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Ionization Engineering of Hydrogels Enables Highly Efficient Salt‑Impeded Solar Evaporation and Night‑Time Electricity Harvesting

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 131-146页

作者： Nan He Haonan Wang Haotian Zhang Bo Jiang Dawei Tang Lin Li school of energy and Power Engineering Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of EducationDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China

Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization.Hydrogels,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale,have been considered the most promising candidate for solar evaporation.However,the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck,restricting the widespread application.Herein,we report ionization engineering,which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules,fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in brine.The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar absorbers.The hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m−2 h−1 in 20 wt%brine with 95.6%efficiency under one sun irradiation,surpassing most of the reported literature.More notably,such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous operation.Meantime,on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity,we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night,anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.

关键词： Solar evaporation Hydrogel evaporators Salt impeding Ionization engineering Cyclic vapor-electricity generation

On-demand engineerable visible spectrum by fine control of electrochemical reactions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 239-249页

作者： Qirong Liu Lei Liu Yongping Zheng Min Li Baofu Ding Xungang Diao Hui-Ming Cheng Yongbing Tang Advanced energy Storage Technology Research Center Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences school of energy and Power Engineering North University of China school of Resource Environment and Safety EngineeringHunan University of Science and Technology school of energy and Power Engineering Beihang University Shenzhen Key Laboratory of energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tunability of optical performance is one of the key technologies for adaptive optoelectronic applications,such as camouflage clothing, displays, and infrared shielding. High-precision spectral tunability is of great importance for some special applications with on-demand adaptability but remains challenging. Here we demonstrate a galvanostatic control strategy to achieve this goal, relying on the finding of the quantitative correlation between optical properties and electrochemical reactions within materials. An electrochromic electro-optical efficiency index is established to optically fingerprint and precisely identify electrochemical redox reactions in the electrochromic device. Consequently, the charge-transfer process during galvanostatic electrochemical reaction can be quantitatively regulated, permitting precise control over the final optical performance and on-demand adaptability of electrochromic devices as evidenced by an ultralow deviation of energy storage, electrocatalysis, and material chemistry.

关键词： electrochromics fine control spectral tunability high precision galvanostatic control

Biogenic volatile organic compounds dominated the near-surface ozone generation in Sichuan Basin,China,during fall and wintertime

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 215-224页

作者： Dasheng Huang Qing Li Yan Han Shi-Yong Xia Jiawei Zhou Hanxiong Che Keding Lu Fumo Yang Xin Long Yang Chen Research Center for Atmospheric environment Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China College of Resources and environment Chongqing SchoolUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS Chongqing)Chongqing 400714China College of environmental and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqing 404199China Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolLishui RoadNanshan DistrictShenzhen 518055China SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Architecture&environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

The complex air pollution driven by both Ozone(O_(3))and fine particulate matter(PM2.5)sig nificantly influences the air quality in the Sichuan Basin(SCB).Understanding the O_(3)for mation during autumn and winter is necessary to understand the atmospheric oxidative capacity.Therefore,continuous in-site field observations were carried out during the late summer,early autumn and winter of 2020 in a rural area of Chongqing.The total volatile organic compounds(VOCs)concentration reported by a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of Flight Mass Spectrometry(PTR-ToF-MS)were 13.66±9.75 ppb,5.50±2.64 ppb,and 9.41±5.11 ppb in late summer,early autumn and winter,respectively.The anthropogenic VOCs(AVOCs)and biogenic VOCs(BVOCs)were 8.48±7.92 ppb and 5.18±2.99 ppb in late sum mer,3.31±1.89 ppb and 2.19±0.93 ppb in autumn,and 6.22±3.99 ppb and 3.20±1.27ppb in winter.A zero-dimensional atmospheric box model was employed to investigate the sensitivity of O_(3)-precursors by relative incremental reactivity(RIR).The RIR values of AV OCs,BVOCs,carbon monoxide(CO),and nitrogen oxides(NOx)were 0.31,0.71,0.09,and-0.36 for late summer,0.24,0.59,0.22,and-0.38 for early autumn,and 0.30,0.64,0.33 and-0.70 for winter,and the results showed that the O_(3)formation of sampling area was in the VOC-limited region,and O_(3)was most sensitive to BVOCs(with highest RIR values,>0.6)This study can be helpful in understanding O_(3)formation and interpreting the secondary formation of aerosols in the winter.

