitude.We use daily surface air temperature data from 64 meteorological stations in Wuyi Mountains and its adjacent regions to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of temperature change.The results show that Wuyi Mountains have experienced significant warming from 1961 to 2018.The warming trend of the mean temperature is 0.20℃/decade,the maximum temperature is 0.17℃/decade,and the minimum temperature is 0.26℃/decade.In 1961-1990,more than 63%of the stations showed a decreasing trend in annual mean temperature,mainly because the maximum temperature decreased during this period.However,in 1971-2000,1981-2010 and 1991-2018,the maximum,minimum and mean temperatures increased.The fastest increasing trend of mean temperature occurred in the southeastern coastal plains,the quickest increasing trend of maximum temperature occurred in the northwestern mountainous region,and the increase of minimum temperature occurred faster in the southeastern coastal and northwestern mountainous regions than that in the central area.Meanwhile,this study suggests that elevation does not affect warming in the Wuyi Mountains.These results are beneficial for understanding climate change in humid subtropical middle and low mountains.

关键词： Climate change Surface air temperature Temporal and spatial changes Mann-Kendall nonparametric test Wuyi Mountains

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Examining the Experiences and Challenges of Haze-Fog Governance in China

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第4期12卷 45-58页

作者： Renrui Wang Department of geography and Environment London School of Economics and Political Science London UK

With the rapid development of industrialisation and urbanisation, China is facing the challenge of severe HF (Haze-Fog) pollution. This essay compares the advantages and disadvantages of China’s HF management and summarizes the important lessons China can teach the rest of the world about applying this tactic. China’s capabilities in the digital economy, National Innovation Demonstration Zones, and urban innovation systems are examined in this article, along with its shortcomings in information mechanisms and pollution sources. This essay also summarizes China’s achievements, particularly regarding local autonomy. The essay goes on to say, however, that China is probably going to be under more pressure to manage HF in the future, both in terms of long-term solutions and the economy.

关键词： Haze-Fog Control Digital Economy National Innovation Demonstration Zones Local Autonomy

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Spatiotemporal features and vertical structures of four types of mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio Extension region

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第5期43卷 30-40页

作者： Bowen Sun Shuchang Xu Zhankun Wang Yujie Feng Baofu Li school of geography and Tourism Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao 276800China Faculty of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

Except for conventional mesoscale eddies,there are also abundant warm cyclonic eddies(WCEs)and cold anticyclonic eddies(CAEs)in the global ocean.Based on the global mesoscale eddy trajectory atlas product,satellite altimetric and remote sensing datasets,and three-dimensional temperature/salinity dataset,spatiotemporal features of WCEs and CAEs are compared with traditional cold cyclonic eddies and warm anticyclonic eddies in the Kuroshio Extension(KE;28°−43°N,140°−170°E)region.Characteristics of abnormal eddies like radius,amplitude,eddy kinetic energy,and proportion in all eddies behave in significant asymmetry on the north and south sides of the KE jet.Unlike eddies in the general sense,temporal feature analysis reveals that it is more favorable to the formation and maintenance of WCEs and CAEs in summer and autumn,while winter is the opposite.The spatiotemporal variation of abnormal eddies is likely because the marine environment varying with time and space.Statistically,proportion of abnormal eddies increases rapidly in decaying stage during the whole eddy lifespan,resulting in smaller average radius,amplitude,sea surface temperature anomaly and sea surface height anomaly compared to normal ones.The three-dimensional composite structures for four types of eddies expose that the difference between abnormal and conventional eddies is not just limited to the sea surface,but also exists within the water below the sea surface.Vertical structures also indicate that the anomalous temperature signal is confined in the water from the sea surface to layers at about 30 m in the KE region.

关键词： mesoscale anomaly Kuroshio

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Research and Experience Reference on China’s Implementation of Low Carbon Strategy

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第6期12卷 57-80页

作者： Renrui Wang Department of geography and Environment London School of Economics and Political Science London UK

Economic development has brought about global greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn has brought about global climate change. This research paper aims to compare the strengths and weaknesses that China has demonstrated in the implementation of its low-carbon city strategy and to summarise the valuable experience that China can provide to the world in the implementation of its low-carbon city strategy. This essay analyses in depth the advantages that China has shown in the areas of renewable energy use and government mechanisms, as well as the shortcomings that it has shown in the areas of eco-efficiency industrial structure and capacity upgrading. Then, the paper summarises the successful experiences of the Chinese government in the establishment of renewable energy use and governmental mechanisms, such as the local government’s ability to coordinate multiple sectors (industrial sector, energy sector, etc.) and the implementation of responsibilities. In comparison, the paper also further discusses that China’s implementation of a low-carbon strategy in the future may have more eco-efficiency, industrial structure and capacity upgrading.

关键词： Low Carbon LCCP Renewable Energy Government Mechanism Eco-Efficiency Capacity Upgrade

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Geomorphology-oriented theoretical framework and construction method for value-added DEM

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第1期34卷 165-184页

作者： ZHANG Haiping TANG Guoan XIONG Liyang YANG Xin LI Fayuan Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of EducationNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China school of geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China

Digital elevation model(DEM)plays a fundamental role in the study of the earth system by expressing surface configuration,understanding surface process,and revealing surface mechanism.DEM is widely used in analysis and modeling in the field of geoscience.However,traditional DEM has the defect of single attribute,which is difficult to support the research in earth system science oriented to geoscience process and mechanism mining.Hence,realizing the value-added data model on the basis of traditional DEM is necessary to serve digital elevation modeling and terrain analysis under the background of a new geomorphology research paradigm and earth observation technology.A theoretical framework for value-added DEM that mainly includes concept,connotation,content,and categories,is constructed in this study.The relationship between different types of value-added DEMs as well as the research significance and application category of this theoretical framework are also proposed.The following are different methods of value-added DEMs:(1)value-added methods of DEM space and time dimensions that emphasize the integration of the ground and underground as well as coupling of time and space,(2)attribute-based value-added methods composed of material(including underground,surface,and ground)and morphological properties,and(3)value-added methods of features and physical elements that consider geographical objects and landform features formed by natural processes and artificial effects.The digital terrace,slope,and watershed models are used as examples to illustrate application scenarios of the three kinds of value-added methods.This study aims to improve expression methods of DEMs under the background of new surveying and mapping technologies by adding value to the DEM at three levels of dimensions,attributes,and elements as well as support knowledge-driven digital geomorphological analysis in the era of big data.

关键词： spatial data model value-added DEM digital terrain analysis geomorphological ontology geomorphology

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