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Neuronal conversion from glia to replenish the lost neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1446-1453页

作者： Shiyu Liang Jing Zhou Xiaolin Yu Shuai Lu Ruitian Liu National Key Laboratory of Biochemical engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina school of Chemical engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation Beijing Rehabilitation HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Neuronal injury,aging,and cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as cerebral infarction,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and Huntington’s disease are characte rized by significant neuronal *** rtunately,the neurons of most mammals including humans do not possess the ability to *** of lost neurons becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy to reve rse the disease *** of pluripotent neural stem cells can supplement the missing neurons in the brain,but it carries the risk of causing gene mutation,tumorigenesis,severe inflammation,and obstructive hydrocephalus induced by brain *** of neural or non-neural lineage cells into functional neurons is a promising strategy for the diseases involving neuron loss,which may overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of neural stem cell *** far,many strategies to transfo rm astrocytes,fibroblasts,microglia,Muller glia,NG2 cells,and other glial cells to mature and functional neurons,or for the conversion between neuronal subtypes have been developed thro ugh the regulation of transcription factors,polypyrimidine tra ct binding protein 1(PTBP1),and small chemical molecules or are based on a combination of several factors and the location in the central nervous ***,some recent papers did not obtain expected results,and discrepancies ***,in this review,we discuss the history of neuronal transdifferentiation,summarize the strategies for neuronal replenishment and conversion from glia,especially astrocytes,and point out that biosafety,new strategies,and the accurate origin of the truly co nverted neurons in vivo should be focused upon in future *** also arises the attention of replenishing the lost neurons from glia by gene therapies such as up-regulation of some transc ription factors or downregulation of PTBP1 or drug interfe rence therapies.

关键词： astrocytes neural stem cells neurodegenerative diseases neuron polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 repair reprogramming small molecule transcription factor transdifferentiation

错失的温室气体减排机遇——被低估的生活垃圾填埋场甲烷排放量（英文）

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engineering 2024年第5期 12-15页

作者：王曜周传斌楼紫阳张厚虎 Abid Hussain 詹良通殷柯方明亮费璕瑺 school of Civil and environmental engineering Nanyang Technological University State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of environmental Science and engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Nanjing Institute of environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment Department of Civil and environmental engineering Carleton University Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental engineering Zhejiang University Department of environmental engineering School of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Department of environmental Science and engineering Fudan University

1. Introduction Cities are responsible for approximately 70%of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and about 60%of all anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions [1,2]. Solid waste disposal sites (including landfills and dumpsites), which are prevalent in global cities, emit CH4generated from the anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste (MSW). Notably, the proportions of CH4emissions from disposal sites surpass 50%of the total CH4emissions in some megalopolises [3]. CH4has a high global warming potential (GWP), being 28 times stronger than carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 100-year period and 80 times stronger over a 20-year period [4]. Understanding and mitigating CH4emissions from solid waste disposal sites is particularly pertinent and pressing, considering that the latest Synthesis Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasizes that the current pace of mitigation and adaptation policies and measures falls short of restraining global temperature rise to under 1.5。C within the 21st century [4]. More than 150 countries signed the Global Methane Pledge at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26), which aims to reduce global annual CH4emissions by 30%by 2030, compared with emissions in 2020 [5].

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Dynamic modeling and RBF neural network compensation control for space flexible manipulator with an underactuated hand

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 417-439页

作者： Dongyang SHANG Xiaopeng LI Meng YIN Fanjie LI school of Mechanical engineering and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

In space operation,flexible manipulators and gripper mechanisms have been widely used because of light weight and ***,the vibration caused by slender structures in manipulators and the parameter perturbation caused by the uncertainty derived from grasping mass variation cannot be *** existence of vibration and parameter perturbation makes the rotation control of flexible manipulators difficult,which seriously affects the operation accuracy of ***’s more,the complex dynamic coupling brings great challenges to the dynamics modeling and vibration *** solve this problem,this paper takes the space flexible manipulator with an underactuated hand(SFMUH)as the research *** dynamics model considering flexibility,multiple nonlinear elements and disturbance torque is established by the assumed modal method(AMM)and Hamilton’s principle.A dynamic modeling simplification method is proposed by analyzing the nonlinear ***’s more,a sliding mode control(SMC)method combined with the radial basis function(RBF)neural network compensation is ***,the control law is designed using a saturation function in the control method to weaken the chatter *** the help of neural networks to identify the uncertainty composition in the SFMUH,the tracking accuracy is *** results of ground control experiments verify the advantages of the control method for vibration suppression of the SFMUH.

