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The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： Paul B.Wignall David P.G.Bond school of earth & environment University of Leeds school of environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

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Pre-Cryogenian integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 899-918页

作者： Peiyuan HU Qingguo ZHAI Guochun ZHAO Peter A.CAWOOD Yue TANG Yiming LIU Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Department of earth Sciences University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China school of earth Atmosphere&EnvironmentMonash UniversityMelbourneVIC 3800Australia

The composition and geological evolution of pre-Cryogenian material in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas have played an important role in studying the formation and evolution of early supercontinents on *** paper systematically summarizes the characteristics of pre-Cryogenian sedimentation,paleontology,magmatism,and metamorphism in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding *** on existing data,the records of pre-Cryogenian sedimentation and paleontology are mainly concentrated in the Meso-Neoproterozoic,with relatively few records from the Paleoproterozoic or *** oldest geological record is the Hadean detrital zircons in the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Himalaya and Qamdo areas(ca.4.0 Ga).The Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas preserve records related to the formation and evolution of the Kenor supercraton,and the Columbia,Rodinia,and Gondwana ***-Cryogenian basements can be divided into three types:Tarim-,Yangtze-,and *** Tarim-type basement has a paleogeographic affinity with the northern margins of the Australian and Indian continents and lacks detrital zircon age peaks and magmatic-metamorphic records related to the Rodinia assembly(ca.1.3-0.9 Ga).The Yangtze-type basement records volcanic activity related to global cooling in the latest pre-Cryogenian period and contains Meso-Neoproterozoic stromatolite and micropaleoflora fossils,as well as magmaticmetamorphic records related to Rodinia assembly(ca.1.1-1.0 Ga).The Lhasa-type basement is characterized by Neoproterozoic rift-related sediment records(ca.900 Ma)and high-pressure metamorphic events(ca.650 Ma),with a prominent peak of detrital zircon ages of ca.1.2-1.1 *** is likely to have a paleogeographic affinity with the African continent.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Pre-Cryogenian Sedimentation Fossils Paleogeographic evolution

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Deep carbon recycling viewed from global plate tectonics

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 37-55页

作者： Maoliang Zhang Sheng Xu Yuji Sano school of earth System Science Tianjin University Marine Core Research Institute Kochi University atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo

Plate tectonics plays an essential role in the redistribution of life-essential volatile elements between earth's interior and surface, whereby our planet has been well tuned to maintain enduring habitability over much of its history. Here we present an overview of deep carbon recycling in the regime of modern plate tectonics,with a special focus on convergent plate margins for assessing global carbon mass balance. The up-to-date flux compilation implies an approximate balance between deep carbon outflux and subduction carbon influx within uncertainty but remarkably limited return of carbon to convecting mantle. If correct, carbon would gradually accumulate in the lithosphere over time by（i） massive subsurface carbon storage occurring primarily in continental lithosphere from convergent margins to continental interior and（ii） persistent surface carbon sinks to seafloors sustained by high-flux deep CO2emissions to the atmosphere. Further assessment of global carbon mass balance requires updates on fluxes of subduction-driven carbon recycling paths and reduction in uncertainty of deep carbon outflux. From a global plate tectonics point of view, we particularly emphasize that continental reworking is an important mechanism for remobilizing geologically sequestered carbon in continental crust and sub-continental lithospheric mantle. In light of recent advances,future research is suggested to focus on a better understanding of the reservoirs, fluxes, mechanisms, and climatic effects of deep carbon recycling following an integrated methodology of observation, experiment,and numerical modeling, with the aim of decoding the self-regulating earth system and its habitability from the deep carbon recycling perspective.

关键词： deep carbon recycling convergent plate margins subduction continental reworking global carbon mass balance

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Novel Cs-Mg-Al mixed oxide with improved mobility of oxygen species for passive NOx adsorption

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Green Energy & environment 2024年第10期9卷 1581-1591页

作者： Yimeng Yin Chizhong Wang Lei Qiu Xing Li Feilin Zhao Jie Yu Jinchi Han Huazhen Chang school of environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China Department of earth System Science Tsinghua University

The development of passive NOxadsorbers with cost-benefit and high NOxstorage capacity remains an on-going challenge to after-treatment technologies at lower temperatures associated with cold-start ***,Cs1Mg3Al catalyst prepared by sol±gel method was cyclic tested in NOxstorage under 5 vol%*** 100°C,the NOxstorage capacity (1219μmol g-1) was much higher than that of Pt/Ba O/Al2O3(610μmol g-1).This provided new insights for non-noble metal catalysts in low-temperature passive *** addition of Cs improved the mobility of oxygen species and thus improved the NOxstorage *** XRD,XPS,IR spectra and in situ DRIFTs with NH3probe showed an interaction between CsOxand AlOxsites via oxygen species formed on Cs1Mg3Al *** improved mobility of oxygen species inferred from O2-TPD was consistent with high NOxstorage capacity related to enhanced formation of nitrate and additional nitrite species by ***,the addition of Mg might improve the stability of Cs1Mg3Al by stabilizing surface active oxygen species in cyclic experiments.

