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Impact of different human walking patterns on flow and contaminant dispersion in residential kitchens:Dynamic simulation study

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Building Simulation 2022年第6期15卷 1051-1066页

作者： Lipeng Lv Yuhang Wu Changsheng Cao Lingjie Zeng Jun Gao Wuhao Xie Jing Zhang Institute of HVAC engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China College of environmental science and engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

The effects of different human walking patterns on contaminant dispersion in residential kitchens were investigated through computational fluid dynamics simulation with the dynamic mesh method.A tracer gas experiment was performed to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the simulation method.Flow characteristics induced by human walking were minutely described,and the transient capture efficiency of the range hood was adopted to assess the impact of human walking quantitatively.Human walking parallel to a counter,human walking parallel to a counter manned by another human,and human walking toward a counter were studied.Results showed that the mutual effect of the wake and thermal plume caused contaminant dispersion and decreased the performance of the range hood as the human subject walked beside the counter.Even a standing person operated ahead the counter,the wake would affect the thermal plume in a certain extent.The decrement of capture efficiency approached 0.5 in the most unfavorable situation.Moreover,the coaction of the positive/negative pressure zone and impinging air jet drew the thermal plume to the human body.The fluctuation of capture efficiency in this condition was moderate relative to that for the human walking pattern beside the counter.This research could provide a comprehensive overview of different human walking patterns and their impact on residential kitchens and thereby facilitate the maintenance of kitchen air quality.

关键词： human walking overset mesh method dynamic simulation flow characteristics residential kitchen

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Comparison of EB-radiolysis and UV/H_2O_2-degradation of CBZ in pure water and solutions

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2015年第2期26卷 38-44页

作者：郑明徐刚赵磊裴镜澄吴明红 school of environmental and Chemical engineering Shanghai University College of environmental science and engineering Tongji University

It was learned that 99 % degradation rate of carbamazepine(CBZ)(75 mg/L) in solutions was got under10 k Gy by EB(electron beam) irradiation while 15.74% and 96.02% CBZ(2 mg/L) degradation rate was got by UV and UV/H2O2 process in 180 min. EB-radiolysis was thought to be an efficient and energy-saving method to decompose CBZ in comparison of energy consumption between EB irradiation and UV/H2O2. Alkali metal cations which existed in surface water have little inhibition on the degradation of CBZ under EB and UV/H2O2 process. The anions usually existed in surface water had little suppression on EB-radiolysis of CBZ, while have an inhibition on UV-photodegradation of CBZ. Fe3+promoted the degradation under EB irradiation and UV(ultraviolet) irradiation because of being the OH· promoter. In addition, Fe2+hugely enhanced the degradation of CBZ under UV irradiation. On the basis of the intermediates' appearance during the radiolysis, the main degradation pathway for the mineralization of CBZ was proposed under EB irradiation. It came to a conclusion that EB-radiolysis was an efficient and energy-saving method to completely mineralize CBZ.

关键词：卡马西平降解率 UV 紫外光照射电子束辐照纯水紫外线降解速率

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Effect of oxide interactions on chromium speciation transformation during simulated municipal solid waste incineration

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第8期142卷 11-20页

作者： Guodong Zhao Chong Tian Peidong Wu Xuguang Zhang Zhikang Wang Xiaoxiang Chen Zhuo Xiong Yongchun Zhao Junying Zhang State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China school of Power and Mechanical engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China National environmental Protection engineering Technology Center for Trace Elements Pollution Control and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China school of environmental engineering Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China

Chromium released during municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)is toxic and carcinogenic.The removal of chromium from simulated MSWI flue gas by four sorbents(CaO,bamboo charcoal(BC),powdered activated carbon(PAC),and Al_(2)O_(3))and the effects of four oxides(SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),Fe_(2)O_(3),and CaO)on chromium speciation transformationwere investigated.The results showed that the removal rates of total Cr by the four sorbents were Al_(2)O_(3)

关键词： Cr(Ⅵ)reduction Cr(Ⅲ)oxidation Alkali oxides Acidic oxides Municipal solid waste incineration

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Characteristics of molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic matter in bromide-containing water and disinfection by-product formation properties during treatment processes

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Journal of environmental sciences 2018年第3期30卷 179-189页

作者： Ying Zhang Ning Zhang Peng Zhao Zhiguang Niu MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and environmental Criteria College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University school of Marine science and Technology Tianjin University