关键词： Space flexible manipulator RBF neural network Underactuated hand Dynamic models Model simplification

Thermally Conductive and UV-EMI Shielding Electronic Textiles for Unrestricted and Multifaceted Health Monitoring

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 149-162页

作者： Yidong Peng Jiancheng Dong Jiayan Long Yuxi Zhang Xinwei Tang Xi Lin Haoran Liu Tuoqi Liu Wei Fan Tianxi Liu Yunpeng Huang Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122People's Republic of China

Skin-attachable electronics have garnered considerable research attention in health monitoring and artificial intelligence domains,whereas susceptibility to elec-tromagnetic interference(EMI),heat accumulation issues,and ultraviolet(UV)-induced aging problems pose significant constraints on their potential ***,an ultra-elas-tic,highly breathable,and thermal-comfortable epidermal sensor with exceptional UV-EMI shielding performance and remarkable thermal conductivity is developed for high-fidelity monitoring of multiple human electrophysiological *** filling the elastomeric microfibers with thermally conductive boron nitride nanoparticles and bridging the insulating fiber interfaces by plating Ag nanoparticles(NPs),an interwoven thermal con-ducting fiber network(0.72 W m^(-1) K^(-1))is constructed benefiting from the seamless thermal interfaces,facilitating unimpeded heat dissipation for comfort skin *** excitingly,the elastomeric fiber substrates simultaneously achieve outstanding UV protection(UPF=143.1)and EMI shielding(SET>65,X-band)capabilities owing to the high electrical conductivity and surface plasmon resonance of Ag ***,an electronic textile prepared by printing liquid metal on the UV-EMI shielding and thermally conductive nonwoven textile is finally utilized as an advanced epidermal sensor,which succeeds in monitoring different electrophysiological signals under vigorous electromagnetic *** research paves the way for developing protective and environmentally adaptive epidermal electronics for next-generation health regulation.

关键词： Skin electronics Thermal regulating textiles Electromagnetic interference shielding Ultraviolet proof Health monitoring

Integrative regulatory mechanisms of stomatal movements under changing climate

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 368-393页

作者： Jingbo Zhang Xuexue Chen Yajing Song Zhizhong Gong State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Plant environmental Resilience College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China Institute of Life Science and Green Development School of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaoding 071001China

Global climate change-caused drought stress,high temperatures and other extreme weather profoundly impact plant growth and development,restricting sustainable crop *** cope with various environmental stimuli,plants can optimize the opening and closing of stomata to balance CO_(2)uptake for photosynthesis and water loss from *** cells perceive and integrate various signals to adjust stomatal pores through turgor pressure *** mechanisms and signaling networks underlying the stomatal movements in response to environmental stresses have been extensively studied and *** review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of stomatal movements mediated by abscisic acid,light,CO_(2),reactive oxygen species,pathogens,temperature,and other *** discussed the significance of elucidating the integrative mechanisms that regulate stomatal movements in helping design smart crops with enhanced water use efficiency and resilience in a climate-changing world.

关键词： environmental stress guard cell plant regulatory mechanisms stomatal movements

A physics-informed neural network for simulation of finite deformation in hyperelastic-magnetic coupling problems

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第10期45卷 1717-1732页

作者： Lei WANG Zikun LUO Mengkai LU Minghai TANG Department of engineering Mechanics College of Mechanics and Engineering SciencesHohai University school of Mechanical engineering and Mechanics Ningbo University

Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that the physics-informed neural network(PINN) can effectively and accurately resolve hyperelastic finite deformation problems. In this paper, a PINN framework for tackling hyperelastic-magnetic coupling problems is proposed. Since the solution space consists of two-phase domains,two separate networks are constructed to independently predict the solution for each phase region. In addition, a conscious point allocation strategy is incorporated to enhance the prediction precision of the PINN in regions characterized by sharp *** the developed framework, the magnetic fields and deformation fields of magnetorheological elastomers(MREs) are solved under the control of hyperelastic-magnetic coupling equations. Illustrative examples are provided and contrasted with the reference results to validate the predictive accuracy of the proposed framework. Moreover, the advantages of the proposed framework in solving hyperelastic-magnetic coupling problems are validated, particularly in handling small data sets, as well as its ability in swiftly and precisely forecasting magnetostrictive motion.

