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Customer Joining Behavior and Regulation Strategy in Visible Multi-Server Queues with Synchronous Vacations of Partial Servers

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第3期37卷 1209-1232页

作者： SUN Wei WANG Hao XIE Xumeng LI Shiyong school of economics and management Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

This paper studies customer joining behavior and system regulation strategy in nonexhaustive visible M/M/m queues with synchronous vacations of a part of the servers.Once this part of the servers are idle,they take multiple vacations simultaneously(vacation period).Until there are customers waiting in the queue,they are reactivated and all servers are busy or idle(busy period).The authors call this part of the servers as“partial servers”.In view of the fully visible queue and the almost visible queue,the authors obtain customers’equilibrium joining threshold strategies and their socially optimal joining threshold strategies,respectively,and observe that customer joining behavior in equilibrium generally makes the system overcrowded,which makes the equilibrium social welfare lower than the optimal social welfare.After regulation,interestingly,for optimizing social welfare,the system manager hopes not only customers arriving in vacation period pay attention to the number of partial servers,but also customers arriving in busy period should care about it rather than ignore.Moreover,arranging more servers for vacation does not necessarily lead to the decrease of social welfare on condition that the number of partial servers is close to m.As for the information advantage of the fully visible case,it is not obvious for increasing social welfare and even unfavorable to servers’profit unless the number of partial servers is big enough.Furthermore,given the different composition of social welfare,there exists the optimal number of partial servers and the optimal arrival rate of customers for maximizing social welfare.

关键词： Customer behavior non-exhaustive service partial servers regulation strategy synchronous vacations visible queue

Price Masking Strategy of Cross-Border E-Commerce Platform Financing

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第2期37卷 668-691页

作者： LI Jianbin HANG Zhouxin CHEN Zhiyuan XIAO Shan school of management Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China school of economics and management Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

E-commerce platform financing is a new service pattern of supply chain finance.However,this pattern may bring some new issues when considering the problem of cash flow shortage and financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.When enterprises use this service,they worry about the leakage of preferential wholesale price when applying the full loan amount and providing the true transaction information.Based on the model consisting of a supplier,a retailer and a cross-border e-commerce platform,the authors design a price masking strategy to prevent the retailer’s preferential wholesale price information from leakage.The authors analyze the profit of the retailer and the platform before and after adopting the price masking strategy.The authors find that the price masking strategy always benefits the retailer.Besides,the optimal profit of the retailer and the platform are both affected by the loan interest rate.Moreover,there exists a range of loan interest rates that can benefit both the retailer and the platform if the price masking strategy is adopted.The research emphasizes that platform can expand the total business volume by allowing retailers to use price masking strategy.In other words,there will be more and more retailers attracted by the strategy,which benefits the long-term growth of cross-border e-commerce platform financing.

关键词： Cross-border e-commerce e-commerce platform financing price masking supply chain finance

Will the State-owned Capital Transfer Policy Enhance the Sustainability of the Urban Employee Basic Pension Insurance Fund in China?

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China & World Economy 2024年第3期32卷 98-129页

作者： Jia Wang Huan Liu Mei Li Han Li school of economics Xiamen UniversityChina school of economics and management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityChina school of economics and management Wuhan UniversityChina

To analyze the efect of the state-owned capital transfer policy on the sustainability of China's urban employee basic pension insurance fund(CUEBPIF),this study develops an actuarial model for pension insurance.The results reveal the following:(i)Without policy intervention,the CUEBPIF would face a deficit in 2027 and a cumulative shortfall of RMB207.44 trillion by 2050,and the proportion of fiscal subsidies for the CUEBPIF in the total fiscal expenditure would increase to 12.86 percent in 2050.(i)Based on a delayed retirement policy,the transfer of 10 percent of state-owned capital can delay the onset of the fund deficit by 6 years,and the accumulated shortfall in 2050 would fall to RMB39.42 trillion,and the proportion of fiscal subsidies would decrease by I1.77 percentage points.(ii)The state-owned capital transfer policy can improve the sustainability of the CUEBPIF and reduce the burden of enterprise social security contributions when the transfer ratio increases to 20 percent.

