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Deep Duplex Thrust in the Sangzhi-Shimen Tectonic Belt,in the West Hunan and Hubei Areas

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第1期31卷 79-90页

作者： Xuliang Zhang Dengfa He School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences

Recent studies indicate that there is a large buried body developing in the Sangzhi-Shimen tectonic belt,which is between the Xuefeng intracontinental deformation system and the Xiangexi tectonic belt.In order to explore the tectonic evolution and main deformation-controlling factors of the buried body,we carried out a series of studies and built two new models based on the latest seismic data and fault-related fold theory.These new models show that the deformation of the buried body in the north segment of the study area is different from that in the middle-south segment.After further study,we found the main factors leading to these differences were:(1)the magnitude of the principal stress,(2)the range of tectonic movements,and(3)the morphology and depth of the basement detachment.Subsequently,with the physical simulation experiments,a 3D evolution model of the study area was built.

关键词： Sangzhi-Shimen tectonic belt concealed structures deformation-controlling factors basement detachment evolution model faulting

Three-dimensional Geometry and Kinematics of the Changning Anticline in the Southern Sichuan Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1432-1450页

作者： YANG Jinhe HE Dengfa ZHANG Weikang HUANG Hanyu Chinese University of Geosciences Beijing School of Energy ResourcesBeijing 100083China

In this study,we aim to clarify the structural characteristics and deformation process of the Changning anticline.We carefully interpret 38 two-dimensional(2D)seismic profiles in the study area and establish three-dimensional(3D)geometric and quantitative kinematic models of the Changning anticline.This study shows that the basement fault controls the formation of the Changning anticline.The fault slope of the main fault in the basement shows’steep in the upper and gentle in the lower’structural characteristics vertically,possessing obvious segmentary characteristics transversely and presents the overall characteristics of’steep in the east and gentle in the west’.Further analysis shows that the Changning anticline proceeds west and terminates at the boundary defined by current surface features but gradually disappears westward across the Mt.Huaying fault zone.Furthermore,we identified that deformation of the Changning anticline began during the early Yanshanian movement period.Under compressional stress from the southeast,the anticline slid forward along the basement fault until the end of the Yanshanian movement period,when the dominant WNW-ESE structure gradually emerged.Since the Himalayan movement period,a series of NE-trending structures have been formed in the anticline,owing to multi-directional compressive stress.

关键词： geometry segmented feature kinematics formation mechanism Changning anticline

Assessments of the effects of various fracture surface morphology on single fracture flow: A review

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2023年第1期33卷 1-29页

作者： Min Gao Chengguo Zhang Joung Oh school of Minerals and energy resources Engineering University of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia

Natural rock joint permeability deviates from the classic fluid flow governing equations due to the inher-ent fracture surface roughness(i.e.,contact points,spatial correlation,matching,varying aperture,iso-lated voids,infilling material,tortuosity and channellings)and engineering disturbance such as excavations.To improve the accuracy of fracture permeability evaluation,many efforts have been made in analytical,experimental,and numerical methods.This study reviews the modified mathematical gov-erning equations of fluid flow and classifies them based on different influencing factors,such as friction factor,aperture,tortuosity,inertia,and various in situ stress effects.Various experimental and simulation techniques for the coupled normal-and shear-stress flow problems were assessed,and their advantages and disadvantages were also analysed.Furthermore,different surface roughness descriptions and their impacts on mechanical and hydraulic behaviours were discussed,followed by the potential research directions for fracture flow problems.

关键词： Surface roughness Single fracture Nonlinear flow Coupled hydromechanical(HM)behaviours

Methods applied in Australian industry to evaluate coal mine slope stability

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第2期30卷 151-155页

作者： Alison McQuillan Ismet Canbulat Joung Oh school of Minerals and energy resources Engineering UNSW SydneyAustralia

Strata failure is a principal hazard in open cut coal mining as it has the potential to cause multiple fatalities.Prior to the excavation of any slope,a geotechnical assessment should review the likely slope performance,including the risk of slope failure.Controls to manage this risk to an acceptable level should accompany the geotechnical analysis.A survey of 43 practising geotechnical engineers indicated that kinematic and 2D limit equilibrium analyses were the methods most commonly applied to analyse excavated slope stability.While these methods are well established and widely applied in the broad rock engineering disciplines(e.***.civil,hard rock),a recent review of over 60 slope failures suggests these methods have limited suitability for modelling the complex failure mechanisms observed in excavated coal mine slopes.Kinematic techniques do not adequately capture the rock mass component of excavated slope failure and do not provide a geospatial location of potential failure,while 2D limit equilibrium techniques do not adequately capture the 3D mechanisms of excavated slope failures.Methods which do consider the 3D mechanisms of slope failure are summarized for industry consideration and application.

关键词： Slope stability 2D 3D Open cut coal mine Limit equilibrium

A semi-quantitative coal burst risk classification system

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第5期28卷 721-727页

作者： Onur Vardar Chengguo Zhang Ismet Canbulat Bruce Hebblewhite school of Minerals and energy resources Engineering University of New South Wales

Safety is the highest priority in the mining industry as underground mining in particular poses high safety risks to its workers. In underground coal mines, coal bursts are one of the most catastrophic hazards, which involves sudden and violent dynamic coal mass failure with rapid ejection of the broken material into the mine workings. Despite decades of research, the contributing mechanisms of coal bursts are still not completely understood. Hence, it remains challenging to forecast coal bursts and quantify their likelihood of occurrence. However, a range of geological and geotechnical factors are associated with coal bursts and can increase the coal burst proneness. This paper introduces a semi-quantitative coal burst risk classification system, namely, BurstRisk. Based on back-analysis of case histories from Australia, China and the United States, BurstRisk classifies the coal burst risk into three categories:low, medium and high risk. In addition, it allows mining engineers to modify the weighting of the selected factors based on specific conditions. The risk classification charts introduced are for both longwall retreat and development sections of long-wall mining operations. This paper also provides a set of risk management strategies and control measures for effective coal burst mitigation.

