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Microbial-driven ectopic uranium extraction with net electrical energy production

Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 49-58页

作者： Xin Tang Yin Ye Chunlin Wang Bingqian Wang Zemin Qin Cui Li Yanlong Chen Yuheng Wang Zhiling Li Miao Lv Aijie Wang Fan Chen school of Ecology and environment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China school of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Faculty of Geosciences and environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China

The extraction of uranium (U) from U-bearing wastewater is of paramount importance for mitigating negative environmental impacts and recovering U resources. Microbial reduction of soluble hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) to insoluble tetravalent uranium (U(IV)) holds immense potential for this purpose, but its practical application has been impeded by the challenges associated with managing U-bacterial mixtures and the biotoxicity of U. To address these challenges, we present a novel spontaneous microbial electrochemical (SMEC) method that spatially decoupled the microbial oxidation reaction and the U(VI) reduction reaction. Our results demonstrated stable and efficient U extraction with net electrical energy production, which was achieved with both synthetic and real wastewater. U(VI) removal occurred via diffusion-controlled U(VI)-to-U(IV) reduction-precipitation at the cathode, and the UIVO_(2) deposited on the surface of the cathode contributed to the stability and durability of the abiotic U(VI) reduction. Metagenomic sequencing revealed the formation of efficient electroactive communities on the anodic biofilm and enrichment of the key functional genes and metabolic pathways involved in electron transfer, energy metabolism, the TCA cycle, and acetate metabolism, which indicated the ectopic reduction of U(VI) at the cathode. Our study represents a significant advancement in the cost-effective recovery of U from U(VI)-bearing wastewater and may open a new avenue for sustainable uranium extraction.

关键词： U(VI)bioreduction Electricity production Reaction decoupling Uranium-bearing wastewater Biofilm microbiome

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High-throughput microfluidic production of carbon capture microcapsules:fundamentals,applications,and perspectives

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第3期6卷 330-361页

作者： Xiangdong Liu Wei Gao Yue Lu Liangyu Wu Yongping Chen College of Electrical Energy and Power EngineeringYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu 225127People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096People’s Republic of China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and energy Application School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSuzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhouJiangsu 215009People’s Republic of China

In the last three decades,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources.To address this pressing issue,the importance of reducing CO_(2) emissions has grown,leading to increased attention toward carbon capture,utilization,and storage strategies.Among these strategies,monodisperse microcapsules,produced by using droplet microfluidics,have emerged as promising tools for carbon capture,offering a potential solution to mitigate CO_(2) emissions.However,the limited yield of microcapsules due to the inherent low flow rate in droplet microfluidics remains a challenge.In this comprehensive review,the high-throughput production of carbon capture microcapsules using droplet microfluidics is focused on.Specifically,the detailed insights into microfluidic chip fabrication technologies,the microfluidic generation of emulsion droplets,along with the associated hydrodynamic considerations,and the generation of carbon capture microcapsules through droplet microfluidics are provided.This review highlights the substantial potential of droplet microfluidics as a promising technique for large-scale carbon capture microcapsule production,which could play a significant role in achieving carbon neutralization and emission reduction goals.

关键词： carbon capture microcapsules droplet microfluidic high-throughput production carbon neutralization

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Building a domain-specific compiler for emerging processors with a reusable approach

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 20-38页

作者： Mingzhen LI Yi LIU Bangduo CHEN Hailong YANG Zhongzhi LUAN Depei QIAN State Key Laboratory of Software Development environment school of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University

High-performance computing and deep learning domains have been motivating the design of domain-specific processors.Although these processors can provide promising computation capability,they are notorious for exotic programming paradigms.To improve programming productivity and fully exploit the performance potential of these processors,domain-specific compilers(DSCs) have been proposed.However,building DSCs for emerging processors requires tremendous engineering efforts because the commonly used compilation stack is difficult to be reused.Owing to the advent of multilevel intermediate representation(MLIR),DSC developers can leverage reusable infrastructure to extend their customized functionalities without rebuilding the entire compilation stack.In this paper,we further demonstrate the effectiveness of MLIR by extending its reusable infrastructure to embrace a heterogeneous many-core processor(Sunway processor).In particular,we design a new Sunway dialect and corresponding backend for the Sunway processor,fully exploiting its architectural advantage and hiding its programming complexity.To show the ease of building a DSC,we leverage the Sunway dialect and existing MLIR dialects to build a stencil compiler for the Sunway processor.The experimental results show that our stencil compiler,built with a reusable approach,can even perform better than state-of-the-art stencil compilers.