关键词： VOCs PTR-MS Model Ozone

Greening the Belt and Road Initiative: Evidence from emergy evaluation of China’s provincial trade with ASEAN countries

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 379-393页

作者： Xu Tian Joseph Sarkis Wei Chen Yong Geng Haozhi Pan Zuoxi Liu Sergio Ulgiati SJTU-UNIDO Joint Institute of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development School of International and Public AffairsShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA 01609-2280USA school of Geography and environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China school of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Clean energy of Liaoning School of Energy and EnvironmentShenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China Department of Science and Technology Parthenope University of NapoliNaples 80143Italy school of environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is a central policy within China’s regional development and foreign trade strategy.Traditional trade has typically depended on economic valuation of resources,while the embedded environmental value is rarely considered.This situation exists in most BRI trade evaluations.To address BRI environmental sustainability issues,we consider the role of pivotal Chinese provinces and their key trade partners(ASEAN countries)as an illustration for the environmental value of resource exchanges.Emergy accounting is used as the valuation tool for a sample period of seventeen years.Key results include:(1)Emergy valuations show sustainability of sample provinces decreased over time;(2)ASEAN countries such as Indonesia,Malaysia,Singapore,Thailand,and Vietnam play significant resource roles for provincial economic systems;(3)Diverse trends in trade between pivotal provinces and ASEAN countries resulted in an unbalanced trade structure from trade.Policy implications are proposed to promote a more globally sustainable and fair trade using BRI as an established trade policy.

关键词： International trade Emergy Belt and road initiative environmental sustainability Province

Role of phosphorus on the biogeochemical behavior of cadmium in the contaminated soil under leaching and pot experiments

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 488-499页

作者： Hui Jia YifanWu Mengqi Zhang Jinhui Ye Daolin Du He Wang Institute of environment and Ecology School of Emergency ManagementJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China school of the environment and Safety Engineering&Institute of environment and Ecology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated HospitalXuzhou 221004China

Phosphorus(P)is involved in various biochemical reactions in plant growth,so it is beneficial to plants growing in soils contaminated by metals,including cadmium(Cd).However,few studies have reported on the mechanistic roles of P in mitigating Cd toxicity to ryegrass root,and especially in alleviating the disruption of the mitochondrial function of living cells.In this study,the physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with ryegrass growth under various Cd and P treatments were investigated using leaching and pot systems.The concentration of Cd in soil leachates showed a significantly positive relationship with redox potential(P<0.05),but negative relationship(P<0.05)with leachate pH values and dissolved organic carbon(DOC),indicating that exogenous P addition(as H_(2)PO_(4)*)may decrease Cd leaching from contaminated soil.Compared to the control(without P addition),the cumulative Cd content was reduced by 53.3%and 64.5%in the soil leachate with exogenous P application(20 mg/L and 80 mg/L),respectively.Notably,application of P decreased the Cd concentrations in the symplastic fractions and increased the Cd concentrations in the apoplastic fractions in root tips,which may help to alleviate Cd stress to the protoplast.Moreover,exogenous P was found to play a positive role in mitochondrial function and Ca^(2+)variation in root cells under Cd stress,which provides novel insights into the mechanisms of exogenous P in alleviating plant Cd injury.

关键词： Phosphorus Cadmium stress Protoplast Biogeochemical behavior Mitochondrial function

Influence of Ingredients of Carbon Black Nano-Particle Suspension of Ammonia Solution on Viscosity of Nanofluid

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湖南大学学报（自然科学版） 2009年第S1期36卷 115-118页

作者： CHENG Bo1,2,DU Kai1,ZHANG Xiao-song1,YANG Liu1(1.school of energy & environment,Southeast University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210096,China 2.school of Construction Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Maanshan,Anhui 243000,China) school of energy and environment Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China school of Construction Engineering Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243000 China

A series of experiments were performed on the viscosity of a nanofluid,produced by mixing carbon black and mulsifier OP-10 using ammonia-water with the ultrasonic dispersion.The results show that,when adding surfactant separately in low mass concentrations,at first the viscosity of solution decreases sharply compared with that of ammonia-water,then increases with increasing the concentration of OP-10.In a certain concentration of surfactant,the viscosity of nanofluids increases with increasing the concentration of nanoparticles.Based on Einstein model and Langmuir absorption theory,a new model was summed up for nanofluids.Compared with test values,the calculated values on the new model have verified that the model is suitable to predict the viscosity of nanofluids,because the maximum relative error is less than 5%.Nano-particles absorption in the nanofluids is not only single-molecule layer adsorption,but also multi-layer molecular adsorption and other complicated adsorption.So the new model,only based on single-molecule layer adsorption theory of Langmuir,is not fully in line with the real circumstances.

