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Effect of lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment on excess sludge and anaerobic digestion

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 36-49页

作者： Xiuqin Cao Songyue Li Chaolei Liu school of Environment and Energy engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Key Laboratory of Urban Storm water System and Water Environment(Ministry of Education) Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China

Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste ***,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge *** this study,an efficient and eco-friendly lysozyme pre-treatment method was utilized to address these *** optimizing lysozyme dosage,hydrolysis and cell lysis were ***,lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment enhanced overall *** indicate that:(1)When lysozyme dosage reached 90 mg/g TS after 240 min of pretreatment,SCOD,soluble polysaccharides,and protein content reached their maxima at 855.00,44.09,and 204.86 mg/L,*** represented an increase of 85.87%,365.58%,and 259.21%compared to the untreated *** fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity in the IV region(soluble microbial product),promoting microbial metabolic activity.(2)Lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment significantly increased SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release from sludge,reducing SCOD release *** experiments identified Group 3 as the most effective for SCOD and soluble polysaccharide release,while Group 9 released the most soluble *** significance order of factors influencing SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release is hydrothermal temperature>hydrothermal time>enzymatic digestion time.(3)The lysozyme-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment group exhibited the fastest release and the highest SCOD concentration of 8,135.00 mg/L during anaerobic *** SCOD consumption and cumulative gas production increased by 95.89%and 130.58%,respectively,compared to the control group,allowing gas production to conclude 3 days earlier.

关键词： Excess sludge Lysozyme Hydrothermal pre-treatment Anaerobic digestion Gas production

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Aluminum foam as buffer layer used in soft rock tunnel with large deformation

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第1期22卷 324-336页

作者： WU Faquan MIAO Binxin TIAN Yun ZHANG Fang ZHANG Chaoxuan school of civil engineering Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province Shaoxing 312000China school of civil engineering and architecture Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China

The squeezing deformation of surrounding rock is an important factor restricting the safe construction and long-term operation of tunnels when a tunnel passes through soft strata with high ground *** such soft rock geological conditions,the large deformation of the surrounding rock can easily lead to the failure of supporting structures,including shotcrete cracks,spalling,and steel arch *** improve the lining support performance during the large deformation of squeezed surrounding rock,this work selects aluminum foam with densities of 0.25 g/cm3,0.42 g/cm3 and 0.61 g/cm3 as the buffer layer material and carries out uniaxial confined compression *** the evaluation and analysis of energy absorption and the comparison of the yield pressure of aluminum foam with those of other cushioning materials and yield pressure support systems,the strength,deformation and energy absorption of aluminum foam with a density of 0.25 g/cm3 meet the yield pressure performance *** numerical model of the buffer layer yielding support system is then established via the finite element analysis software ABAQUS,and the influence of the buffer layer setting on the lining support is *** with the conventional support scheme,the addition of an aluminum foam buffer layer can reduce the stress and deformation of the primary support and secondary *** maximum and minimum principal stresses of the primary support are reduced by 13%and 15%,*** maximum and minimum principal stresses of the secondary lining are reduced by 15%and 12%,respectively,and the displacement deformation of the secondary lining position is reduced by 15%.In summary,the application of aluminum foam buffer layer can reduce the stress and deformation of the primary support and secondary lining,improve the stress safety of the support and reduce the deformation of the support.

关键词： Soft rock tunnel Uniaxial confined compression Aluminum foam Buffer layer Yielding support

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RF Optimizer Model for Predicting Compressive Strength of Recycled Concrete

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 215-223页

作者： LIU Lin WANG Liuyan WANG Hui SUN Huayue school of civil engineering and architecture Shenyang UniversityShenyang 110000China

Traditional machine learning(ML)encounters the challenge of parameter adjustment when predicting the compressive strength of reclaimed *** address this issue,we introduce two optimized hybrid models:the Bayesian optimization model(B-RF)and the optimal model(Stacking model).These models are applied to a data set comprising 438 observations with five input variables,with the aim of predicting the compressive strength of reclaimed ***,we evaluate the performance of the optimized models in comparison to traditional machine learning models,such as support vector regression(SVR),decision tree(DT),and random forest(RF).The results reveal that the Stacking model exhibits superior predictive performance,with evaluation indices including R2=0.825,MAE=2.818 and MSE=14.265,surpassing the traditional ***,we also performed a characteristic importance analysis on the input variables,and we concluded that cement had the greatest influence on the compressive strength of reclaimed concrete,followed by ***,the Stacking model can be recommended as a compressive strength prediction tool to partially replace laboratory compressive strength testing,resulting in time and cost savings.