关键词： domain-specific compiler emerging processor reusable dialect performance optimization MLIR

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Progress and challenges of electrolyte modulation in aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 2940-2967页

作者： Qi-Hang Yang Lu-Fei Wang Xiao-Yu Wang Meng-Meng Zhen Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean energy and Pollution Control School of Energy and Environmental EngineeringHebei University of Technology

As a new type of green battery system,aqueous zinc-ion batteries（AZIBs） have gradually become a research hotspot due to their low cost,high safety,excellent stability,high theoretical capacity(820 mAh·g-1) of zinc anode,and low redox potential(-0.76 V vs.standard hydrogen electrode（SHE）).AZIBs have been expected to be an alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale commercial energy storage applications.Unfortunately,they are facing thorny issues such as degradation of cycling performance,zinc dendrites,and side reactions.At the same time,these problems cause short cycling life of batteries,thus severely limiting their commercial application.In recent years,many more researches have been conducted on the modification of anode and cathode materials of AZIBs,but there is a lack of in-depth discussion on the characteristics and mechanism of electrolyte additives.In this review,we will make a systematic summary of the current problems with two electrodes in AZIBs,as well as the types and functions of electrolyte additives.Moreover,we further systematically describe the modulation mechanism of electrolyte additives in the performance of the cathode and anode.The prospects and development directions of additive modulation strategies for AZIBs electrolytes are prospected.

关键词： Electrolyte additives Aqueous zinc-ion batteries Zinc anode protection Cathode chemistry

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Effect of relative humidity on the desulfurization performance of calcium-based desulfurizer

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 179-188页

作者： Juan Lǖ Yu Fu Haiyan Yu HuanWang Zhe Wang Haiyan Chen school of environment and Resource Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Guangyuan Emergency Management bureau Guangyuan 628000China

Low desulfurization efficiency impedes the wide application of dry desulfurization technology,which is a low-cost and simple process,and one significant solution is the development and manufacture of high-performance desulfurizers.In this study,firstly,a steam jet mill was used to digest quicklime;then,we utilized numerical simulation to study the flow field distribution and analyze the driving factors of quicklime digestion;and lastly,the desulfurization performance of the desulfurizer was evaluated under different relative humidities.The results show that the desulfurizer prepared via the steam jet mill had better apparent activity than traditional desulfurizers.Also,the entire jet flow field of the steam jet mill is in a supersonic and highly turbulent flow state,with high crushing intensity and good particle acceleration performance.Sufficient contact with the nascent surface maximizes the formation of slaked lime.The experiments demonstrated that the operating time with 100%desulfurization efficiency and the“break-through”time for the desulfurizer prepared via the steam jet mill is longer than that of traditional desulfurizers,and has significant advantages,especially at low flue gas relative humidity.Compared with traditional desulfurizers,the desulfurizer prepared via steam jet mill expands the range of acceptable flue gas temperature,and the failure temperature is 1.625 times that of traditional desulfurizers.This work breaks through the technical bottleneck of low dry desulfurization efficiency,which is an important step in pushing forward the application of dry desulfurization.

