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The short and long-term effect of polystyrene nanoplastics on nitrifying sludge at high nitrite concentrations

Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 222-231页

作者： Xiaolong Wang Jialu Huang Zhiqiang Qi Ruiqin Kang Chao Du Da Li school of Chemical and environmental engineering Anyang Institute of TechnologyAnyang 455000China Henan Licheng environmental Technology Co. Ltd.Anyang 455000China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

The effect of nanoplastics(NPs)on nitrite oxidation bacteria(NOB)community in treating high-strength wastewater remains unclear,which seriously affects the stability of nitrogen removal *** this study,highly active nitrifying sludge was enriched and exposed to 50nm polystyrene NPs(PS-NPs)for short-term(1,100,500,and 1000 mg/L,1.5 hr)and long-term(1,10,100 mg/L,40 days)at high nitrite *** contrast to previous studies,our results showed that the exposures to PS-NPs had little effect on nitrifying *** long-term exposure,the protein/polysaccharide ratios in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)were positively correlated with PS-NPs concentrations(0.78–0.99).The produced reactive oxygen species(ROS)were gradually removed,and PS-NPs higher than 10 mg/L caused damage to membrane ***-term exposure for 40 days increased the community diversity and caused significant differences between the control and exposed *** control group were dominated by Nitrobacter and Exiguobacterium,while the exposure group was dominated by Bacillus,Mycobacterium,and Nitrospira.A noticeable shift in the NOB community from Nitrobacter(26.5%to 3.4%)to Nitrospira(1.61%to 14.27%)was observed.A KEGG analysis indicated a decrease in cell growth and death,cell motility and energy *** appeared that NOB could adapt to PS-NPs stress through enhanced secretion and removal of oxidative ***,this study provided new insights into the response mechanism of NOB to PS-NPs exposure.

关键词： Nanoplastics Nitrifying activity Extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) Exposure Community analysis

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Impact of well placement and flow rate on production efficiency and stress field in the fractured geothermal reservoirs

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Deep Underground Science and engineering 2024年第3期3卷 358-368页

作者： Xinghui Wu Meifeng Cai Xu Wu Ketong Zhang Ziqing Yin Yu Zhu school of City and Architecture engineering Zaozhuang UniversityZaozhuangChina school of Civil and Resource engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina Beijing municipal engineering Research Institute BeijingChina Department of Civil and environmental engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgowUK

Geothermal energy has gained wide attention as a renewable alternative for mitigating greenhouse gas *** advancements in enhanced geothermal system technology have enabled the exploitation of previously inaccessible geothermal ***,the extraction of geothermal energy from deep reservoirs poses many challenges due to high‐temperature and high‐geostress *** factors can significantly impact the surrounding rock and its fracture formation.A comprehensive understanding of the thermal–hydraulic–mechanical(THM)coupling effect is crucial to the safe and efficient exploitation of geothermal *** study presented a THM coupling numerical model for the geothermal reservoir of the Yangbajing geothermal *** proposed model investigated the geothermal exploitation performance and the stress distribution within the reservoir under various combinations of geothermal wells and mass flow *** geothermal system performance was evaluated by the criteria of outlet temperature and geothermal *** results indicate that the longer distance between wells can increase the outlet temperature of production wells and improve extraction efficiency in the short *** contrast,the shorter distance between wells can reduce the heat exchange area and thus mitigate the impact on the reservoir stress.A larger mass flow rate is conducive to the production capacity enhancement of the geothermal system and,in turn causes a wider range of stress *** findings provide valuable insights into the optimization of geothermal energy extraction while considering reservoir safety and long‐term *** study deepens the understanding of the THM coupling effects in geothermal systems and provides an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for a geothermal energy system.

