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Factors influencing hybrid maize farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions in Punjab Province,Pakistan

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第6期17卷 1454-1462页

作者： Shoaib Akhtar LI Gu-cheng Raza Ullah Adnan Nazir Muhammad Amjed Iqbal Muhammad Haseeb Raza Nadeem Iqbal Muhammad Faisal College of economics & management Huazhong Agricultural University Institute of Agricultural and resource economics University of Agriculture Faisalabad The management school Lancaster University

Hybrid maize farmers have to face diverse kinds of climate, biological, price and financial risks. Farmers＇ risk perceptions and risk attitudes are essential elements influencing farm operations and management decisions. However, this important issue has been overlooked in the contemporary studies and therefore there is a dearth of literature on this important issue. The present research is therefore, an attempt to fill this gap. This study aims to quantify hybrid maize farmers＇ perceptions of disastrous risks, their attitudes towards risk and to explore the impacts of various farm and farm household factors on farmers＇ risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The present study is conducted in four hybrid maize growing districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan, using cross-sectional data of 400 hybrid maize farmers. Risk matrix and equally likely certainty equivalent （ELCE） method are used to rank farmers＇ perceptions of four catastrophic risk sources including climate, biological, price and financial risks and to investigate farmers＇ risk aversion attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, probit regression is used to analyze the determinants affecting farmers＇ risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The results of the study showed that majority of farmers are risk averse in nature and perceive price, biological and climate to be potential sources of risks to their farm enterprise. In addition, analysis divulges that distance from farm to main market, off-farm income, location dummies for Sahiwal and Okara, age, maize farming experience, access to extension agent, significantly （either negatively or positively） influence farmers＇ risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The study delivers valuable insights for farmers, agricultural insurance sector, extension services researchers and agricultural policy makers about the local understanding of risks to hybrid maize crop in developing countries, like Pakistan, and have implications for research on farmers＇ adaptation to exposed risks.

关键词： risk perceptions risk attitude hybrid maize determinants Punjab Pakistan

Evaluation matrix with the speed feature based on double inspiriting control lines

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2013年第6期24卷 962-970页

作者： Weiwei Liu Chunsheng Shi Jing Li school of economics and management Harbin Engineering University school of economics and management Harbin Institute of Technology

Methods of the comprehensive evaluation have been studied for many years. However, the change speed of evaluated objects was rarely considered by the existing evaluation methods. An evaluation matrix is proposed to remedy this deficiency. Firstly, the change speed state （CSS） of the evaluated objects is analyzed based on double inspiriting control lines （DICLs）, and a matrix of the CSS is constructed. Then, 72 elements in the matrix are analyzed, and formulas describing each CSS are given. The efficiency of the proposed evaluation matrix is proved when the CSS merges with the change speed trend （CST） in the dynamic comprehensive evaluation. Finally, a computing example shows that the proposed evaluation matrix is feasible in the dynamic comprehensive evaluation with the speed feature.

关键词： double inspiriting control lines (DICLs) change speed state (CSS) change speed trend (CST) evaluation matrix

THE EFFECTS OF MARKET DEPTH ON THE ARRIVAL RATE OF ORDERS

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2014年第6期27卷 1192-1203页

作者： ZHANG Qiang LIU Shancun QIU Wanhua school of economics and management Beijing University of Chemical Technology school of economics and management Beihang University

This paper presents a model to describe the dynamic trading process in limit order *** studying the dynamic pattern of execution probabilities of limit orders with both time and the depth of limit order book,the authors conclude with the following properties:Arrival rates of market buy orders increase as the depth of buy queue in the book increases and decrease as the depth of sell queue increases,and vice versa;similar regularities for the arrival rate of market sell orders;both the arrival rate of market buy order and market sell orders increase as the depth of both sides in the book increases by the same ***,the authors describe more detailed temporary and permanent effects of the market depth on the arrival rates of orders.

关键词： Arrival rate limit order market market depth private value.

A study on the design of a hybrid policy for carbon abatement

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2017年第1期15卷 50-57页

作者： Bo Zhang Mingyang He Haoran Pan school of economics Peking University school of economics and resource management Beijing Normal University

A necessary way to mitigate global warming is carbon reduction, which the international community is now actively promoting. China has committed a target goal for carbon reduction to the international society, and has devoted a great effort toward researching the impact of related policies. Carbon taxation and carbon trading are the two main mechanisms to advocate carbon abatement, which many countries have been using. Each of these two mechanisms possesses advantages and disadvantages, and an appropriate combination of them can make best use of their advantages while bypassing their disadvantages, creating a superior mechanism. In our opinion, the main differences between these two mechanisms are that carbon taxation has a lower institution cost(consisting of the related infrastructural investment and the regulation cost,etc), and is easier to operate, but lacks the flexibility in response to variations of market conditions. However, this flexibility is just the origin of risk, which increases the difficulty for firms in their decision of carbon abatement and is an indirect way to incentivize carbon abatement, compared to carbon trading, which has a more direct effect in carbon reduction. Based on the above observation, we present a hybrid mechanism of carbon abatement, which is an organized combination of carbon taxation and carbon trading. It consists of two parts: first, the carbon taxation, which has a progressive tax rate, second, the carbon trading. Small firms will only pay the carbon tax, while large firms, will first need to get the initial carbon emission quotas by some way, and then trade it in the carbon market if necessary. For firms with extra emissions,they will receive a punishment according to a high carbon tax rate. This hybrid policy considers the equity between different firms in carbon emission rights as well as the efficiency of the mechanism while decreasing the risk level for firms in the carbon emission decision, making it superior to the t

关键词： Carbon tax carbon trading hybrid policy

Measurement of City Clusters' Economic Growth Effects and Analysis of the Influencing Factors