关键词： Underground coal mining Coal burst Rockburst Risk management Safety Semi-quantitative

Computing the damage and fracture energy in a coal mass based on joint density

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第5期28卷 813-817页

作者： Faham Tahmasebinia Chengguo Zhang Ismet Canbulat Onur Vardar Serkan Saydam school of Minerals and energy resources Engineering University of New South Wales

Coal joints and cleats are geological discontinuities that are the most important factors that affect the mechanical responses of a coal mass under stress. The joint and coal mass interaction and the mode of failure dominate the mechanical behaviour of jointed coal masses, and therefore the stability of coal excavations. The shear or mixed shear/tensile failure changes to tensile failure by increasing the confining pressure, discontinuity length and angle. This paper extends a thermodynamic approach to constitutive modelling of the coal mass by developing local and non-local damage models based on the joint and cleat density and the dip angle. A consistent and rigorous statistical framework is constructed, which incorporates both local and non-local features into the constitutive modelling. This is an important consideration in developing damage constitutive models based on the trajectory of the failure surfaces in a coal mass.An equation is derived to calculate the fracture energy which is a function of the joint density either in a single direction or crossed conditions.

关键词： Joint density Dissipated energy Coal mass Damage model

Numerical and analytical simulation of the structural behaviour of fully grouted cable bolts under impulsive loading

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第5期28卷 807-811页

作者： Faham Tahmasebinia Chengguo Zhang Ismet Canbulat Onur Vardar Serkan Saydam school of Minerals and energy resources Engineering University of New South Wales

Designing reliable yielding support system to mitigate the effect of the kinetic energy in burst-prone conditions in mining and tunneling excavations is one of the challenges for geotechnical engineers. A combination of the support elements can be used to increase rock strength and minimise the displacement of unstable rock mass. It is important to understand how the support system works to ensure the stability of underground excavations. Cable bolts have been commonly used as an effective underground support system and an element of reinforcement to improve rock stability. Cable bolts are usually considered to be subjected to static loads under relatively low stress environments, however, in burst-prone conditions, they might be subjected to dynamic loads. Cable bolts as well as other support elements are used in burst-prone conditions to absorb the kinetic energy of the removed rock to avoid sudden and violent failures. This paper develops numerical and a novel analytical simulation technique for cable bolts to assess their structural behaviour under static and dynamic loading conditions. The numerical and analytical models are then validated against experimental observations reported in the literature, which demonstrates the reliability of the proposed models.

关键词： Cable bolts Yielding support Coal burst Shear dynamic loading

Multi-source genesis of continental carbonate-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks and hydrocarbon sweet spots

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第1期48卷 30-42页

作者： JIANG Zaixing KONG Xiangxin YANG Yepeng ZHANG Jianguo ZHANG Yuanfu WANG Li YUAN Xiaodong School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

This paper systematically discusses the multiple source characteristics and formation mechanisms of carbonate-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks through the analysis of material source and rock formation.The hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of carbonate-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks are also summarized.The results show that the main reason for the enrichment of fine-grained carbonate materials in rift lake basins was the supply of multiple material sources,including terrestrial material input,formation of intrabasinal authigenic carbonate,volcanic-hydrothermal material feeding and mixed source.The development of carbonate bedrock in the provenance area controlled the filling scale of carbonate materials in rift lake basins.The volcanic-hydrothermal activity might provide an alkaline fluid to the lake basins to strengthen the material supply for the formation of carbonate crystals.Authigenic carbonate crystals induced by biological processes were the main source of long-term accumulation of fine-grained carbonate materials in the lake basins.Carbonate-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks with multiple features were formed through the interaction of physical,biochemical and chemical processes during the deposition and post-deposition stages.The source and sedimentary origin of the fine-grained carbonate rock controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation in it.In the multi-source system,the types of"sweet spots"of continental shale oil and gas include endogenous type,terrigenous type,volcanic-hydrothermal type and mixed source type.

关键词： carbonate-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks rift lake basins multiple sources hydrocarbon accumulation sweet spot of continental shale oil and gas

Numerical modelling of strength and energy release characteristics of pillar-scale coal mass

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第5期11卷 935-943页

作者： Onur Vardar Chengguo Zhang Ismet Canbulat Bruce Hebblewhite school of Minerals and energy resources Engineering.University of New South Wales

Coal burst is a manifestation of rapid energy release,which is considered as one of the most critical operational hazards in underground coal mines.This study numerically investigates the effects of discontinuities on the strength and energy release characteristics of coal mass samples under uniaxial compression.The universal distinct element code(UDEC)was used to model pillar-scale coal mass samples that were represented by an assembly of triangular deformable blocks,and pre-existing discontinuities such as bedding planes and cleats were also included in the models.It shows that cleat spacing can have a significant impact on compressive strength and energy release,with both strength and energy release(magnitude and rate)reducing as the number of cleats was increased.This work is one of the first attempts to numerically model and quantify the energy release which occurs during the failure of pillar-scale coal mass samples with varying cleat densities.The insights from the numerical modelling can help to understand the possible energy release mechanisms and associated coal burst potential in changing coal cleat conditions.

关键词： Coal burst Coal cleating energy release Distinct element method(DEM) Numerical modelling