The characteristics of dissolved organic matter（DOM） and bromide ion concentration have a significant influence on the formation of disinfection by-products（DBPs）. In order to identify the main DBP precursors, DOM was divided into five fractions based on molecular weight（MW）, trihalomethane formation potential and haloacetic acid formation potential were determined for fractions, and the change in contents of different fractions and total DBPs during treatment processes（pre-chlorination, coagulation, sand filtration,disinfection） were studied. Moreover, the relationship between bromide concentration and DBP generation characteristics in processes was also analyzed. The results showed that the main DBP precursors were the fraction with MW 1 k Da and fraction with MW 3-10 k Da, and the DBP＇s generation ability of lower molecular weight DOM（ 10 k Da） was higher than that of higher molecular weight DOM. During different processes,pre-chlorination and disinfection had limited effect on removing organics but could alter the MW distribution, and coagulation and filtration could effectively remove organics with higher MW. For DBPs, trihalomethanes（THMs） were mainly generated in pre-chlorination and disinfection, while haloacetic acids（HAAs） were mostly generated during pre-chlorination; coagulation and sand filtration had little effect on THMs but resulted in a slight removal of HAAs. In addition, the results of ANOVA tests suggested that molecular sizes and treatment processes have significant influence on DBP formation. With increasing bromide concentration, the brominated DBPs significantly increased, but the bromine incorporation factor in the processes was basically consistent at each concentration.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Molecular weight distribution Bromine incorporation factor Water treatmentUltrafiltration

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MXene-derived TiO_(2)nanosheets decorated with Ag nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of ammonia at room temperature

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第19期114卷 233-239页

作者： Jie Wen Zihao Song Jiabao Ding Feihong Wang Hongpeng Li Jinyong Xu Chao Zhang College of Mechanical engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYancheng 224051China

Due to their large surface-to-volume ratio and low electronic noise,two-dimensional transition metal carbides(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)and their derived transition metal oxides have demonstrated significant potential for use in high-precision gas sensing.However,the construction of high-sensitivity Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based gas sensors operated at room temperature(RT)is still a major challenge.Herein,we demonstrate a sensitive nanocomposite prepared by uniformly anchoring silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-derived transition metal oxide(TiO_(2))nanosheets for high-sensitivity NH_(3) detection.AgNPs can not only serve as spacers to effectively prevent the restacking of MXene-derived TiO_(2)nanosheets and ensure an effective transmission highway for target gas molecules,but also enhance the sensitivity of the sensor through chemical and electronic sensitization.By integrating the unique merits of the individual components and the synergistic effects of the composites,the optimized Ag@TiO_(2)nanocomposite-based sensors revealed an extraordinary response value of 71.8 to 50 ppm NH_(3) at RT with a detection limit as low as 5 ppm.In addition,the Ag@TiO_(2)NH_(3) sensor also exhibits excellent selectivity and outstanding repeatability.This strategy provides an avenue for the development of MXene derivatives for advanced gas sensors.

关键词： Ti_(3)C_(2)T x MXene derivative TiO_(2) Ag nanoparticles Gas sensor

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Lattice Boltzmann model for shallow water in curvilinear coordinate grid

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第2期29卷 251-260页

作者：赵庄明黄平李少钿 South China Institute of environmental sciences the Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC Department of environmental science School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSun Yat-sen University

In this study, a multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann model for shallow water in a curvilinear coordinate grid is developed using the generalized form of the interpolation supplemented lattice Boltzmann method. The Taylor-Colette flow tests show that the proposed model enjoys a second order accuracy in space. The proposed model is applied to three types of meandering channels with 180°, 90°and 60° consecutive bends. The numerical results demonstrate that the simulated results agree well with previous computational and experimental data. In addition, the model can achieve the acceptable accuracy in terms of the water depth and the depth-averaged velocities for shallow water flows in curved and meandering channels over a wide range of bend angles.

关键词： Curvilinear coordinate lattice Boltzmann method meandering flow multi-relaxation-time model shallow water

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An efficient way to enhance the total nitrogen removal efficiency of the Anammox process by S^0-based short-cut autotrophic denitrification

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Journal of environmental sciences 2019年第7期31卷 214-224页

作者： Fangmin Chen Xiang Li Yan Yuan Yong Huang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology National and Local Joint engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology

In order to reduce the amount of NO_3^-–N generated by the Anammox process, and alleviate the competition between denitrification and Anammox for NO_2^-–N in a single reactor, the preference of S^0 for reacting with coexisting NO_2^-–N and NO_3^-–N in the sulfur autotrophic denitrifying(SADN) process and the coupling effect of short-cut SADN and the Anammox process were studied. The results showed that S^0 preferentially reacted with NO_3^-to produce NO_2^-–N, and then reacted with NO_2^-–N when NO_3^-–N was insufficient, which could effectively alleviate the competition between SADN bacteria(SADNB) and Anammox bacteria(An AOB) for NO_2^-–N. After 170 days of operation, coupling between short-cut S^0-SADN and the Anammox process was first successfully achieved. SADNB converted the NO_3^-–N generated by the Anammox process into NO_2^-–N, which was once again available to An AOB. The total nitrogen removal efficiency eventually stabilized at over 95%, and the effluent NO_3^-–N was controlled within 10 mg/L, when high NH_4^+–N wastewater was treated by the Anammox process. Microbial community analysis further showed that Candidatus Brocadia and Thiobacillus were the functional microorganisms for An AOB and SADNB.