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2020年第1期8卷 111-131页

作者： HAN Jing GAO Ming SUN Yawen school of economics and resource management Beijing Normal University

Based on the panel data of 202 prefecture-level cities within 14 national-level city clusters in China from 2007 to 2016, we established a dynamic panel model to measure the economic growth effects of city clusters and analyzed the main influencing factors. The results show that:(i) Technology has a significant impact on the economic growth of city clusters; the narrowing development gap between regions can help city clusters produce good economic growth effects;the city clusters, if more agglomerated, can help better utilize factors, and thus promote coordinated regional development.(ii) City clusters with multiple central cities boast a stronger engine of economic growth, and the impacts of factors such as technology and clustering degree on their economic growth are more noticeable.(iii) Geographical factors will also affect city clusters’ economic growth. The economic growth of city clusters in Southern China has been more strongly powered by the factors such as technology, clustering degree and human capital than those in Northern China. From the spatial perspective and by using the threshold panel method,we further explored the mechanisms with which the central cities within a city cluster can influence economic growth depending on their accessibility. The results manifest that the more accessible the central cities within a city cluster are, the stronger role they can play in leading and driving the economic growth of surrounding areas. In the future, it is important to promote the transformation of single-core and dual-core city clusters into multi-core city clusters, and give full play to the role of central cities in leading the development of surrounding areas. It is also necessary to vigorously develop technology and transportation to further facilitate the high-quality growth of city clusters.

关键词： City clusters economic growth effects influencing factors central cities’ accessibility

B2B MARKET FORMATION AND WELFARE IMPLICATION IN A BUYER'S MARKET

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2014年第4期23卷 404-414页

作者： Zhong Wen Jieyuan Wang school of economics and management Tsinghua University

The emergence of B2B electronic markets has greatly changed the relative bargaining power of buyers and *** study the equilibrium market structure in a buyer＇s *** find that buyer-controlled B2B markets and neutral B2B markets have different equilibrium structures,and the emergence of B2B markets will increase social welfare,but its effect on buyers and sellers will be different：B2B markets increase the consumer surplus of the end market,but their effects on buyer and seller profits are moderated by the relative bargaining power of buyers and *** profits of the side with much weaker bargaining power will decrease due to the introduction of B2B markets.

关键词： B2B market e-commerce social welfare game theory

Hybrid customer requirements rating method for customer-oriented product design using QFD

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2015年第3期26卷 533-543页

作者： Fang Wang Hua Li Aijun Liu Xiao Zhang school of economics and management Xidian University

Quality function deployment （QFD） is a well-known customer-oriented product design methodology. Rating the final importance of customer requirements （CRs） is really a very es- sential starting point in the implementation of QFD, since it largely affects the target setting value of design requirements. This pa- per aims to propose a novel method to deal with the relative importance ratings （RIRs） of CRs problem considering customers＇ diversified requirements and unknown information on customers＇ weights, which is an indispensable process for determining the final importance ratings of CRs. First, a new concept of customer＇s assessment structure is proposed according to the basic idea of grey relational analysis （GRA）, and then a constrained nonlinear optimization model is constructed to describe the assessment information aggregation factors of CRs considering customers＇ personalized and diversified requirements. Furthermore, an im- mune particle swarm optimization （IPSO） algorithm is designed to solve the model, and the weight vector of customers is obtained. Finally, a car door design example is introduced to illustrate the novel hybrid GRA-IPSO method＇s potential application in deter- mining the RIRs of CRs.

关键词： quality function deployment (QFD) customer requirement (CR) grey relational analysis (GRA) mass customization(MC) immune particle swarm optimization (IPSO).

Water quality assessment in Qu River based on fuzzy water pollution index method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第12期28卷 87-92页

作者： Ranran Li Zhihong Zou Yan An school of economics and management Beihang University

A fuzzy improved water pollution index was proposed based on fuzzy inference system and water pollution index. This method can not only give a comprehensive water quality rank, but also describe the water quality situation with a quantitative value, which is convenient for the water quality comparison between the same ranks. This proposed method is used to assess water quality of Qu River in Sichuan, China. Data used in the assessment were collected from four monitoring stations from 2006 to 2010. The assessment results show that Qu River water quality presents a downward trend and the overall water quality in 2010 is the worst. The spatial variation indicates that water quality of Nanbashequ section is the pessimal. For the sake of comparison, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grey relational method were also employed to assess water quality of Qu River. The comparisons of these three approaches＇ assessment results show that the proposed method is reliable.

关键词： Water quality assessmentFuzzy inferenceWater pollution indexFuzzy comprehensive evaluation

DOES INVESTOR SENTIMENT PREDICT STOCK RETURNS? THE EVIDENCE FROM CHINESE STOCK MARKET

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2014年第1期27卷 130-143页

作者： BU Hui PI Li school of economics and management Beihang University

This paper examines the proxy variables of investor sentiment in Chinese stock market carefully, and tries to construct an investor sentiment index indirectly. We use cross correlation analysis to examine lead-lag relationship between the proxy variables and HS300 index. The results show that net added accounts （NAA）, SSE share turnover （TURN）, and closed-end fund discount （CEFD） are leading variables to stock market. The average first day return of IPOs （RIPO） and relative degree of active trading in equity market （RDAT） are contemporary variables, while number of IPOs （NIPO） is a lagging variable of stock market. Using the sentiment proxy variables with most possible leading order, and forward selection stepwise regression method, the empirical results on monthly stock returns reveal that three leading proxy variables can be used to form a sentiment index. And the out of sample tests prove that this sentiment index has good predictive power of Chinese stock market, and it is robust.

关键词： Chinese stock market investor sentiment return predictability.