关键词： geothermal exploitation performance geothermal reservoir mass flow rate stress field well placementa

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A Secure Mutual Authentication Protocol Based on Visual Cryptography Technique for IoT-Cloud

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 43-57页

作者： Brou Bernard Ehui Chen CHEN Shirui WANG Hua GUO Jianwei LIU school of Cyber Sciences and Technology Beihang University State Key Laboratory of Software Development environment Beihang University Sino-French engineering school Beihang University Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang

Because of the increasing number of threats in the IoT cloud, an advanced security mechanism is needed to guard data against hacking or attacks. A user authentication mechanism is also required to authenticate the user accessing the cloud services. The conventional cryptographic algorithms used to provide security mechanisms in cloud networks are often vulnerable to various cyber-attacks and inefficient against new attacks. Therefore,developing new solutions based on different mechanisms from traditional cryptography methods is required to protect data and users’ privacy from attacks. Different from the conventional cryptography method, we suggest a secure mutual authentication protocol based on the visual cryptography technique in this paper. We use visual cryptography to encrypt and decrypt the secret images. The mutual authentication is based on two secret images and *** user requests the ticket from the authentication server(AS) to obtain the permission for accessing the cloud services. Three shared secret keys are used for encrypting and decrypting the authentication process. We analyze the protocol using the Barrows-Abadi-Needham(BAN)-logic method and the results show that the protocol is robust and can protect the user against various attacks. Also, it can provide a secure mutual authentication mechanism.

关键词： Visualization Cloud computing Data privacy Protocols Biometrics (access control) Authentication Resists

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Insights into photocatalytic mechanism over a novel Cu_(2)WS_(4)/MoS_(2) S-scheme heterojunction

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 3118-3133页

作者： Wei Zhao Ji-Hui Cao Jun-Jie Liao Yun Liu Xiao-Jun Zeng Jun-Yu Shen Xue-Kun Hong Yang Guo He-Hua Zeng Ya-Zi Liu school of Materials engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional MaterialsSchool of Electronic and Information EngineeringChangshu Institute of TechnologyChangshu215500China school of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Changji UniversityChangji 831100China State environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil environmental Management and Pollution Control Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesNanjing 210023China school of environment Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-RemediationNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Chemical engineering Curtin UniversityPerthWA6845Australia

A novel efficient Cu_(2)WS_(4)/MoS_(2) step-scheme(S-scheme)heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed for the first time and applied in the removal of environmental *** the as-prepared photocatalysts,the Cu_(2)WS_(4)/MoS_(2)-8%heterojunc tion photoc atalyst demonstrates the optimal photocatalytic performance,with the catalytic oxidation efficiency of tetracycline(TC)and the catalytic reduction efficiency of Cr^(6+)reaching 93.3%and 82.1%,*** excellent catalytic properties of Cu_(2)WS_(4)/MoS_(2) heterojunction photocatalysts are attributed to the effective separation pathways of charges and the presence of S-scheme heterojunctions,together with stronger redox *** is speculated that the photogenerated carrier migration path of the Cu_(2)WS_(4)/MoS_(2) catalyst follows the typical S-scheme photocatalytic mechanism,which is verified by the in-depth experimental study and simulated calculations including the electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analysis,free radical quenching experiments,charge density distribution,and simulated built-in electric field formation at the interface,which acts as driving force to promote the separation of photoinduced electrons and ***,the photocatalytic mechanism of S-scheme photogenerated carrier migration for the Cu_(2)WS_(4)/MoS_(2) catalyst is revealed based on the systematic experimental techniques and simulated calculations,accounting for its superior photocatalytic oxidation and reduction *** study provides inspiring implications to develop high-efficient S-scheme photocatalytic systems for versatile applications in solarenergy conversion.

关键词： Cu_(2)WS_(4)/MoS_(2) S-scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysis

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Exceptional electrostrain with minimal hysteresis and superior temperature stability under low electric field in KNN-based lead-free piezoceramics