关键词： burden of enterprise social security contributions delayed retirement policy state-owned capital transfer policy sustainability of basic pension insurance fund

Research on the Asymmetric Effect of Fixed-Asset Investment on China's Primary Energy Production in the Context of Energy Transformation

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第3期37卷 1163-1183页

作者： CHAI Jian HE Peng ZHANG Xiaokong HOU Yamin school of economics and management Xidian UniversityXi'an 710126China

Under China’s“Dual Carbon”target(DCT),“clean replacement”on the energy supply side and“electric energy replacement”on the energy consumption side are the ways to achieve energy transformation.However,energy projects have a long construction period,complex technology categories,and investment risks that greatly affect the development of energy transformation.Correctly judging the effect of investment changes on primary energy production is of great practical significance to the realization of the DCT.Based on this,NARDL and TVP-SV-VAR models are innovatively used to reveal the nonlinear effect of fixed-asset investment on China’s primary energy production.The results show that the marginal effect of investment growth on coal production is about 1.44 times that of investment reduction.Similarly,the marginal effect of oil and gas investment growth is about 1.21times that of investment reduction.Due to the influence of resource constraints,China’s traditional fossil energy still has varying degrees of path dependence on the investment-driven development model.For non-fossil energy,investment in hydropower and nuclear power has an inverse correlation with the change in production.Negative marginal efficiency and diseconomies of scale have hindered the development of the hydropower and nuclear power industries.In addition,the asymmetric effect is not yet significant for the short development time and technical constraints of wind and solar power.From the impulse response results,the impact curves of investment in wind and solar power are generally positive,and investment has different degrees of time-delay and time-varying effects on various energy production,which verifies the heterogeneity of investment adjustment mechanisms in different energy industries.

关键词： "Dual Carbon"target fixed-asset investment primary energy NARDL nonlinearity

Supplier Development under Supply Risk and Reputational Risk

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2024年第3期33卷 360-388页

作者： Zhaowei Miao Yu Wang Rongjing Zhu Lili Shangguan school of management Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China school of economics and management Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

This paper considers the supplier investment decision-making problem in a supply chain consisting of an original equipment manufacturer(OEM),a global supplier,and a local supplier.To reduce dependence on global suppliers and improve supply stability,we develop a differential game model to investigate the optimal investment decisions of the OEM towards the local supplier under different risk scenarios and the impact of different risks on the optimal decisions.The results show that investment efficiency and risks have a significant impact on OEM investment decisions.Specifically,when the OEM has higher investment efficiency,investing in the local supplier is profitable for the OEM;conversely,when the investment efficiency of the OEM is lower,it does not invest.In addition,an increase in the supply risk of the global supplier will lower the entry threshold for OEM investment,but an increase in the supply risk of the local supplier and the reputational risk of both will increase this threshold,meaning that only the OEM with significantly higher investment efficiency can profit.

关键词： Supplier investment supplier development supply risk reputational risk dual sourcing

Effect of relative humidity on the desulfurization performance of calcium-based desulfurizer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 179-188页

作者： Juan Lǖ Yu Fu Haiyan Yu HuanWang Zhe Wang Haiyan Chen school of Environment and resource Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Guangyuan Emergency management bureau Guangyuan 628000China

Low desulfurization efficiency impedes the wide application of dry desulfurization technology,which is a low-cost and simple process,and one significant solution is the development and manufacture of high-performance desulfurizers.In this study,firstly,a steam jet mill was used to digest quicklime;then,we utilized numerical simulation to study the flow field distribution and analyze the driving factors of quicklime digestion;and lastly,the desulfurization performance of the desulfurizer was evaluated under different relative humidities.The results show that the desulfurizer prepared via the steam jet mill had better apparent activity than traditional desulfurizers.Also,the entire jet flow field of the steam jet mill is in a supersonic and highly turbulent flow state,with high crushing intensity and good particle acceleration performance.Sufficient contact with the nascent surface maximizes the formation of slaked lime.The experiments demonstrated that the operating time with 100%desulfurization efficiency and the“break-through”time for the desulfurizer prepared via the steam jet mill is longer than that of traditional desulfurizers,and has significant advantages,especially at low flue gas relative humidity.Compared with traditional desulfurizers,the desulfurizer prepared via steam jet mill expands the range of acceptable flue gas temperature,and the failure temperature is 1.625 times that of traditional desulfurizers.This work breaks through the technical bottleneck of low dry desulfurization efficiency,which is an important step in pushing forward the application of dry desulfurization.