关键词： Anammox Sulfur autotrophic denitrification with S0 as electron donor (S0-SADN) Coupling Enhanced nitrogen removal

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δ-MnO_(2) decorated layered double oxides in-situ grown on nickel foam towards electrothermal catalysis of n-heptane

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Journal of environmental sciences 2023年第4期126卷 308-320页

作者： Chaoqi Chen Shunzheng Zhao Xiaolong Tang Honghong Yi Fengyu Gao Qingjun Yu Jun Liu Weixiao Wang Tian Tang Xianzheng Meng Department of environmental engineering School of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants Beijing 100083China

Energy-saving and efficient monolithic catalysts are hotspots of catalytic purification of industrial gaseous pollutants.Here,we have developed an electrothermal catalytic mode,in which the ignition temperature required for the reaction is provided by Joule heat generated when the current flows through the catalyst.In this paper,Mn/NiAl/NF,Mn/NiFe/NF and Mn/NF metal-based monolithic catalysts were prepared using nickel foam (NF) as the carrier for thermal and electrothermal catalysis of n-heptane.The results indicated that Mn-based monolithic catalysts exhibit high activity in thermal and electrothermal catalysis.Mn/NiFe/NF achieve conversion of n-heptane more than 99%in electrothermal catalysis under a direct-current (DC) power of 6 W,and energy-saving is 54% compared with thermal catalysis.In addition,the results indicated that the introduction of NiAl (or NiFe) greatly enhanced the catalytic activity of Mn/NF,which attributed to the higher specific surface area,Mn3+/Mn4+,Ni3+/Ni^(2+),adsorbed oxygen species (Oads)/lattice oxygen species (Olatt),redox performance of the catalyst.Electrothermal catalytic activity was significantly higher than thermal catalytic activity before complete conversion,which may be related to electronic effects.Besides,Mn/NiFe/NF has good cyclic and long-term stability in electrothermal catalysis.This paper provided a theoretical basis for applying electrothermal catalysis in the field of VOCs elimination.

关键词： Monolithic catalyst MnO_(2) Electric heating n-Heptane

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Effect of Intertidal Elevation at Tsuyazaki Cove,Fukuoka,Japan on Survival Rate of Horseshoe Crab Tachypleus tridentatus Eggs

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第3期21卷 601-610页

作者： ITAYA Shinji SHUUNO Mari ONIKURA Norio TAI Akira YANO Shinichiro environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Department of Urban and Environmental EngineeringGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan Tsuyazaki Seaside Nature school Fukutsu811-3304Japan Fishery Research Laboratory Department of Bioresource ScienceGraduate School of Bioenvironmental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan

Physical factors affecting the survival of Tachypleus tridentatus eggs were investigated by translocating their eggs between the high intertidal zone and the low intertidal zone of a known spawning site.The mean egg survival rates per day were highest in the mid intertidal zone(45.1%±25.4%)and the lowest in the low intertidal zone(13.3%±27.6%).Differences in the elevation,air exposure time,and water content of the spawning ground were significant factors determining the egg survival rates.Excessive or insufficient air exposure time resulted in inadequate water content at higher and lower intertidal zones and could reduce egg survival.On the other hand,moderate saturation and dehydration were repeated with each tidal movement in the mid intertidal zone.This dynamic is considered as one of the crucial factors for the survival of eggs and is considered optimal for spawning.Therefore,the protection of the mid intertidal zone is imperative for maximizing the egg survival rate in Tsuyazaki Cove where almost all suitable nesting sites have disappeared due to coastal development.By protecting these optimal sites for spawning and recovering other optimal sites on suitable beaches,a positive contribution can be made to future management and conservation.The study also suggests that translocating eggs from marginal to optimal spawning sites might be a recovery strategy for this globally endangered species.

关键词： air exposure time globally endangered species intertidal elevation intertidal zone optimal spawning site Tachypleus tridentatus translocated horseshoe crab eggs Tsuyazaki Cove

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Metal phosphides and borides as the catalytic host of sulfur cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第5期29卷 990-1002页

作者： Rui Gao Zhenyu Wang Sheng Liu Guangjie Shao Xueping Gao College of environmental and Chemical engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China school of Materials science and engineering Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

Lithium−sulfur batteries are one of the most competitive high-energy batteries due to their high theoretical energy density of _(2)600 W·h·kg^(−1).However,their commercialization is limited by poor cycle stability mainly due to the low intrinsic electrical conductivity of sulfur and its discharged products(Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S),the sluggish reaction kinetics of sulfur cathode,and the“shuttle effect”of soluble intermediate lithi-um polysulfides in ether-based electrolyte.To address these challenges,catalytic hosts have recently been introduced in sulfur cathodes to en-hance the conversion of soluble polysulfides to the final solid products and thus prevent the dissolution and loss of active-sulfur material.In this review,we summarize the recent progress on the use of metal phosphides and borides of different dimensions as the catalytic host of sulfur cathodes and demonstrate the catalytic conversion mechanism of sulfur cathodes with the help of metal phosphides and borides for high-en-ergy and long-life lithium-sulfur batteries.Finally,future outlooks are proposed on developing advanced catalytic host materials to improve battery performance.

关键词： lithium–sulfur batteries sulfur cathode catalytic host metal phosphides metal borides

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