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第3期13卷 364-372页

作者： Huan Liu Yijin Hao Ziqi Yang Tianyi Feng Bin Su Xin Zhang Mengping Xue Bo-Ping Zhang Jing-Feng Li Beijing municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Over the past two decades,(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_(3)(KNN)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have made significant ***,attaining a high electrostrain with remarkable temperature stability and minimal hysteresis under low electric fields has remained a significant *** address this long-standing issue,we have employed a collaborative approach that combines defect engineering,phase engineering,and relaxation *** LKNNS-6BZH ceramic,when sintered at T_(sint)=1170℃,demonstrates an impressive electrostrain with a d_(33) value of 0.276%and 1379 pm·V^(-1)under 20 kV·cm^(-1),which is comparable to or even surpasses that of other lead-free and Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)***,the electrostrain performance of this ceramic remains stable up to a temperature of 125℃,with the lowest hysteresis observed at 9.73%under 40 kV·cm^(-1).These excellent overall performances are attributed to the presence of defect dipoles involving V′_(A)-V∙∙_(O) and B′_(Nb)-V∙∙O,the coexistence of R-O-T multiphase,and the tuning of the trade-off between long-range ordering and local *** work provides a lead-free alternative for piezoelectric actuators and a paradigm for designing piezoelectric materials with outstanding comprehensive performance under low electric fields.

关键词： lead-free piezoelectric ceramics temperature stability electrostrain potassium sodium niobate low hysteresis

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Research progress and prospect of low-carbon biological technology for nitrate removal in wastewater treatment

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2024年第7期18卷 1-21页

作者： Ru Zheng Kuo Zhang Lingrui Kong Sitong Liu College of environmental Sciences and engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education of ChinaBeijing 100871China Eco-environment and Resource Efficiency Research Laboratory School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China

Wastewater treatment plants are the major energy consumers and significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions,among which biological nitrogen removal of wastewater is an important contributor to carbon ***,traditional heterotrophic denitrification still has the problems of excessive residual sludge and the requirement of external carbon ***,the development of innovative low-carbon nitrate removal technologies is *** review outlines the key roles of sulfur autotrophic denitrification and hydrogen autotrophic denitrification in low-carbon wastewater *** discovered nitrate/nitrite dependent anaerobic methane oxidation enables sustainable methane emission reduction and nitrogen removal by utilizing available methane in *** microorganisms exhibited a promising potential to achieve carbon-negative nitrate ***,the algal-bacterial symbiosis system and photogranules offer effective and prospective low-carbon options for nitrogen ***,the emerging nitrate removal technology of photoelectrotrophic denitrification and the underlying,photoelectron transfer mechanisms are ***,we summarize and prospect these technologies,highlighting that solar-driven biological nitrogen removal technology is a promising area for future sustainable wastewater *** review has important guiding significance for the design of low-carbon wastewater treatment systems.

关键词： Carbon emissions Low-carbon Biological nitrogen removal Denitrification

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High efficiency removal of NO using waste calcium carbide slag by facile KOH modification

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 182-192页

作者： Fang Wang Hui Li Jiyun Gao Na Geng Enzhu Jiang Futing Xia Mingwu Xiang Lijuan Jia Ping Ning school of Chemistry and environment Yunnan Minzu UniversityKunming 650504China Faculty of environmental Science and engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China

Waste calcium carbide slags(CS),which are widely applied to desulfurisation,are not typically used in ***,to well achieve waste control by waste,a facile and highefficiency denitration strategy is developed using KOH to modify the calcium carbide slags(KCS).Various KCS samples were investigated using a series of physical and chemical *** performance test results showed that the KOH concentration and reaction temperature are the main factors affecting the denitration efficiency of KCS,and CS modified with 1.5 mol/L KOH(KCS-1.5)can achieve 100% denitration efficiency at 300℃.Such excellent removal efficiency is due to the catalytic oxidation of the oxygen-containing functional groups derived from the *** studies showed that KOH treatment significantly increased the concentration of oxygen vacancies,nitro compounds,and basic sites of *** study provides a novel strategy for the resource utilisation of waste CS in the future.

关键词： Waste Carbide slag KOH Effective denitration

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Distinct effect of preparation methods on reaction efficiency of Mn-Ce/Al2O3 catalysts in low-temperature NH3-SCR

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1865-1872页

作者： Shijie Hao Yandi Cai Wei Wei Yanan Lv Jiawei Ji Wei Tan Jingfang Sun Liwei Jia Changjin Tang Lin Dong State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of EnvironmentJiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions ControlCenter of Modern AnalysisKey Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Wuxi Weifu environmental Catalysts Co. Ltd. school of environment Nanjing Normal University