关键词： machine learning recycled concrete compressive strength

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Study on static characteristics of a novel prestress-reinforced railway subgrade

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Railway engineering Science 2025年第1期33卷 108-126页

作者： Junli Dong Fang Xu Qishu Zhang Wuming Leng Yafeng Li Qi Yang school of civil engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China MOE Key Laboratory of engineering Structures of Heavy Haul Railway Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China school of civil engineering Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China school of civil engineering and architecture Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

Understanding the reinforcement effect of the newly developed prestressed reinforcement components(PRCs)(a system composed of prestressed steel bars(PSBs),protective sleeves,lateral pressure plates(LPPs),and anchoring elements)is technically significant for the rational design of prestressed subgrade.A three-dimensional finite element model was established and verified based on a novel static model test and utilized to systematically analyze the influence of prestress levels and reinforcement modes on the reinforcement effect of the *** results show that the PRCs provide additional confining pressure to the subgrade through the diffusion effect of the prestress,which can therefore effectively improve the service performance of the *** to the unreinforced conventional subgrades,the settlements of prestressreinforced subgrades are *** settlement attenuation rate(Rs)near the LPPs is larger than that at the subgrade center,and increasing the prestress positively contributes to the stability of the subgrade *** the multi-row reinforcement mode,the reinforcement effect of PRCs can extend from the reinforced area to the unreinforced *** addition,as the horizontal distance from the LPPs increases,the additional confining pressure converted by the PSBs and LPPs gradually diminishes when spreading to the core load bearing area of the subgrade,resulting in a decrease in the *** the singlerow reinforcement mode,PRCs can be strategically arranged according to the local areas where subgrade defects readily occurred or observed,to obtain the desired reinforcement ***,excessive prestress should not be applied near the subgrade shoulder line to avoid the shear failure of the subgrade *** can be flexibly used for preventing and treating various subgrade defects of newly constructed or existing railway lines,achieving targeted and classified prevention,and effectively improving the bearing performance and deformati

关键词： Prestressed subgrade Static characteristic Reinforcement effect Reinforcement mode Settlement Numerical simulation

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Light-powered self-rolling of a liquid crystal elastomer-based dicycle

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第2期46卷 253-268页

作者： Kai LI Chongfeng ZHAO Yunlong QIU Yuntong DAI school of civil engineering Anhui Jianzhu University

Conventional liquid crystal elastomer (LCE)-based robots are limited by the need for complex controllers and bulky power supplies, restricting their use in microrobots and soft robots. This paper introduces a novel light-powered dicycle that uses an LCE rod, enabling self-rolling by harvesting energy from the environment. The LCE rod serves as the driving force, with energy being supplied by a line light source. Employing a dynamic LCE model, we calculate the transverse curvature of the LCE rod after deformation, as well as the driving moment generated by the shift in a rod’s center of gravity,which allows the dicycle to roll on its own. Through extensive numerical simulations,we identify the correlations between the angular velocity of the dicycle and the key system parameters, specifically the light intensity, LCE rod length, light penetration depth,overall mass of the dicycle, rolling friction coefficient, and wheel radius. Further, the experimental verification is the same as the theoretical result. This proposed light-powered self-rolling dicycle comes with the benefits of the simple structure, the convenient control,the stationary light source, and the small luminous area of the light source. It not only demonstrates self-sustaining oscillations based on active materials, but also highlights the great potential of light-responsive LCE rods in applications such as robotics, aerospace,healthcare, and automation.

关键词： self-rolling dicycle liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) rod light-powered O322 O323

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Sulfur doping and oxygen vacancy in In2O3 nanotube co-regulate intermediates of CO2 electroreduction for efficient HCOOH production and rechargeable Zn-CO2 battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 474-484页

作者： Yu Li Zhengrong Xu Quanxin Guo Qin Li Rui Liu Key Laboratory of Advanced civil engineering Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University

By manipulating the distribution of surface electrons,defect engineering enables effective control over the adsorption energy between adsorbates and active sites in the CO2reduction reaction（CO2RR）.Herein,we report a hollow indium oxide nanotube containing both oxygen vacancy and sulfur doping（V_o-Sx-In2O3） for improved CO2-to-HCOOH electroreduction and *** componential synergy significantly reduces the*OCHO formation barrier to expedite protonation process and creates a favorable electronic micro-environment for*HCOOH *** a result,the CO2RR performance of Vo-Sx-In2O3outperforms Pure-In2O3and V_o-In2O3,where V_o-S53-In2O3exhibits a maximal HCOOH Faradaic efficiency of 92.4% at-1,2 V *** hydrogen electrode（RHE） in H-cell and above 92%over a wide window potential with high current density(119.1 mA cm-2at-1.1 V ***) in flow ***,the rechargeable Zn-CO2battery utilizing V_o-S53-In2O3as cathode shows a high power density of 2.29 mW cm-2and a long-term stability during charge-discharge *** work provides a valuable perspective to elucidate co-defective catalysts in regulating the intermediates for efficient CO2RR.