关键词： Dry desulfurization Relative humidity Desulfurization efficiency High-efficiency desulfurizer Quicklime digestion

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Jellyfish bio-inspired Fe@CNT@CuNC derived from ZIF-8 for cathodic oxygen reduction

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2352-2359页

作者： Kai Cheng Zequan Liu Demin Jiang Min Song Yuqiao Wang Research Center for Nano Photoelectrochemistry and Devices School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189China Yangtze River Delta Carbon Neutrality Strategy Development Institute Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China school of energy and environment Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Biomimetics provides guidance to design and synthesize advanced catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in microbial fuel cells(MFCs).Herein,jellyfish-inspired Fe clusters on carbon nanotubes connected with CuNC(Fe@CNT@CuNC)were designed and prepared by using zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF)-8 precursors to imitate the organic texture and function of jellyfish.The antibacterial effect of Cu^(+)ions depressed the growth of cathode biofilm to ensure rapid mass transport.Fe clusters and CuNC connected by CNTs accelerated the electron transfer from Fe to CuNC.The optimization of oxygen adsorption was caused by electron redistribution between sites of Fe and Cu.Jellyfish-like catalysts achieved a half-wave potential of 0.86 V and onset potential of 0.95 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE).MFCs gained the maximum power density of 1600 mW·m^(-2) after 500 h measurement.This work provides insights into the special design of advanced catalysts based on bio-inspiration and biomimetics.

关键词： bio-inspiration oxygen reduction reaction antibacterial ability microbial fuel cells density functional theory(DFT)rational design

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Comparison of Rotating Stall Warning by Different Methods for Variable Speed Configurations in a Contra-Rotating Compressor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1379-1393页

作者： XUE Fei WANG Yan'gang LIU Qian WU Tong LIU Hanru school of Power and energy Northwestern Polytechnical University

Stall in compressors can cause performance degradation and even lead to disasters.These unacceptable consequences can be avoided by timely monitoring stall inception and taking effective measures.This paper focused on the rotating stall warning in a low-speed axial contra-rotating compressor.Firstly,the stall disturbance characteristics under different speed configurations were analyzed.The results showed that as the speed ratio(RR)increased,the stall disturbance propagation speed based on the rear rotor speed gradually decreased.Subsequently,the standard deviation(SD) method,the cross-correlation(CC) method,and the discrete wavelet transform(DWT)method were employed to obtain the stall initiation moments of three different speed configurations.It was found that the SD and CC methods did not achieve significant stall warning results in all three speed configurations.Besides,the stall initiation moment obtained by the DWT method at RR=1.125 was one period after the stall had fully developed,which was unacceptable.Therefore,a stall warning method was developed in the present work based on the long short-term memory(LSTM) regression model.By applying the LSTM model,the predicted stall initiation moments of three speed configurations were at the 557th,518th,and 333rd revolution,which were44,2,and 74 revolutions ahead of stall onset moments,respectively.Furthermore,in scenarios where a minor disturbance preceded the stall,the stall warning effect of the LSTM was greatly improved in comparison with the aforementioned three methods.In contrast,when the pressure fluctuation before the stall was relatively small,the differences between the stall initiation moments predicted by these four methods were not significant.

关键词： contra-rotating compressor stall disturbance stall initiation moment long short-term memory (LSTM) stall warning

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Numerical Study of Water Transport and Operating Strategy for Fuel Cells with Segmented Water Management Flow Fields

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第4期33卷 1577-1589页

作者： CHEN Chengdai WANG Changhong ZHENG Zijun school of Materials and energy Guangdong University of Technology

The effective cathode flow field design can realize the internal water balance and higher current density output of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC).Therefore,a segmented water management flow field is proposed in this study,i.e.a half separated-half coupled cathode(HSHC) flow field which has two inlets but just one outlet.A 3D numerical PEMFC model is applied to study the effect of the HSHC flow field on PEMFC performance and its operating strategy in terms of operating conditions.The study results are shown as follows:Compared with the two conventional cathode flow fields,the HSHC flow field improves the water balance along the channel and increases the current density by 17.1% at a cathode stoichiometry of 3.25.It is because the HSHC flow field can overcome the water loss at channels upstream and the water accumulation at channels downstream.The draw water phenomenon(DWP) in the HSHC flow field is observed,which is mainly affected by the water vapor pressure of channel.Based on the DWP,cooling channel inlet flow rates can be used to adjust water balance,but severe water loss should be avoided.In addition,the inlet temperature control in HSHC flow field should be that cell temperature>cathode channel inlet temperature>cooling channel inlet temperature> ambient temperatures for better water balance.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cells channel design segmented water management water balance operating strategy

