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Heightened condition dependent expression of structural coloration in the faces,but not wings,of male and female flies

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 600-607页

作者： Thomas E White Amy Locke Tanya Latty school of life and environmental sciences The University of SydneySydney 2106Australia

Structurally colored sexual signals are a conspicuous and widespread class of ornament used in mate choice,though the extent to which they encode information on the quality of their bearers is not fully resolved.Theory predicts that signaling traits under strong sexual selection as honest indicators should evolve to be more developmentally integrated and exaggerated than nonsexual traits,thereby leading to heightened condition dependence.Here,we test this prediction through examination of the sexually dimorphic faces and wings of the cursorial fly Lispe cana.Males and females possess structural UV-white and golden faces,respectively,and males present their faces and wings to females during close-range,ground-based courtship displays,thereby creating the opportunity for mutual inspection.Across a field-collected sample of individuals,we found that the appearance of the faces of both sexes scaled positively with individual condition,though along separate axes.Males in better condition expressed brighter faces as modeled according to conspecific flies,whereas condition scaled with facial saturation in females.We found no such relationships for their wing interference pattern nor abdomens,with the latter included as a nonsexual control.Our results suggest that the structurally colored faces,but not the iridescent wings,of male and female L.cana are reliable guides to individual quality and support the broader potential for structural colors as honest signals.They also highlight the potential for mutual mate choice in this system,while arguing for 1 of several alternate signaling roles for wing interferences patterns among the myriad taxa which bear them.

关键词： honest signal iridescent mate choice sexual selection wing interference pattern

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Patterns and drivers of tree carbon stocks in Kashmir Himalayan forests:implications for climate change mitigation

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 812-824页

作者： Ashaq Ahmad Dar Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy Department of Ecology and environmental sciences School of Life SciencesPondicherry UniversityPuducherry 605014India

Background:Temperate forests are major carbon sinks because of their high storage potential and low decomposi-tion processes.We quantified tree carbon(TC)storage from 143 plots distributed across three major forest types of Kashmir Himalaya,relative to differences in ecological factors.Combined regression and Random Forest(RF)analysis were used to examine the distribution of TC stock along ecological gradients and recognize the role of driving factors on TC stocks.Results:Among the three forest types,sub-alpine(SA)forest was the primary TC sink,accounting for 228.73 t ha^(−1)of carbon,followed by mixed conifer(MC;181.29 t C ha^(−1))and blue pine(BP;133.04 t C ha^(−1))forests.The distribution of TC stocks among the three forest types differed significantly(χ^(2)=18.87;P=0.000).Relative carbon stock analysis demonstrated that Abies pindrow and Pinus wallichiana accounted 91%of TC stocks across the landscape.Basal area,mean diameter at breast height(DBH),elevation,disturbance and precipitation had significant effects on TC stocks in bivariate regression models.The RF model explained 86%of the variation;basal area interpreted 30.15%,followed by mean DBH(17.96%),disturbance complex(10.64%),precipitation(8.00%)and elevation(7.34%).Conclusions:Kashmir Himalayan forests are significant carbon sinks as they store a substantial quantum of carbon in trees.Forest carbon,an essential climatic indicator,is determined by a complex interaction of other ecological vari-ables,particularly stand structural features.The study provides insights into the role of these natural forests in climate change mitigation and in REDD+/national commitments to offset the carbon.

关键词： Carbon stock Climate change Coniferous forest Disturbance Kashmir Himalaya Stand structure

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Defoliation affects the root competitive balance for N between Poa annua plants grown in a split‐root box

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Grassland Research 2022年第2期1卷 94-102页

作者： Sayuki Mori Louis John Irving school of life and environmental sciences University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan

Background:Plants compete aboveground for light and belowground for patchily distributed nutrients.Defoliation causes an immediate loss of leaf area and photosynthetic capacity,leading to reduced root growth,with hypothesised implications for nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency.Methods:In Experiment 1,we grew single plants in split root boxes with N supplied equally or unequally,with half the plants subject to repeated defoliation to quantify the impact of each treatment.In Experiment 2,we grew pairs of Poa annua plants in three‐chamber split root boxes,with N supplied either to the outer chambers(no competition)or to a shared centre chamber(competition),to quantify the influence of defoliation on root competition.Results:In Experiment 1,defoliation caused a significant decrease in root mass but did not affect root distribution between chambers,while differential N supply led to an 11%increase in shoot mass.In Experiment 2,strong root competition was seen in undefoliated plants under competitive conditions.Where one plant was defoliated,the other exhibited increased shoot mass and N content in competitive,but not noncompetitive conditions.Conclusions:Our data suggest that plant belowground competitive success following defoliation may be strongly influenced by the spatial distribution of soil resources.