关键词： Passive NO x adsorber Low-temperature NO x storage Cesium Oxygen mobility

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A systematic review of the inequality of health burdens related to climate change

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 137-153页

作者： Xinke Song Shihui Zhang Hai Huang Qun Ding Fang Guo Yaxin Zhang Jin Li Mingyu Li Wenjia Cai Can Wang State Key Joint Laboratory of environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Department of earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Climate change significantly impacts human health,exacerbating existing health inequalities and creating new *** study addresses the lack of systematic review in this area by analyzing 2440 publications,focusing on four key terms:health,disparities,environmental factors,and climate *** inclusion criteria limited the selection to English-language,peer-reviewed articles related to climate health hazards,ensuring the relevance and rigor of the synthesized *** process synthesized 65 relevant *** investigation revealed that recent research,predominantly from developed countries,has broadened its scope beyond temperature-related impacts to encompass diverse climate hazards,including droughts,extreme weather,floods,mental health issues,and the intersecting effects of Coronavirus Disease *** has highlighted exposure as the most studied element in the causal chain of climate change-related health inequalities,followed by adaptive capability and inherent *** most significant vulnerabilities were observed among populations with low socioeconomic status,ethnic minorities,and *** study further reveals research biases and methodological limitations,such as the paucity of attention to underdeveloped regions,a narrow focus on non-temperature-related hazards,challenges in attributing climate change effects,and a deficit of large-scale empirical *** findings call for more innovative research approaches and a holistic integration of physical,socio-political,and economic dimensions to enrich climate-health discourse and inform equitable policy-making.

关键词： Climate change Health impact Human well-being Inequality Vulnerability

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Spatiotemporal Evaluation and Future Projection of Diurnal Temperature Range over the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6 Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第11期41卷 2245-2258页

作者： Suguo ZHANG Qin HU Xianhong MENG Yaqiong LÜ Xianyu YANG school of Atmospheric Sciences/Plateau atmosphere and environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Mountain Hazards and environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China school of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China earth System Modelling School of Engineering and DesignTechnical University of MunichMunich 85521Germany

The diurnal temperature range(DTR) serves as a vital indicator reflecting both natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. This study investigates the historical and projected multitemporal DTR variations over the Tibetan Plateau. It assesses 23 climate models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) using CN05.1 observational data as validation, evaluating their ability to simulate DTR over the Tibetan Plateau. Then, the evolution of DTR over the Tibetan Plateau under different shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP) scenarios for the near,middle, and long term of future projection are analyzed using 11 selected robustly performing models. Key findings reveal:(1) Among the models examined, BCC-CSM2-MR, EC-earth3, EC-earth3-CC, EC-earth3-Veg, EC-earth3-Veg-LR,FGOALS-g3, FIO-ESM-2-0, GFDL-ESM4, MPI-ESM1-2-HR, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, and INM-CM5-0 exhibit superior integrated simulation capability for capturing the spatiotemporal variability of DTR over the Tibetan Plateau.(2) Projection indicates a slightly increasing trend in DTR on the Tibetan Plateau in the SSP1-2.6 scenario, and decreasing trends in the SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SPP5-8.5 scenarios. In certain areas, such as the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, western hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, southern Kunlun, and the Qaidam basins, the changes in DTR are relatively large.(3) Notably, the warming rate of maximum temperature under SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SPP5-8.5 is slower compared to that of minimum temperature, and it emerges as the primary contributor to the projected decrease in DTR over the Tibetan Plateau in the future.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau CMIP6 models diurnal temperature range model assessment historical period future projection

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Assessment of spongy moth infestation impacts on forest productivity and carbon loss using the Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing and eddy covariance flux data

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 231-245页

作者： Nur Hussain Alemu Gonsamo Shusen Wang M.Altaf Arain school of earth Environment and Society and McMaster Centre for Climate Change Mc Master University Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Natural Resources Canada

Background Deciduous forests in eastern North America experienced a widespread and intense spongy moth（Lymantria dispar） infestation in 2021. This study quantified the impact of this spongy moth infestation on carbon（C） cycle in forests across the Great Lakes region in Canada, utilizing high-resolution（10 × 10 m2） Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing images and eddy covariance（EC） flux data. Study results showed a significant reduction in leaf area index（LAI） and gross primary productivity（GPP） values in deciduous and mixed forests in the region in *** Remote sensing derived, growing season mean LAI values of deciduous（mixed） forests were 3.66（3.18）, 2.74（2.64）, and 3.53（2.94） m2m-2in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, indicating about 24（14）% reduction in LAI, as compared to pre-and post-infestation years. Similarly, growing season GPP values in deciduous（mixed） forests were 1338（1208）, 868（932）, and 1367（1175） g C m-2, respectively in 2020, 2021 and 2022, showing about 35（22）% reduction in GPP in 2021 as compared to pre-and post-infestation years. This infestation induced reduction in GPP of deciduous and mixed forests, when upscaled to whole study area（178,000 km2）, resulted in 21.1（21.4） Mt of C loss as compared to 2020（2022）, respectively. It shows the large scale of C losses caused by this infestation in Canadian Great Lakes *** The methods developed in this study offer valuable tools to assess and quantify natural disturbance impacts on the regional C balance of forest ecosystems by integrating field observations, high-resolution remote sensing data and models. Study results will also help in developing sustainable forest management practices to achieve net-zero C emission goals through nature-based climate change solutions.

