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The composition of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and their related metal mineralization

Science China earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 208-225页

作者： Qihai SHU Jun DENG State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources School of Earth Sciences and ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital earth China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China

Magmatic hydrothermal deposits are important sources of many bulk,precious,and rare metals,and have attracted interest from both academic and industrial ***,it is still unclear if the major enrichment of the ore-forming metals occurs in the parental magma source region,during the magma evolution,or after the fluid *** inclusions trapped in hydrothermal minerals crystallized in the early,high-temperature stage before metal precipitation record information close to that of the initially exsolved magmatic fluids,which are helpful in revealing whether the metals have been already significantly enriched prior to the hydrothermal *** this study,available compositional data of such early-stage fluid inclusions from magmatic hydrothermal systems globally have been *** results indicate that the concentrations of Cu,Sn,and W respectively from the Cu-,Sn-,and W-mineralized fluids are significantly higher than the hydrothermal systems that do not produce ores with the corresponding *** suggests that Cu,Sn,and W could have already been enriched in the magma source and/or magma evolution *** Mo concentrations show no difference between Mo-mineralized and Mobarren fluid systems,indicating no significant pre-enrichment in the source region or during the magma *** also implies that an efficient collection of Mo from a large volume of magmas is required to account for the formation of a large Mo *** all the hydrothermal fluids contain high concentrations of Fe and Zn-Pb,but only a few of them eventually form Fe or Zn-Pb deposits,reflecting an important role of the hydrothermal evolution process on the selective metal *** above results indicate that different metals are enriched in different stages of a magmatic hydrothermal system,and that the major roles played in the formation of a deposit vary with the metal *** addition to the metal concentrations in the orerelated magmas and fluids

关键词： Magmatic hydrothermal deposits Fluid inclusions LA-ICP-MS Metal enrichment Mineralization mechanism

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Advances in origin of high oxidation state of magmas associated with porphyry Cu-(Mo-Au) deposits

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Science China earth Sciences 2025年第3期68卷 953-956页

作者： Rui WANG Jingbo ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth Institute of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences school of earth Sciences and resources China University of Geosciences

1. Introduction Porphyry Cu-(Mo-Au) deposits, hereafter termed as porphyry Cu deposits, are typical magmatic-hydrothermal systems spatially and genetically associated with shallow,intermediate to felsic porphyritic intrusions. These deposits exhibit well-developed alteration zoning and are characterized by veinlet-disseminated mineralization.

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Halogen composition and heterogeneity in the continental lithospheric mantle

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Science China earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 310-314页

作者： Chunfei CHEN State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

*** Halogens,including fluorine(F),chlorine(Cl),bromine(Br),and iodine(I),are highly mobile and water-soluble elements that can become significantly enriched in melts and *** fluids and melts,halogens react with nearly all metals and readily form complexes with metal cations,significantly influencing the distribution of metal elements between different ***,halogens play a crucial role in the migration,enrichment,and mineralization of key metals in the lithosphere(Weis et al.,2012;Liu et al.,2024).

关键词： metals fluorine elements

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Mining Subsidence Based on Integrated SBAS-InSAR and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Technology

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2025年第1期24卷 113-129页

作者： CHEN Xuewei CHEN Jianping WANG Genhou ZHANG Qian ZHENG Yanwei school of earth Sciences and resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Research for Land resources Information Beijing 100083China

The Small Baseline Subset InSAR(SBAS-InSAR)and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)as common ocean-land technologies,have been extensively applied in subsidence,glacial movement,surface deformation,and maritime positioning and navigation.A novel method integrating SBAS-InSAR and UAV photogrammetry is used to analyze ground subsidence deformation in the Gesar gold mine located in Maqu,Northwest *** approach uses SBAS-InSAR to calculate two-dimensional deformation data for capturing ascending and descending *** method can provide precise information on small-sized deformations within mining *** deformation data obtained from UAVs and the vertical deformation data derived from InSAR are integrated to generate comprehensive and accurate ground subsidence data from the mining *** demonstrate that using a combined InSAR(vertical)and UAV technique to analyze surface subsidence in mining districts resolves inconsistency between the line-of-sight and deformation ***,the incoherence issue of InSAR in regions with large deformation gradients is addressed,while the inherent errors of UAV monitoring of mining surface subsidence are *** genetic algorithm(GA)-backpropagation(BP)neural network algorithm is combined with InSAR data to predict subsidence in collapsed *** observed,the GA-BP algorithm has the smallest residual under the same training ***,the GA-BP neural network model can effectively predict surface subsidence in mining areas and can be used for subsequent subsidence prediction.