关键词： Dry desulfurization Relative humidity Desulfurization efficiency High-efficiency desulfurizer Quicklime digestion

Complex adaptive system theory,agent-based modeling,and simulation in dominant technology formation

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第1期35卷 130-153页

作者： ZHANG Ruihan SUN Bing Glorious Sun school of Business and management Donghua UniversityShanghai 200051China school of economics and management Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China

Dominant technology formation is the key for the hightech industry to“cross the chasm”and gain an established foothold in the market(and hence disrupt the regime).Therefore,a stimulus-response model is proposed to investigate the dominant technology by exploring its formation process and mechanism.Specifically,based on complex adaptive system theory and the basic stimulus-response model,we use a combination of agent-based modeling and system dynamics modeling to capture the interactions between dominant technology and the socio-technical landscape.The results indicate the following:(i)The dynamic interaction is“stimulus-reaction-selection”,which promotes the dominant technology’s formation.(ii)The dominant technology’s formation can be described as a dynamic process in which the adaptation intensity of technology standards increases continuously until it becomes the leading technology under the dual action of internal and external mechanisms.(iii)The dominant technology’s formation in the high-tech industry is influenced by learning ability,the number of adopting users and adaptability.Therein,a“critical scale”of learning ability exists to promote the formation of leading technology:a large number of adopting users can promote the dominant technology’s formation by influencing the adaptive response of technology standards to the socio-technical landscape and the choice of technology standards by the socio-technical landscape.There is a minimum threshold and a maximum threshold for the role of adaptability in the dominant technology’s formation.(iv)The socio-technical landscape can promote the leading technology’s shaping in the high-tech industry,and different elements have different effects.This study promotes research on the formation mechanism of dominant technology in the high-tech industry,presents new perspectives and methods for researchers,and provides essential enlightenment for managers to formulate technology strategies.

关键词： complex adaptive system theory agent-based modeling and simulation dominant technology socio-technical landscape adaptation-choice

Can whole steps of grain production be outsourced? Empirical analysis based on the three provinces of Jiangsu,Jilin,and Sichuan in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 336-347页

作者： Jiacheng Liu Shengzhi Mao Qiufen Zheng Zhigang Xu school of Finance and Taxation Nanjing University of Finance and EconomicsJiangsu 210023China school of economics Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsSichuan 611130China school of economics and management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityJiangsu 210095China

Certain outsourcing services for agricultural management in China,such as pest control in grain production,have experienced prolonged sluggishness,contrasting with the relatively high level of outsourcing services observed in harvesting,land preparation,and sowing.This study examines the feasibility of implementing whole-step outsourcing in grain production by conducting a case study of rice and maize production in Jiangsu,Jilin,and Sichuan provinces in China.The provision of outsourcing services hinges on two essential conditions:technological advancements fostering specialized production and economies of scale,coupled with a market size sufficient to realize the aforementioned potential economies of scale.The results showed that outsourcing pest control or harvesting services had varying economies of scale.The outsourcing services in pest control were less common than in harvesting services,and their marginal growth space of the economies of scale with technological change was also smaller.Determined by the operational characteristics of pest control itself,the market scale of its professional services is small.Therefore,achieving the whole-step outsourcing of grain production necessitates not only technological innovation but also effective policy interventions to overcome the constraints of market scale.Such interventions include(1)optimizing crop layouts between planning regions and reducing land fragmentation and(2)supplying timely and effective inter-regional agricultural information for service providers aided by information technology.

关键词： outsourcing services economy of scale technical conditions market scale

Simulation of the role of emphasis on scheduling in the optimal incentive scheme for marine engineering employee’s routine job and information security compliance

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第1期9卷 1-8页

作者： Xiaolong Wang school of economics and management Binzhou UniversityBinzhou256600China

In the organizational context of marine engineering,employee individual often prefers to concentrate herself to the day-to-day routine job,but to shirk the responsibilities of the Information Security Policies(ISPs)compliance,after she has been delegated by the employer to perform the two different tasks in the same time period.This would lead to negative influences on the security of marine information systems and the employee’s routine job performance.In view of the task structures of employee’s routine job and marine ISPs compliance,the variables of emphasis on scheduling are incorporated into a multi-task principal-agent model to explore the optimal incentive scheme to motivate and control the employees to select appropriate effort levels for conducting the two highly structured tasks.The role of emphasis on scheduling on the incentive intensities for the two tasks have been clarified through modeling and simulation,and the corresponding incentive tactics are suggested.The new two-task incentive scheme is expected to provide useful insight for understanding and controlling marine engineering employee’s routine job and ISPs compliance behavior.

关键词： Marine engineering Incentive scheme Information security policy compliance Task structure Scheduling Simulation