关键词： competition defoliation differential growth nitrogen nitrogen use efficiency Poa annua root

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Protein phase separation of plant nuclear pore complex

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Molecular Plant 2023年第6期16卷 973-974页

作者： Kentaro Tamura Masaya Koide school of Food and Nutritional sciences Department of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of ShizuokaShizuoka 422-8526Japan

The nuclear pore complex(NPC)is an evolutionally conserved channel that controls the exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.The pores of the NPC form a permeability barrier that allows free permeability of small molecules(<40 kDa or~5 nm in diameter)(Schmidt and Gorlich,2016).However,larger molecules must interact with nuclear transport receptors(NTRs)to overcome the NPC permeability barrier.

关键词： separation overcome pores

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Decadal (2003–2013) changes in liana diversity,abundance and aboveground biomass in four inland tropical dry evergreen forest sites of peninsular India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 133-146页

作者： Elumalai Pandian Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy Department of Ecology & environmental sciences School of Life Sciences Pondicherry University

In 2013, we re-inventoried all lianas （≥1 cm diameter measured at 1.3 m from the rooting point） in four I-ha permanent plots distributed one each in four sites of inland tropical dry evergreen forest on the Coromandel Coast （Pudukottai district） of peninsular India, established in 2003. Among the four sites, Shanmuganathapuram （SP） and Araiyapatti （AP） were much disturbed and the other two sites （Karisakkadu--KR and Maramadakki--MM） were moderately disturbed. We inventoried a total of 3425 lianas representing 37 species of 33 genera and 22 families. Over a decade （2003-2013） liana species richness increased at two sites （MM and SP） and no changes occurred at the other two sites. Liana abundance increased by 210, 211,164 and 162 individuals at sites AP, KR, MM and SP, respectively, and basal area increased （from 1.09 to 1.76 m2 at AP, 0.67 to 0.86 m2 at KR, 1.68 to 2.06 mz at MM, and from 0.44 to 1.06 m2 at SP）. Over a 10-year period, three species （Abrus precatorius, Canavalia virosa, and Cocculus hirsutus） were lost and five species （Gloriosa superba, Ampelocissus tomentosa, Capparis sepiaria, Aganosma cymosa and Tiliacora acuminata） were newly added. Total aboveground biomass increased by 18.5, 0.74, 3.6 and 9.5 Mg ha-1, respectively, at sites AP, KR, MM and SP.

关键词： Tropical dry evergreen forest Lianaabundance Re-inventory Aboveground biomassHuman disturbance Decadal change

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Ecological effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil enzyme activity

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 109-114页

作者： WANG Cong-yan Lv Yan-na LIU Xue-yan WANG Lei school of environmental sciences Jiangsu University school of life sciences Nantong University school of life sciences Nanjing University

The continuing increase in human activities is causing global changes such as increased deposition of atmospheric nitrogen. There is considerable interest in understanding the effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil enzyme activities, specifically in terms of global nitrogen cycling and its potential future contribution to global climate change. This paper summarizes the ecological effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil enzyme activities, including size-effects, stage-effects, site-effects, and the effects of different levels and forms of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. We discuss needs for further research on the relationship between atmospheric nitrogen deposition and soil enzymes.

关键词： global change nitrogen deposition soil enzyme activities

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Biomass derived Fe-N/C catalyst for efficiently catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and neutral pH conditions

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第1期34卷 465-468页

作者： Lin-Qian Yu Hao Wang Shu-La Chen Te-Er Wen Bao-Cheng Huang Ren-Cun Jin Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation School of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China

Fe-N/C is a promising oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalyst to substitute the current widely used precious metal platinum.Cost-effectively fabricating the Fe-N/C material with high catalytic activity and getting in-depth insight into the responsible catalytic site are of great significance.In this work,we proposed to use biomass,tea leaves waste,as the precursor to prepare ORR catalyst.By adding 5%FeCl3(wt%)into tea precursor,the pyrolysis product(i.e.,5%Fe-N/C)exhibited an excellent four-electron ORR activity,whose onset potential was only 10 m V lower than that of commercial Pt/C.The limiting current density of 5%Fe-N/C(5.75 m A/cm^(2))was even higher than Pt/C(5.44 m A/cm^(2)).Compared with other biomass or metal organic frameworks derived catalysts,5%Fe-N/C showed similar ORR activity.Also,both the methanol tolerance and material stability performances of as-prepared 5%Fe-N/C catalyst were superior to that of Pt/C.X-ray adsorption fine structure characterization revealed that the FeN4O2might be the possible catalytic site.An appropriate amount of iron chloride addition not only facilitated catalytic site formation,but also enhanced material conductivity and reaction kinetics.The results of this work may be useful for the Fe based transition metal ORR catalyst design and application.