关键词： SBAS-InSAR two-dimensional deformation solution UAV photogrammetry data fusion subsidence prediction

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Molecular dynamics simulations of helium transport through inorganic mineral nanopores

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Science China earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 237-252页

作者： Dandan SONG Ping GUAN Chi ZHANG Jiahao REN school of earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

Helium transport through nanoscale inorganic mineral pores and pore throats is essential for its overall *** elucidate helium's transport dynamics within nanopores,we employed equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to investigate helium's static self-diffusion and pressure-driven flow in quartz slit-shaped *** also introduced water and various gases,including hydrogen,methane,ethane,nitrogen,and carbon dioxide,into the nanopores to assess their influence on helium *** findings indicate minimal helium adsorption on quartz pore *** conditions where the pore size is less than 5 nm and the pressure under 10 MPa,environmental factors markedly influence helium *** pore sizes,high temperatures,and low gas pressures enhance helium desorption and facilitate faster *** observed a positive correlation between helium flow velocity and factors such as pore size,pressure gradient,and surface smoothness of the ***,the presence of pore water and carrier gases in quartz nanopores,which diffuse more slowly than helium,tends to reduce helium surface adsorption and slow its *** the carrier gases studied,nitrogen showed similar adsorption capacity,diffusivity,and stability to helium,while carbon dioxide displayed the highest adsorption capacity and the slowest diffusion rate,markedly differing from *** on the simulation results,we concluded that water and carrier gases primarily function as transport mediums in helium migration,moving together with ***,which shares similar properties with helium,effectively assists in this co-migration ***,carbon dioxide,due to its high adsorption capacity and slow diffusion,tends to be lost during *** a result,gas reservoirs with high nitrogen levels and low carbon dioxide levels are more likely to have higher helium ***,the smaller pore sizes and higher gas pressures in caproc

关键词： Helium transport Slit nanopores Molecular dynamics simulations Diffusion Flow carriers

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Petrogenesis of late Cretaceous high Ba-Sr granodiorites,SE Lhasa block,China:implications for the reworking of juvenile crust and continental growth

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Acta Geochimica 2025年第1期44卷 86-111页

作者： Li-Hang Lin Ren-Zhi Zhu Shao-Cong Lai Jiang-Feng Qin Yu Zhu Shao-Wei Zhao Min Liu State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Western China’s Mineral resources and Geological Engineering School of Earth Science and ResourcesChang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China

The high Ba-Sr rocks can provide significant clues about the evolution of the continent lithosphere,but their petrogenesis remains *** the Late Cretaceous high Ba–Sr granodiorites in the SE Lhasa Block could potentially provide valuable insights into the continent evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet *** U–Pb ages suggest that the granodiorites were emplaced at 87.32±0.43 ***,the high Ba–Sr granodiorites are characterized by elevated K_(2)O+Na_(2)O contents(8.18-8.73 wt%)and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios(0.99-1.25,mostly>1),and belong to high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic *** Yonglaga granodiorites show notably high Sr(653-783 ppm)and Ba(1346-1531 ppm)contents,plus high Sr/Y(30.92-38.18)and(La/Yb)_(N)(27.7-34.7)ratios,but low Y(20.0-22.8 ppm)and Yb(1.92-2.19 ppm)contents with absence of negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.83-0.88),all similar to typical high Ba–Sr *** variable zirconεHf(t)values of-4.58 to+12.97,elevated initial^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr isotopic ratios of 0.707254 to 0.707322 and lowεNd(t)values of-2.8 to-3.6 with decoupling from the Hf system suggest that a metasomatized mantle source included significant recycled ancient *** occurrence of such high Ba–Sr intrusions indicates previous contributions of metasomatized mantle-derived juvenile material to the continents,which imply the growth of continental crust during the Late Cretaceous in the SE *** with regional data,we infer that the underplated mafic magma provides a significant amount of heat,which leads to partial melting of the juvenile *** melting of the metasomatized mantle could produce a juvenile mafic lower crust,from which the high Ba–Sr granitoids were derived from reworking of previous mafic crust during the Late Cretaceous(ca.100-80 Ma)in the SE Lhasa.

