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The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： Paul B.Wignall David P.G.Bond school of Earth & environment University of Leeds school of environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high temperatures.Other kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

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Remediation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)contaminated black soil by freeze-thaw aging biochar

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 681-692页

作者： Lei Wang Zeyu Dou Chaoran Ma Xiaochen Jia Hongye Wang Wenjing Bao Lei Wang Jianhua Qu Ying Zhang school of Resources and environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),a complex structure with high toxicity,is a common organic pollutant.This study investigated the effects of fresh biochar(FBC),and freeze-thaw cycled aged biochar(FTC-BC)on DEHP-contaminated soils using a pot experiment.The specific surface area of FBC increased from 145.20 to 303.50 m~2/g,and oxygen-containing functional groups increased from 1.26 to 1.48 mol/g after freeze-thaw cycles,greatly enhancing the adsorption of DEHP by biochar in the soil.The comprehensive radar chart evaluation showed that FBC and FTC-BC reduced DEHP growth stress and improved the soil properties.Compared with FBC,FTC-BC performed better in protecting the normal growth of pakchoi and improving soil properties.In addition,the application of biochar increased the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the DEHP-contaminated soil and changed the composition of the soil bacterial community.The partial least squares path model(PLS-PM)showed that adding biochar as a soil remediation agent significantly positively impacted soil nutrients and indirectly reduced the DEHP levels in soil and plants by increasing soil microbial diversity.Compared with FBC,FTC-BC creates a more satisfactory living environment for microorganisms and has a better effect on the degradation of DEHP in the soil.This study provides a theoretical basis for future biochar remediation of DEHP-contaminated soils in cold high-latitude regions.

关键词： DEHP Freeze-thaw cycles Biochar Soil restoration

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The response of structure and nitrogen removal function of the biofilm on submerged macrophytes to high ammonium in constructed wetlands

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 129-141页

作者： Xue Jiang Mengmeng Wang Shunqing Yang Di He Fei Fang Liuyan Yang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China school of Resources and environment Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing 246133China

The ammonium exceedance discharge from sewage treatment plants has a great risk to the stable operation of subsequent constructed wetlands(CWs).The effects of high ammonium shocks on submerged macrophytes and epiphytic biofilms on the leaves of submerged macrophytes in CWs were rarely mentioned in previous studies.In this paper,the 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to investigate the variation of the microbial communities in biofilms on the leaves of Vallisneria natans plants while the growth characteristics of V.natans plants were measured at different initial ammonium concentrations.The results demonstrated that the total chlorophyll and soluble sugar synthesis of V.natans plants decreased by 51.45%and 57.16%,respectively,and malondialdehyde content increased threefold after8 days if the initial NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration was more than 5 mg/L.Algal density,bacterial quantity,dissolved oxygen,and pH increased with high ammonium shocks.The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and NH_(4)^(+)-N reached 73.26%and 83.94%,respectively.The heat map and relative abundance analysis represented that the relative abundances of phyla Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria,and Bacteroidetes increased.The numbers of autotrophic nitrifiers and heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrification(HNAD)bacteria expanded in biofilms.In particular,HNAD bacteria of Flavobacterium,Hydrogenophaga,Acidovorax,Acinetobacter,Pseudomonas,Aeromonas,and Azospira had higher abundances than autotrophic nitrifiers because there were organic matters secreted from declining leaves of V.natans plants.The analysis of the nitrogen metabolic pathway showed aerobic denitrification was the main nitrogen removal pathway.Thus,the nitrification and denitrification bacterial communities increased in epiphytic biofilms on submerged macrophytes in constructed wetlands while submerged macrophytes declined under ammonium shock loading.

关键词： Ammonium shock loading Biofilm Autotrophic nitrifiers Heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrification bacteria Submerged macrophyte

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The risk factors and threshold level of subchronic inhalation exposure of reclaimed water

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 639-650页

作者： Jiayang Kong Yun Lu Yunru Ren Menghao Chen Gang Liu Liangliang Shi State Key Joint Laboratory of environment Simulation and Pollution Control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Inhalation of reclaimed water is known to cause lung infammation,and free endotoxins have been shown to be a major risk factor for acute exposure.Subchronic exposure has also been shown to induce infammatory responses with visible tissue damage.However,subchronic risk factors have yet to be identified,and a threshold for the protection of occupational populations during urban reuse is necessary.In this study,potential risk factors in reclaimed water were examined by subchronic exposure with fractionated reclaimed water,and the health risk threshold was tested with a series of diluted reclaimed water.Accordingly,following a 12-week exposure,macromolecules and microorganisms were found to be two major risk factors in reclaimed water that could cause pulmonary infammation,including increased proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar fuid,formation of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue,and elevation of Immunoglobulin A levels.Moreover,infammation persisted after a 4-week recovery period.The calculated threshold of reclaimed water exposure for mice was 31.8 Endotoxin Unit(EU)/(kg·day)under when exposed to 50%additional relative humidity from reclaimed water at 25℃ for 2 hr/day.Meanwhile,the subchronic threshold estimate for humans under the same exposure conditions was found to be 12.2 EU/(kg·day),corresponding to endotoxin levels of 61.7 EU/mL in reclaimed water.The threshold level of endotoxin was lower than that in most non-potable reclaimed water.The findings of this study suggest that occupational exposure of reclaimed water can serve as a potential risk to workers.