关键词： CO2 electroreduction In2O3 Intermediate Oxygen vacancy Sulfur doping Zn-CO2 battery

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On the interfacial behavior of a one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal film based on the beam theory

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第2期46卷 289-304页

作者： Wenkai ZHANG C.S.LU Minghao ZHAO Cuiying FAN Huayang DANG school of Mechanics and Safety engineering Zhengzhou University school of civil and Mechanical engineering Curtin University school of Mechanical engineering Zhengzhou University

In this paper, the mechanical response of a one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal (PQC) thin film is analyzed under electric and temperature loads. Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, a theoretical model is proposed, resulting in coupled governing integral equations that account for interfacial normal and shear stresses. To numerically solve these integral equations, an expansion method using orthogonal Chebyshev polynomials is employed. The results provide insights into the interfacial stresses, axial force, as well as axial and vertical deformations of the PQC ***, fracture criteria, including stress intensity factors, mode angles, and the Jintegral, are evaluated. The solution is compared with the membrane theory, neglecting the normal stress and bending deformation. Finally, the effects of stiffness and aspect ratio on the PQC film are thoroughly discussed. This study serves as a valuable guide for controlling the mechanical response and conducting safety assessments of PQC film systems.

关键词： one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal (PQC) film beam theory electric and temperature loads Chebyshev polynomial interfacial behavior O343.1

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Recent progress in constructing fluorinated solid-electrolyte interphases for stable lithium metal anodes

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 270-291页

作者： Di Zhang Pengfei Lv Wei Qin Xin He Yuanhua He civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Civil Aviation Safety EngineeringCivil Aviation Flight University of ChinaGuanghan 618307China school of Chemical engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are emerging as a promising energy storage solution owing to their high energy density and specific ***,the non-uniform plating of lithium and the potential rupture of the solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)during extended cycling use may result in dendrite growth,which can penetrate the separator and pose significant short-circuit *** a stable SEI is essential for the long-term operation of the ***-rich SEI has garnered significant attention for its ability to effectively passivate electrodes,regulate lithium deposition,and inhibit electrolyte *** the structural components and preparation methods of existing fluorinated SEI is crucial for optimizing lithium metal anode *** paper reviews the research on optimizing LiF passivation interfaces to protect lithium metal *** focuses on four types of compositions in fluorinated SEI that work synergistically to enhance SEI *** instance,combining compounds with LiF can further enhance the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of the *** metals with LiF significantly improves electrochemical performance at the SEI/anode interface,with a necessary focus on reducing electron tunneling ***,incorporating polymers with LiF offers balanced improvements in interfacial toughness and ionic conductivity,though maintaining structural stability over long cycles remains a critical area for future *** alloys combined with LiF increase surface energy and lithium affinity,challenges such as dendrite growth and volume expansion *** summary,this paper emphasizes the crucial role of interfacial structures in LMBs and offers comprehensive guidance for future design and development efforts in battery technology.

关键词： LiF lithium metal anodes solid-electrolyte interphase interface cycling stability

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Thermal fracture analysis of two collinear cracks in a functionally graded medium based on the three-phase-lag model

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第3期46卷 501-520页

作者： Zhangna XUE Huameng WANG Jianlin LIU Minjie WEN Z.T.CHEN College of Pipeline and civil engineering China University of Petroleum(East China) school of civil engineering and architecture Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Department of Mechanical engineering University of Alberta

The three-phase-lag(TPL) heat conduction model is an accurate representation of the actual heat transfer process. It would be interesting to investigate how the TPL model affects the thermal fracture behavior when there are defects existing in the medium. This paper aims to analyze the thermoelastic responses of two collinear cracks within a functionally graded half-space under thermal loadings by means of the TPL model. The thermoelastic problem is transformed into a series of singular integral equations using the integral transformation methods. The transient temperature and stress intensity factors(SIFs) are obtained through the application of Chebyshev *** effects of crack spacing and non-homogeneous parameters on the transient thermoelastic responses are presented, and the results of the TPL model are compared with those of the Fourier model, Cattaneo and Vernotte(CV) model, and dual-phase-lag(DPL)model. It is shown that crack spacing and non-homogeneous parameters have important effects on the thermoelastic responses, and the fluctuation phenomenon under the TPL model is the most pronounced due to the existence of the thermal displacement lag term.

关键词： Chebyshev polynomials

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Predictor−corrector inverse design scheme for property−composition prediction of amorphous alloys

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2025年第1期35卷 169-183页

作者： Tao LONG Zhi-lin LONG Bo PANG school of Mechanical engineering and Mechanics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China school of civil engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

In order to develop a generic framework capable of designing novel amorphous alloys with selected target properties,a predictor−corrector inverse design scheme(PCIDS)consisting of a predictor module and a corrector module was presented.A high-precision forward prediction model based on deep neural networks was developed to implement these two *** utmost importance,domain knowledge-guided inverse design networks(DKIDNs)and regular inverse design networks(RIDNs)were also *** forward prediction model possesses a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.990 for the shear modulus and 0.986 for the bulk modulus on the testing ***,the DKIDNs model exhibits superior performance compared to the RIDNs *** is finally demonstrated that PCIDS can efficiently predict amorphous alloy compositions with the required target properties.

关键词： amorphous alloys machine learning deep neural networks inverse design elastic modulus

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