关键词： Late Cretaceous High Ba-Sr granodiorites SE Lhasa Growth of continental crust Juvenile crust

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Distribution, characteristics, metallogenic processes and prospecting potential of terrestrial brine-type lithium deposits in the world and lithium demand situation

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China Geology 2025年第1期8卷 1-25页

作者： Dian-he Liu Cheng-lin Liu Chun-lian Wang Xiao-can Yu MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Peking University School of Earth and Space SciencesBeijing 100871China school of earth resources China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

In response to the rise of the energy storage industries such as new energy vehicles and the wide application of lithium in various fields worldwide,the global demand for lithium resources has been in explosive *** order to further comprehensively understand the global supply and demand pattern,development and utilization status,genesis of ore deposits and other characteristics of lithium resources,based on the achievements of many researchers at home and abroad,this paper systematically summarized the lithium supply and demand situation,resource endowment,deposit classification and distribution,typical geological characteristics,metallogenic factors and metallogenic regularity of terrestrial brine-type lithium deposits which are the main types of development and utilization all over the *** review shows that brine-type lithium resource and(or)reserves in the plateau salt lakes are huge and play an important *** addition,the mineralization potential of the underground brine-type lithium deposit is broad *** potential resources of underground brines are enormous,and the geothermal spring water type is also worthy of *** lithium deposits are mainly controlled by the subduction and collision of regional plate tectonics,arid climate and provenance *** of the scientific research on underground brines in the future is expected to provide another significant support for the global demand for lithium resources.

关键词： Brine in plateau salt lake Underground brine Geothermal spring brine Terrestrial brine classification Lithium migration mechanism Brine genesis Mineral exploration engineering Lithium enrich mechanism

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Constraints on what controls millennial-scale basin-wide denudation across mountain belts,Asia

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Science China earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 74-93页

作者： Ye YANG Steven A.BINNIE Sheng XU Cong-Qiang LIU Tibor J.DUNAI Institute of Surface-earth System Science School of Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Institute of Geology and Mineralogy University of CologneCologne50674Germany

The terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dataset consisting of 1233^(10)Be measurements of fluvial sediment samples across the Asian mountain belts is used to constrain the influence of climate,tectonics and topography on earth-surface denudation processes.^(10)Be-derived basin-wide denudation rates were recalculated using a Monte Carlo simulation approach that relied on pixel-by-pixel production *** rates derived span four orders of magnitude,from 7.4±0.7 mm kyr^(-1)(1σ;Central Tibetan Plateau)to 9,646_(-744)^(+777)mm kyr^(-1)(1σ;Southern Tibetan Plateau),with a median of 186 mm kyr^(-1).Comparing our results with the traditional basin-wide production rate scaling model using a centroid coordinate and mean elevation,suggests that 96.6%of production rates will be underestimated using the latter method,especially for basins with a large *** bias between both methods reaches as large as 40%,caused by basin hypsometry and the nonlinear scaling of production rate with elevation and *** of the correlations between uniformly recalculated denudation rates and tectonics,climate,topography and rock lithology will facilitate the extrapolation of denudation rates in unknown basins using available *** the perspective of local scales,precipitation coupled with neotectonics-driven landslides is likely the most influential factor in subtropical Taiwan Island,while topography primarily constrains surface denudation rates in the eastern Tibetan Plateau within a narrow range of *** highland regions with glacier coverage,such as the Pamir,central and southern Tibetan Plateau high denudation rates are affected by glaciation,whereas lower precipitation and high erosion base level may limit river incision and evolving relief in the Central Tibetan *** contrast to local-scale findings highlighting a dominant factor constraining denudation rate,our large-scale quantitative analyses across the Asian mountain belts finds that(1)topographic