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Photosynthetic response of Scirpus validus and Typha orientalis to elevated temperatures in Dianchi Lake, Southwestern China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第12期15卷 2666-2675页

作者： XU Jun-ping SUN Mei WANG Hang ZHANG Yun ZHANG Xiao-tang TIAN Kun National Plateau Wetlands Research Center Southwest Forestry University school of environment and energy South China University of Technology

Understanding the effects of simulated warming on photosynthetic performance of aquatic plants may provide strong supports for predicting future dynamics of wetland ecosystems in the context of climate change. The plateau wetlands located in Yunnan province are highly sensitive to climate warming due to their high altitude and cold temperature. Here, we conducted a temperaturecontrolled experiment using two temperature manipulations(ambient temperature as the control and 2℃ higher than ambient temperature as the warmed treatment) to determine the photosynthetic characteristics of two lakeside dominant species(Scirpus validus Vahl and Typha orientalis C. Presl.) in Dianchi Lake. Net photosynthetic rate(P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s), intercellular CO_2 concentration(Ci), and transpiration rate of S. validus that grew under warmed treatment were all significantly higher than those under the control. Gs and Ci of T. orientalis showed similar patterns as S. validus did. For the response curves of Pn to photosynthetic active radiation(P_n-PAR) and intercellular CO_2 concentration(P_n-Ci), S. validus had higher P_n values under elevated temperatures than the control, while Pn-PAR and P_n-Ci curves of T. orientalis did not separate clearly under two temperature scenarios. Both S. validus and T. orientalis had higher maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, dark respiration rate, the maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation(V_(cmax)), maximum electron transport rate driving RuBP regeneration(J_(max)), the ratio of V_(cmax) to J_(max), triosephosphate utilization, and 1, 5-bishosphate carboxylase ribulose content under warmed treatment than those under the control. This study provides a preliminary step for predicting the future primary production and vegetation dynamics of plateau wetlands in Yunnan province.

关键词： Climate warming Aquatic plant Photosynthesis Plateau wetland Temperature

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Analysis of amino acid enantiomers in ambient aerosols:Effects and removal of coexistent aerosol matrix

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 732-740页

作者： Ying Li Xiaoying Li Libin Wu Luhan Shi ShanWang Pingqing Fu Yingyi Zhang Senchao Lai The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of EducationSchool of Environment and EnergySouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China now at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong 00852China

Amino acids(AAs)including D-and L-enantiomers are a group of organic nitrogen species in ambient aerosol.Due to the low abundances of AAs(level of ng/m^(3))and the matrix effects by coexistent components,it is challenging to quantify AA enantiomers in ambient aerosols especially under pollution conditions.In this study,we present an optimized method for analyzing AA enantiomers in atmospheric aerosol samples including a pretreatment process and the detection by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fuorescence detector(HPLC-FLD).Matrix effects caused by coexistent chemicals on AA enantiomers analysis in ambient aerosol samples were investigated especially for those collected in pollution episodes.The results revealed that the determination of AA enantiomers is significantly affected by the coexistent organic carbon(as a proxy of organic matter)and water-soluble ion of NH_(4)^(+).To remove the matrix effects,we applied a pretreatment using the solid phase extraction column coupled with alkaline adjustment to sample extract.After pretreatment,18 AAs including 6 pairs of D-and L-enantiomers(i.e.,leucine,isoleucine,valine,alanine,serine,and aspartic acid)can be successfully separated and quantified in aerosol samples by HPLC-FLD.The recoveries are in the range of 67%-106%.This method was successfully applied to the urban aerosol samples from pollution and non-pollution periods for AA enantiomers determination.We suggest that the concentrations of D-AAs and the ratio of D-AA/L-AA are indicative of the contribution of bacterial sources and the infuence of biomass burning.

关键词： Amino acid enantiomers Atmospheric aerosol Organic carbon Ammonia Chiral ratio

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