关键词： Spongy moth Infestation Carbon Gross ecosystem productivity Leaf area index Temperate forest Remote sensing Sentinel-2 Eddy covariance

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Applications of mercury stable isotopes for tracing volcanism in the geologic record

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Science China earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1436-1458页

作者： Qing GONG Ming-Xing LING Wang ZHENG State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and environment East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China school of earth System Science Institute of Surface-Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Mercury(Hg)enrichments in ancient sediments have been used as a proxy of volcanism,especially large igneous province(LIP)***,considering the existence of other potential Hg sources besides volcanoes and the diverse factors(e.g.,organic matters,clay minerals,sulfide minerals and Fe oxides)that can affect Hg sequestration,there are considerable uncertainties to simply regard sedimentary Hg anomalies as signatures of volcanic *** stable isotopes,a promising tool for tracing the origins and transformations of Hg,have been increasingly used for determining the causes of Hg spikes and understanding the geochemical behavior of Hg in the geologic *** date,lots of researches have applied Hg concentrations and Hg isotopes to identify LIP volcanisms linking with significant geological events such as mass extinctions,ocean anoxic events and other environmental perturbations that mainly occurred in the ***,the results in previous studies clearly show that not all Hg enrichments are derived from volcanic inputs,which emphasize the need for more caution in using Hg as a fingerprint of *** a better understanding of Hg isotopes in the future,there will be important implications for Hg isotopes to reconstruct volcanic activities in the rock records and their impacts on biological evolution.

关键词： Mercury stable isotopes Large igneous province Mass extinction event Ocean anoxic event

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Sustainable management of campus fallen leaves through low-temperature pyrolysis and application in Pb immobilization

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 281-292页

作者： Rongli Tan Ke Li Yue Sun Xiaoliang Fan Zhengtao Shen Lingyi Tang school of environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China school of earth and Engineering Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2E3Canada

Realizing campus sustainability requires the environmental-friendly and economical treatment of tremendous fallen *** fallen leaf biochar at a low temperature is a candidate *** this study,six common types of fallen leaves on the campus were pyrolyzed at 300℃.The obtained biochars were characterized and the adsorption mechanisms of lead(Pb)by the fallen leaf biochars were *** adsorption capacity of leaf biochar for Pb was relatively high,up to 209 mg/g(Yulania denudata leaf biochar).Adsorption of Pb onto active sites was the rate-limiting step for most leaf *** for Platanus leaf biochar,intraparticle diffusion of Pb^(2+)dominated owing to the lowest adsorption ***,the highest exchangeable Pb fraction(27%)indicated its potential for removing aqueous Pb^(2+).Ginkgo and Prunus cerasifera leaf biochar immobilized Pb by surface complexation and precipitation as lead ***,they were suitable for soil heavy metal *** study shed the light on the sustainable utilization of campus fallen leaves and the application of fallen leaf biochars in heavy metal remediation.

关键词： Fallen leaves Waste management Biochar Lead removal Sorption Circular campus

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Drought decreases the positive impact of warming on an alpine grassland community

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Science China earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3226-3238页

作者： Wang A Wangwang LV Yang ZHOU Bowen LI Jianping SUN Jingya LV Lanying CHEN Dorji TSECHEO Shiping WANG Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau earth Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China school of Ecology and environment Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China university of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Temperature and precipitation are the main factors determining plant community succession and aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP)in natural ***,most climate manipulative experiments have mainly focused on their impacts in isolation,especially in alpine *** we explored the relative effects and interaction of warming and precipitation alteration on succession and ANPP using a 7-year experiment involving warming with precipitation alteration(increase(IP)or decrease(DP))in precipitation relative to ambient precipitation(AP)on the Tibetan *** results showed that warming and warm-wet conditions increased species richness,diversity index,height and cover of overall ***,decreasing precipitation reduced them,but increased *** and the rate of change in community ***,warming mitigated the impacts of decreased precipitation on plant community composition,and the interactive effects of warming and altered precipitation on cover,height and plant ANPP varied with year and plant ***,warming increased community ANPP through increases in forb ANPP or non-dominant species ANPP and biodiversity regardless of change in ***,decreased precipitation reduced community ANPP via decreases in the ANPP of sedges and forbs and *** alteration affected the relationship between biodiversity and community ANPP regardless of warming(IP

关键词： Alpine grassland Climate warming Precipitation alteration Community composition Biodiversity Above-ground net primary productivity

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