关键词： ^(10)Be-derived denudation rate Climate change Tectonic uplift Topographic gradient Asian mountains

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Economic effect of China's carbon neutrality target under shared socioeconomic pathways

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Science China earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 142-157页

作者： Zemiao LIU Xianjin HUANG Xinxian QI school of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Territory Optimization Ministry of Natural ResourcesNanjing210023China Frontiers Science Center for Critical earth Material Cycling Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China

Economic feasibility is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality ***,current integrated assessments often underestimate the economic impacts of mitigation policies due to the lack of consideration of their economic *** study integrates a warming-labour productivity model with a typical integrated assessment model using shared socioeconomic *** simulates China's economic development and carbon emission levels under both baseline and carbon-neutral policy scenarios,evaluating the economic costs and benefits of emission reduction policies aimed at achieving carbon *** findings reveal the following:(1)The economic costs of emission reduction policies are projected to peak between 2050 and 2060,ranging from 0.41%to 9.37%of total GDP in the baseline scenario,primarily due to increased energy prices and R&D *** costs are expected to decline rapidly after 2070.(2)China's carbon-neutral policies will mitigate global warming,with the economic benefits of mitigation projected to reach 5.65%to 17.24%of China's total GDP by 2100.(3)Lowcarbon scenarios SSP1 and SSP4 could significantly reduce initial economic costs and advance the onset of net economic gains to *** integrated assessment confirms that China's carbon neutrality target offers substantial net economic benefits in the long *** minimize initial economic costs,efforts should focus on enhancing consumption-side transitions,upgrading lowcarbon technologies,and adopting new energy sources.

关键词： Climate change China Carbon neutrality Economic effects Policy

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Three-dimensional internal multiple elimination in complex structures using Marchenko autofocusing theory

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Petroleum Science 2025年第1期22卷 222-233页

作者： Pei-Nan Bao Ying Shi Xin-Min Shang Hong-Xian Liang Wei-Hong Wang school of earth Sciences Northeast Petroleum University Geophysical Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Sinopec

Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media. They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image. With the development of seismic exploration into deep and ultradeep events, especially those from complex targets in the western region of China, the internal multiple eliminations become increasingly challenging. Currently, three-dimensional(3D) seismic data are primarily used for oil and gas target recognition and drilling. Effectively eliminating internal multiples in 3D seismic data of complex structures and mitigating their adverse effects is crucial for enhancing the success rate of drilling. In this study, we propose an internal multiple prediction algorithm for 3D seismic data in complex structures using the Marchenko autofocusing theory. This method can predict the accurate internal multiples of time difference without an accurate velocity model and the implementation process mainly consists of several steps. Firstly, simulating direct waves with a 3D macroscopic velocity ***, using direct waves and 3D full seismic acquisition records to obtain the upgoing and downgoing Green's functions between the virtual source point and surface. Thirdly, constructing internal multiples of the relevant layers by upgoing and downgoing Green's functions. Finally, utilizing the adaptive matching subtraction method to remove predicted internal multiples from the original data to obtain seismic records without multiples. Compared with the two-dimensional(2D) Marchenko algorithm, the performance of the 3D Marchenko algorithm for internal multiple prediction has been significantly enhanced, resulting in higher computational accuracy. Numerical simulation test results indicate that our proposed method can effectively eliminate internal multiples in 3D seismic data,thereby exhibiting important theoretical and industrial application value.

关键词： Marchenko Internal multiple elimination Autofocusing Three-dimensional seismic data

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