关键词： Fe-N/C Oxygen reduction reaction Biomass Fe coordination Polyphenol

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The DEAD-box RNA helicase ZmRH48 is required for the splicing of multiple mitochondrial introns,mitochondrial complex biosynthesis,and seed development in maize

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第11期65卷 2456-2468页

作者： Yan-Zhuo Yang Shuo Ding Xin-Yuan Liu Chunhui Xu Feng Sun Bao-Cai Tan Key Laboratory of Plant Development and environmental Adaptation Biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

RNA helicases participate in nearly all aspects of RNA metabolism by rearranging RNAs or RNA–protein complexes in an adenosine triphosphatedependent manner.Due to the large RNA helicase families in plants,the precise roles of many RNA helicases in plant physiology and development remain to be clarified.Here,we show that mutations in maize(Zea mays)DEAD-box RNA helicase48(Zm RH48)impair the splicing of mitochondrial introns,mitochondrial complex biosynthesis,and seed development.Loss of Zm RH48 function severely arrested embryogenesis and endosperm development,leading to defective kernel formation.Zm RH48 is targeted to mitochondria,where its deficiency dramatically reduced the splicing efficiency of five cis-introns(nad5 intron 1;nad7 introns 1,2,and 3;and ccm Fc intron 1)and one trans-intron(nad2 intron 2),leading to lower levels of mitochondrial complexes I andⅢ.Zm RH48 interacts with two unique pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins,PPR-SMR1 and SPR2,which are required for the splicing of over half of all mitochondrial introns.PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2,and both proteins interact with P-type PPR proteins and Zm-m CSF1 to facilitate intron splicing.These results suggest that Zm RH48 is likely a component of a splicing complex and is critical for mitochondrial complex biosynthesis and seed development.

关键词： intron splicing maize mitochondria RNA helicase seed development ZmRH48

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Effects of exogenous short-chain N-acyl homoserine lactone on denitrifying process of Paracoccus denitrificans

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Journal of environmental sciences 2017年第4期29卷 33-39页

作者： Yun Cheng Yang Zhang Qiuxuan Shen Jie Gao Guoqiang Zhuang Xuliang Zhuang school of life sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Key Laboratory of environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

N-acyl-homoserine lactones（AHLs） serve as quorum-sensing signals, which control a number of bacterial processes in many proteobacteria. Here we report the effects of exogenous short-chain AHL on the denitrifying process of Paracoccus denitrificans, which are capable of aerobic and anaerobic growth by utilizing nitrate. The denitrification activity of these cells was monitored by measuring denitrification products（including nitrate, nitrite,and nitrous oxide）, and the individual messenger ribonucleic acid（m RNA） levels of nitrate,nitrite, nitric oxide and nitrous oxide reductases. The results indicated that 2 μmol/L C6-homoserine lactone（HSL） has little effect on cell density under either anaerobic or aerobic culture conditions, and the nitrate reduction activity appeared slightly affected by N-hexanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone（C6-HSL）. However, exogenous C6-HSL significantly affected the transcription of nitrite reductase and nitric oxide reductase genes in P.denitrificans regardless of the presence of oxygen, and N2O accumulation activity in P. denitrificans was suppressed by C6-HSL under aerobic condition. In contrast, exogenous C6-HSL stimulated the production of N2O under anaerobic condition, suggesting that the regulation of denitrification by quorum sensing may be important in N2O release.

关键词： Quorum sensing N-acyl-homoserine lactones Denitrification activity Transcriptional regulation

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Double-edged effect of sodium citrate in Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus):Promoting lipid and protein deposition vs.causing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 303-314页

作者： Jun-Xian Wang Fang Qiao Mei-Ling Zhang Li-Qiao Chen Zhen-Yu Du Yuan Luo Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and environmental Health(LANEH) School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina

Citrate is an essential substrate for energy metabolism that plays critical roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis.However,the action of citrate in regulating nutrient metabolism in fish remains poorly understood.Here,we investigated the effects of dietary sodium citrate on growth performance and systematic energy metabolism in juvenile Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).A total of 270Nile tilapia(2.81±0.01 g)were randomly divided into three groups(3 replicates per group,30 fish per replicate)and fed with control diet(35%protein and 6%lipid),2%and 4%sodium citrate diets,respectively,for 8 weeks.The results showed that sodium citrate exhibited no effect on growth performance(P>0.05).The whole-body crude protein,serum triglyceride and hepatic glycogen contents were significantly increased in the 4%sodium citrate group(P0.05).The 4%sodium citrate treatment significantly increased the serum glucose and insulin levels at the end of feeding trial and also in the glucose tolerance test(P<0.05).The 4%sodium citrate significantly enhanced the hepatic phosphofructokinase activity and inhibited the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 2 and phosphor-pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha proteins(P<0.05).Additionally,the 4%sodium citrate significantly increased hepatic triglyceride and acetyl-Co A levels,while the expressions of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a protein were significantly down-regulated by the 4%sodium citrate(P<0.05).Besides,the 4%sodium citrate induced crude protein deposition in muscle by activating m TOR signaling and inhibiting AMPK signaling(P<0.05).Furthermore,the 4%sodium citrate significantly suppressed serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities,along with the lowered expression of pro-inflammatory genes,such as nfκb,tnfa and il8(P<0.05).Although the 4%sodium citrate significantly increased phosphor-nuclear factor-k B p65 protein expression(P<0.05),no significant tissue dama

关键词： Sodium citrate Lipid and protein deposition Insulin resistance Nile tilapia

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