关键词： Reclaimed water Inhalation exposure Risk factor Threshold Infammation Endotoxin

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Straw addition increases enzyme activities and microbial carbon metabolism activities in bauxite residue

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 332-344页

作者： Hao Wu Wei Sun Feng Zhu Yifan Jiang Shiwei Huang Johnvie Goloran Shengguo Xue school of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China school of Metallurgy and environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China school of environment and Science Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Recovery of microbial functions is one of the critical processes in the nutrient cycling of bauxite residue for improving revegetation.Straw is considered to be effective to increase microbial diversity and drive the development of the microbial community,but its effect on microbial carbon metabolism has not been illustrated.The present study evaluated the effects of phosphogypsum(PG),straw(SF)and phosphogypsum plus straw(PGSF)on physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and microbial carbon metabolism activities in bauxite residue.After 180 days incubation,PG,SF and PGSF treatment significantly reduced the residue pH from 10.85 to 8.64,9.39 and 8.06,respectively.Compared to CK treatment,SF treatment significantly increased the content of total organic carbon(TOC)and organic carbon fractions(DOC,MBC,EOC,and POC).In addition,straw addition significantly increased glucosidase,cellulose,urease,and alkaline phosphatase by 7.2-9.1 times,5.8-7.1 times,11.1-12.5 times,and 1.1-2.2 times,respectively.The Biolog results showed that straw addition significantly increased microbial metabolic activity(AWCD)and diversity in bauxite residue.Redundancy analysis indicated total nitrogen(TN)and carbon fractions(POC,MBC and DOC)were the most important environmental factors affecting microbial metabolic activity and diversity in bauxite residue.These findings provided us with a biogeochemical perspective to reveal soil formation in bauxite residue and suggested that nutrient supplement and regulation of salinity-alkalinity benefit the establishment of microbial communities and functions in bauxite residue.

关键词： Bauxite residue Labile organic carbon fractions Enzyme activities Community-level physiological profiles Soil formation in bauxite residue

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Comparison of antimony and arsenic behaviour at the river-lake junction in the middle of the Yangtze River Basin

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 189-200页

作者： Huiji Liu Wei Zeng Ziyang Lai Mengchang He Chunye Lin Wei Ouyang Xitao Liu State Key Laboratory of Water environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of environment and Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519087China

As typical metalloid toxic elements widely distributed in environmental media,the geochemical behaviour of antimony(Sb)and arsenic(As)affects environmental safety.We selected the surface waters and sediments at the river-lake junction of Dongting Lake as the research objects,analysed the concentration and chemical partitioning of Sb and As,assessed its contamination and ecological risk levels,and discussed its sources and potential influencing factors.The concentrations of dissolved Sb and As in surface waters were low(environmental behaviour of metalloids in specific hydrological conditions,such as river-lake junctions.

关键词： Contamination Ecological risks Antimony(Sb) Arsenic(As) River-lake junction Dongting Lake

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Characterization of size-resolved effective density of atmospheric particles in an urban atmosphere in Southern China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 194-204页

作者： Tingting Xie Liming Cao Jinyi Zheng Peng Xuan Xiaofeng Huang Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China

Effective density(ρ_(eff))is one of the most important physical properties of atmospheric particles,providing important references in exploring the emissions and aging processes of fresh particles.In this study,a combined system of differential mobility analyzer,centrifugal particle mass analyzer,and condensation particle counter was used to periodically measure theρ_(eff)of atmospheric particles in Shenzhen from Oct.2021 to Jan.2022.Results showed that theρ_(eff)of particles with various size presented a bimodal distribution,which could be divided into main density(ρ_(m),main peak,corresponding to relatively dense particles after aging)and sub density(ρ_(s),sub peak,corresponding to fresh particles).The occurrence frequencies ofρ_(s)of particles with diameters of 50 and 80 nm were less than 20%,but were as high as about 40%of that with diameters from 120 to 350 nm.Theρ_(m)showed increasing trend with the size of particles,whileρ_(s)decreased as the increasing of the size of particles.Theρ_(eff)on pollution day varied significantly with chemical compositions.The increasing of the proportion of sulfate could promote the increasing ofρ_(eff),while black carbon and organic matter caused opposite effects,which may be related to various factors,including the difference of the material density and morphology of various chemical components.Theρ_(eff)of 50,80 and 120 nm particles decreased considerably during the new particle formation event,indicating that organic condensation was an important contributor to new particle growth.