In this study,a series of Mn-Ce/Al2O3catalysts was prepared by different methods of depositionprecipitation（MnCeAl-DP）,impregnation（MnCeAl-IM） and citric acid（MnCeAl-CA）,and the distinct effect of preparation methods on NOxremoval performance at low temperature was *** show that MnCeAl-DP exhibits not only the best activity but also the highest resistance against SO2/*** the assistance of comprehensive characterizations from scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,H2-temperature programmed reduction（H2-TPR）,NH3-te mperature programmed deso rption（NH3-TPD）,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,it is revealed that the MnCeAl-DP sample owns admired features of large surface area and pore volume,enriched Mn4+and chemisorbed oxygen species originating from enhanced interaction between MnOxand CeO2,as well as improved adsorption capacity to NH3and *** these factors contribute to activity *** in-situ DRIFTS studies reveal that the improvement of NH3-SCR performance over MnCeAI-DP is related to the formation of abundant nitrate species,which is beneficial to the "NH4NO3" reaction pathway and thus enhances low-temperature activity.

关键词： Fast SCR Low temperature Mn-Ce/Al2O3 catalysts NH3-SCR NH4NO3 Rare earths

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The Effect of External Magnetic Field on Electron Scale Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第9期24卷 236-247页

作者： D.Tsiklauri Joule Physics Laboratory School of ScienceEngineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordManchesterM54WTUK

We use particle-in-cell,fully electromagnetic,plasma kinetic simulation to study the effect of external magnetic field on electron scale Kelvin–Helmholtz instability(ESKHI).The results are applicable to collisionless plasmas when,e.g.,solar wind interacts with planetary magnetospheres or a magnetic field is generated in AGN *** find that as in the case of magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)KHI,in the kinetic regime,the presence of an external magnetic field reduces the growth rate of the *** the MHD case,there is a known threshold magnetic field for KHI stabilization,while for ESKHI this is to be analytically *** a kinetic analytical expression,we use several numerical simulation runs to establish an empirical dependence of ESKHI growth rate,Γ(B_(0))ω_(pe),on the strength of the applied external magnetic *** find the best fit is hyperbolic,Γ(B_(0))ω_(pe)=Γ_(0)ω_(pe)/(A+BB_(0)),where Γ_(0) is the ESKHI growth rate without an external magnetic field and B_(0)=B_(0)/B_(MHD)is the ratio of external and two-fluid MHD stability threshold magnetic field,derived *** analytical theory to back up this growth rate dependence on the external magnetic field is *** results suggest that in astrophysical settings where a strong magnetic field pre-exists,the generation of an additional magnetic field by the ESKHI is suppressed,which implies that nature provides a“safety valve”—natural protection not to“over-generate”magnetic field by the ESKHI ***,we find that our two-fluid MHD threshold magnetic field is the same(up to a factor √γ_(0))as the DC saturation magnetic field,previously predicted by fully kinetic theory.

关键词： instabilities magnetic fields plasmas Sun:heliosphere ISM:magnetic fields

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Anthropogenic mineral generation and its potential resource supply:The case of niobium

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2583-2591页

作者： Xianlai ZENG Moisés Gómez Mahmoud BAKRY Yong GENG Jinhui LI school of environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China school of environmental Science and engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China school of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

The strategy of carbon neutrality is reshaping the global landscape of resource flow and *** the final sink of geological minerals,the proliferated anthropogenic minerals,also called secondary resources,play an increasingly important role in resource supply *** is a critical metal that lacks full concern for its *** fundamental principle of niobium circularity is to recycle and maintain the material as close to the manufacturing process as *** we estimate the niobium-containing applications lost at their end-of-life,underscoring the imperative to minimize such ***,we elucidate the extraction processes for scrap and alloy quantities throughout the industry's *** from anticipated waste generated by the majority of niobium applications,a forecast indicates a potential loss of approximately 168 kt by 2090 in the absence of ***,with a recycling efficiency of 90%for niobium,the projected loss diminishes to approximately 16 *** delve into the significance of niobium's circular economy and explore various aspects that demand further investigation for a seamless transition from linear to circular practices.

关键词： Niobium Anthropogenic mineral Circular economy Recycling Sustainability

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