关键词： physics-informed neural network (PINN) deep learning hyperelasticmagnetic coupling finite deformation small data set O343.5 DEEP LEARNING FRAMEWORK BEHAVIOR MODEL

Optical Nonlinearity of Violet Phosphorus and Applications in Fiber Lasers

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第1期41卷 16-20页

作者：杨慧苒齐梦婷李旭鹏薛泽鲁晨浩成嘉伟韩冬冬李璐 school of Science Xi’an University of Posts and TelecommunicationsXi’an 710121China China Academy of Space Technology(Xi’an) Xi’an 710100China school of Electronic engineering Xi’an University of Posts and TelecommunicationsXi’an 710121China

A D-shaped fiber is coated with a new two-dimensional nanomaterial,violet phosphorus(VP),to create a saturable absorber(SA)with a modulation depth of 3.68%.Subsequently,the SA is inserted into a fiber laser,enabling successful generation of dark solitons and bright–dark soliton pairs through adjustment of the polarization state within the *** further study,mode-locked pulses are achieved,proving the existence of polarization-locked vector *** results indicate that VP can be used as a polarization-independent SA.

关键词： polarization fiber absorber

Introduction of rare-earth element Sc in alloy design to modify wear features of dual-phase high-entropy alloy

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 817-828页

作者： Hao Ren Rui-Run Chen Xue-Feng Gao Tong Liu Gang Qin Yu-Lung Chiu Shi-Ping Wu Jing-Jie Guo Guo National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China school of Metallurgy and Materials University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

Tailoring the alloy composition,which induces the hard secondary phase to increase hardness and strength to improve the wear features,is a feasible approach for developing wear-resistant metal ***,a group of(AlCoCrFeNi)_(100–x)Sc_(x)(x=0–2.0,at%)high-entropy alloys(HEAs)are designed and the phase compositions and wear behaviors are ***-doped HEA series contain the primary body-centered cubic(BCC)and eutectic phases,in which the eutectic phase is composed of the alternately grown BCC and Laves *** addition promotes the diffusion of Ni atoms from BCC phase to form the Sc-rich Laves phase at the grain *** hardness increases due to solid solution strengthening and second phase *** the second phase strengthening plays a more significant role relative to solid solution *** phase and the oxides caused by wear heating prevent the direct contact between friction pair and HEAs,thus inducing a decreased wear rate from 6.82×10^(−5) to 3.47×10^(−5)m^(3)·N^(−1)·m^(−1).Moreover,the wear mechanism changes from adhesive wear,abrasive wear and oxidative wear to abrasive wear and oxidative wear.

关键词： High entropy alloy(HEA) Laves phase Hardness Wear mechanism

Unveiling Organic Electrode Materials in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries:From Structural Design to Electrochemical Performance

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 47-81页

作者： Dujuan Li Yuxuan Guo Chenxing Zhang Xianhe Chen Weisheng Zhang Shilin Mei Chang-Jiang Yao State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection School of Mechatronical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081People's Republic of China

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are one of the most compelling alternatives of lithium-ion batteries due to their inherent safety and economics *** response to the growing demand for green and sustainable energy storage solutions,organic electrodes with the scalability from inexpensive starting materials and potential for biodegradation after use have become a prominent choice for *** gratifying progresses of organic molecules with electrochemical performance in AZIBs,the research is still in infancy and hampered by certain issues due to the underlying complex *** for designing organic electrode materials for AZIBs with high specific capacity and long cycling life are discussed in detail in this ***,we put emphasis on the unique electrochemistry of different redox-active structures to provide in-depth understanding of their working *** addition,we highlight the importance of molecular size/dimension regarding their profound impact on electrochemical ***,challenges and perspectives are discussed from the developing point of view for future *** hope to provide a valuable evaluation on organic electrode materials for AZIBs in our context and give inspiration for the rational design of high-performance AZIBs.

关键词： Aqueous zinc-ion batteries Organic electrodes Functional groups Molecular size/geometry Electrochemical performances