关键词： nanofluid viscosity surfactant absorption

Dynamic cooperations between lattice oxygen and oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic ethane dehydrogenation by a self-restoring LaVO_(4)catalyst

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 171-176页

作者： Fen Wei Weichao Xue Zhiyang Yu Xue Feng Lu Sibo Wang Wei Lin Xinchen Wang State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on energy and environment College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

Thermocatalytic nonoxidative ethane dehydrogenation(EDH)is a promising strategy for ethene production but suffers from intense energy consumption and poor catalyst durability;exploring technology that permits efficient EDH by solar energy remains a giant challenge.Herein,we present that an oxygen vacancy(O_v)-rich LaVO_(4)(LaVO_(4)-O_v)catalyst is highly active and stable for photocatalytic EDH,through a dynamic lattice oxygen(O_(latt.))and O_(v)co-mediated mechanism.Irradiated by simulated sunlight at mild conditions,LaVO_(4)-O_(v)effectively dehydrogenates undiluted ethane to produce C_(2)H_(4)and CO with a conversion of 2.3%.By loading a small amount of Pt cocatalyst,the evolution and selectivity of C_(2)H_(4)are enhanced to 275μmol h^(-1)g^(-1)and 96.8%.Of note,LaVO_(4)-O_(v)appears nearly no carbon deposition after the reaction.The isotope tracked reactions reveal that the consumed O_(latt.)recuperates by exposing the used catalyst with O_(2),thus establishing a dynamic cycle of O_(latt.)and achieving a facile catalyst regeneration to preserve its intrinsic activity.The refreshed LaVO_(4)-O_(v)exhibits superior reusability and delivers a turnover number of about 305.The O_(v)promotes photo absorption,boosts ethane adsorption/activation,and accelerates charge separation/transfer,thus improving the photocatalytic efficiency.The possible photocatalytic EDH mechanism is proposed,considering the key intermediates predicted by density functional theory(DFT)and monitored by in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS).

关键词： Photocatalysis Ethane dehydrogenation Ethene LaVO_(4) Oxygen vacancy

ZnO Additive Boosts Charging Speed and Cycling Stability of Electrolytic Zn–Mn Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 293-304页

作者： Jin Wu Yang Tang Haohang Xu Guandie Ma Jinhong Jiang Changpeng Xian Maowen Xu Shu‑Juan Bao Hao Chen Institute for Clean energy&Advanced Materials School of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715People’s Republic of China

Electrolytic aqueous zinc-manganese(Zn–Mn) batteries have the advantage of high discharge voltage and high capacity due to two-electron reactions. However, the pitfall of electrolytic Zn–Mn batteries is the sluggish deposition reaction kinetics of manganese oxide during the charge process and short cycle life. We show that, incorporating ZnO electrolyte additive can form a neutral and highly viscous gel-like electrolyte and render a new form of electrolytic Zn–Mn batteries with significantly improved charging capabilities. Specifically, the ZnO gel-like electrolyte activates the zinc sulfate hydroxide hydrate assisted Mn^(2+) deposition reaction and induces phase and structure change of the deposited manganese oxide(Zn_(2)Mn_(3)O_8·H_(2)O nanorods array), resulting in a significant enhancement of the charge capability and discharge efficiency. The charge capacity increases to 2.5 mAh cm^(-2) after 1 h constant-voltage charging at 2.0 V vs. Zn/Zn^(2+), and the capacity can retain for up to 2000 cycles with negligible attenuation. This research lays the foundation for the advancement of electrolytic Zn–Mn batteries with enhanced charging capability.

关键词： Electrolytic aqueous zinc-manganese batteries Electrolyte pH value ZnO electrolyte additive Fast constant-voltage charging ability

Synergizing Wind,Solar,and Biomass Power:Ranking Analysis of Off-Grid System for Different Weather Conditions of Iran

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energy Engineering 2024年第6期121卷 1381-1401页

作者： Razieh Keshavarzi Mehdi Jahangiri energy and environment Research Center Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran

Nowadays,the use of renewable energies,especially wind,solar,and biomass,is essential as an effective solution to address global environmental and economic challenges.Therefore,the current study examines the energy-economic-environmental analysis of off-grid electricity generation systems using solar panels,wind turbines,and biomass generators in various weather conditions in Iran.Simulations over 25 years were conducted using HOMER v2.81 software,aiming to determine the potential of each region and find the lowest cost of electricity production per kWh.In the end,to identify the most suitable location,the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)method was employed to rank different stations based on simulation output parameters and some other influential factors.Considering the evaluation of various parameters,the stations in Yazd,Marand,and Dezful achieved the best results,while the stations in Ramsar,Shahrekord,and Gonbad presented the least favorable outcomes.In Yazd,the wind turbine is an economic priority,and a 100 kW wind turbine is utilized in the optimal system.In Yazd,where the simultaneous use of renewable energies is most prominent,the lowest pollutant production occurred with a quantity of 1174 kg/year.Annual energy losses are highest in Jask station and lowest in Yazd.

关键词： Multi-criteria decision-making method residential scale biomass generators normalize weight