关键词： DMA-CPMA-CPC Effective density Main/sub density Size distribution

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Uncovering the coupling effect with energy-related carbon emissions and human development variety in Chinese provinces

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 527-542页

作者： Liu Chen Yiqi Tan Gengpei Lv Weiguang Cai Xiaofeng Gao Rui Li school of Management Science and Real Estate Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China State Key Joint Laboratory of environment Simulation and Pollution Control(SKLESPC) School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-environment Ministry of EducationCollege of Environment and EcologyChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Lessening energy-related carbon emissions has become a crucial measure to achieve Chinese carbon neutrality.This study is the first to construct a Difference in Carbon pressures-adjusted Human Development Index(DCHDI)model for the purpose of exploring the coupling effect between carbon emissions and human development variety from 2000 to 2019 in Chinese provinces.We demonstrate the following.(1)The total energy-related carbon footprint of 30 provinces in China reached 10.2 billion tons in 2019,with an average annual growth rate of 6.93% over the past two decades;and the provinces with the highest carbon emissions per capita are InnerMongolia,Ningxia,and Shanxi.(2)At the provincial level,we observed that the Human Development Index(HDI),which includes life expectancy,education,and income,has been rising,while Beijing,Shanghai,and Tianjin entered the super-high HDI level before 2008.(3)The entire coupling effect of 30 Chinese provinces has been broadly fortified in the last 20 years,but the growth rate of DCHDI values in 2011-2019 has slowed down compared with that in 2000-2010;the clustering phenomenon demonstrated that this discovery is associated with historical peaks in total carbon emissions.(4)The co-ordination degree of carbon emissions per capita and HDI was verified,and 96% of the data points were found in the range of super high coupling coordination degree.Overall,this study provides the government with worthwhile guidance for decision-making and carbon reduction strategies for other countries struggling to advance human sustainable development.

关键词： Energy-related carbon emissions Human sustainable development DCHDI model Coupling effect Chinese provinces

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A review on g-C_(3)N_(4)decorated with silver for photocatalytic energy conversion

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 187-196页

作者： Ziyu Pan Wufan Ding Hanchun Chen Haodong Ji Eco-environment and Resource Efficiency Research Laboratory School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China

Artificial photocatalytic energy conversion is considered as the most potential strategy for solving the increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental pollution problems by directly capturing solar energy.Therefore,high efficiency photocatalyst has drawn significant research attention in recent years.Due to the excellent electronic,optical,structural,and physicochemical performances,silver-based g-C_(3)N_(4)have become promising photocatalysts.This review emphasizes the recent progresses and challenges on g-C_(3)N_(4)decorated with silver for photocatalytic energy conversion.The extensive use of g-C_(3)N_(4)decorated with silver in diverse photocatalytic reactions,including hydrogen evolution,pollutant degradation and carbon dioxide reduction,is also fully introduced.In addition,we propose the perspectives of g-C_(3)N_(4)decorated with silver on photocatalytic applications.We hope that this review will shed some light on the photocatalytic energy conversion of g-C_(3)N_(4)decorated with silver.

关键词： g-C_(3)N_(4) Silver-modified g-C_(3)N_(4) Photocatalytic energy conversion H_(2)evolution Pollutant degradation CO_(2)reduction

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Selective adsorption of tetracycline by b-CD-immobilized sodium alginate aerogel coupled with ultrafiltration for reclaimed water

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 27-34页

作者： Xi Quan Jun Zhang Linlin Yin Wei Zuo Yu Tian State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and environment(SKLUWRE) School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

In this work,a novel composite material based on b-cyclodextrin-immobilized sodium alginate aerogel(b-CD/NaAlg)was developed utilizing cross-linker of epichlorohydrin and applied as an adsorbent to remove tetracycline antibiotics from reclaimed wastewater.A series of characterizations were utilized to confirm the successful synthesis of the adsorbent and this b-CD/NaAlg presented a three-dimensional network at the nanoscale or microscale.Under optimal conditions(pH=4,t=8 h,b-CD:NaAlg=9,adsorbent dosage=1.5 g·L^(-1)),the maximum removal rate of b-CD/NaAlg to tetracycline was 70%.The adsorption behavior of tetracycline on b-CD/NaAlg conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model(R^(2)=0.9977)and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R^(2)=0.9993).Moreover,the adsorbent still removed 55.3%of tetracycline after five cycles.Specially,the adsorbent was integrated with ultrafiltration to adsorb tetracycline antibiotics from simulated reclaimed wastewater,and the removal rate of tetracycline reached 78.9%within 2 h.The existence of Cr(VI)had a negligible impact on tetracycline removal,while the presence of humic acid exhibited a promoting effect.The possible adsorption mechanisms were also elucidated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory analysis.In summary,b-CD/NaAlg represents an environmentally friendly,efficient,and sustainable adsorbent for removing tetracycline antibiotics from reclaimed water.

关键词： b-CD/NaAlg aerogel Covalent grafting Tetracycline antibiotics Ultrafiltration Selective adsorption Reclaimed water

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