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怎样讲授药物化学才能达到药学学生所需的目标

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药学教育 2000年第3期16卷 50-53,49页

作者： Naser Z. Alsharif Christopher J. Destache Victoria F. Roche school of Pharmacy and Allied health professions Creighton University School of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions Creighton UniversitySchool of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions Creighton University

实际工作中,药师们应凭借自身的能力和经验,在药物治疗过程中发挥作用。为适应新颁布的药物治疗职能、行业技术标准和重新修订的鉴定标准,许多药学院纷纷为学生重新确定专业总体目标。要求学生必须学会合理科学地分析临床情况,并与病人... 详细信息

实际工作中,药师们应凭借自身的能力和经验,在药物治疗过程中发挥作用。为适应新颁布的药物治疗职能、行业技术标准和重新修订的鉴定标准,许多药学院纷纷为学生重新确定专业总体目标。要求学生必须学会合理科学地分析临床情况,并与病人有关的数据汇合整理,进行解释和分析;学会能够根据以往的经验和积累的知识,作出判断和治疗决定,以提高病人的生命质量。同时学校也应保证基础药学课教师在授课时不仅重视学科的基础理论,还应重视理论和目前实践的联系。1995年,Creighton大学在药物化学课中引入了基于结构药物治疗评估(SBTE)法。此法用于药物化学课的教学,能帮助教师将实践带入理论课堂的一条新路。它鼓励学生在今后工作中作治疗决定时,也要将实际结果与理论基础的理解结合起来。

关键词：药物化学药物治疗药学院病人临床情况药师多药学生教师讲授

Neuroaxonal and cellular damage/protection by prostanoid receptor ligands,fatty acid derivatives and associated enzyme inhibitors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 5-17页

作者： Najam A.Sharif Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesTexas Southern UniversityHoustonTXUSA Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of North Texas Health Sciences CenterFort WorthTXUSA Department of Pharmacy Sciences School of Pharmacy and Health ProfessionsCreighton UniversityOmahaNEUSA Singapore Eye Research Institute(SERI) SingaporeSingapore Duke-NUS Medical school SingaporeSingapore Department of Surgery&Cancer Imperial College of Science and TechnologySt.Mary’s CampusLondonUK Global Alliances and External Research Ophthalmology Innovation CenterSanten Inc USAEmeryvilleCAUSA

Cellular and mitochondrial membrane phospholipids provide the substrate for synthesis and release of prostaglandins in response to certain chemical,mechanical,noxious and other *** D_(2),prostaglandin E_(2),prostaglandin F_(2)α,prostaglandin I_(2)and thromboxane-A_(2)interact with five major receptors(and their sub-types)to elicit specific downstream cellular and tissue *** general,prostaglandins have been associated with pain,inflammation,and edema when they are present at high local concentrations and involved on a chronic ***,in acute settings,certain endogenous and exogenous prostaglandins have beneficial effects ranging from mediating muscle contraction/relaxation,providing cellular protection,regulating sleep,and enhancing blood flow,to lowering intraocular pressure to prevent the development of glaucoma,a blinding *** classes of prostaglandins are implicated(or are considered beneficial)in certain central nervous system dysfunctions(e.g.,Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s diseases;amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis;stroke,traumatic brain injuries and pain)and in ocular disorders(e.g.,ocular hypertension and glaucoma;allergy and inflammation;edematous retinal disorders).This review endeavors to address the physiological/pathological roles of prostaglandins in the central nervous system and ocular function in health and disease,and provides insights towards the therapeutic utility of some prostaglandin agonists and antagonists,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and cyclooxygenase inhibitors.

关键词： AL-8810 axon brain central nervous system cyclooxygenase inhibitors neuron neuroprotection ocular polyunsaturated fatty acids prostaglandins

Navigating interdisciplinary research:Historical progression and contemporary challenges

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2024年第3期9卷 14-28页

作者： Xiaoqiang Li Fen Cai Jintao Bao Yuqing Jian Zehui Sun Xin Xie The Office of Science and Technology Development Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Center for health professions Education Development Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Graduate school of Education Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China The Office of Scientific Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple *** integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various *** study explores the historical and sociological development of interdisciplinary research and maps its evolution through three distinct phases:pre-disciplinary,disciplinary,and *** identifies key internal dynamics,such as disciplinary diversification,reorganization,and innovation,as primary drivers of this ***,this study highlights how external factors,particularly the urgency of World War II and the subsequent political and economic changes,have accelerated its *** rise of interdisciplinary research has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms,promoting its integration across different educational ***,the inherent contradictions within interdisciplinary research present cognitive,emotional,and institutional challenges for ***,finding a balance between the breadth and depth of knowledge remains a critical challenge in interdisciplinary education.

关键词： Interdisciplinary research Historical sociology Development phases Interdisciplinary challenges

Epidemics of overweight and obesity among growing childhood in China between 1997 and 2009： Impact of Family Income, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity Dynamics

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Chinese Medical Journal 2015年第14期128卷 1879-1886页

作者： Chang Su Bing Zhang You-Fa Wang Xiao-Fang Jia Hong Xue Hui-Jun Wang Department of Public health Nutrition and Nutrition Policy National Instiute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China System-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health Professions University at Buffalo State University of New York New York USA

Background： Obesity has become a major health problem among children and adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to examine the trends of overweight and obesity among childhood in China and assess their associations with family income, dietary intake, and physical activity （PA） between 1997 and 2009. Methods： Two waves of cross-sectional data of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-17 years from the China health and Nutrition Survey were used. Weight and height were measured following standardized procedures. Dietary intake was assessed by 3 consecutive 24-h recalls. Childhood overweight and obesity were defined using the International Obesity Task Force-recommended body mass index cut-offs. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations of family income with diet intakes and PA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations of overweight and obesity with family income, dietary intake, and PA. Results： The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 12.6% in 1997 to 22.1% in 2009, particularly in the medium- and high-family income groups, which increased by 102.7% and 90.3%, respectively. Higher fat intake （% energy）, and moderate and vigorous PA were significantly associated with overweight and obesity in final model （odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.00-1.02, P = 0.004; and OR = 0.99, 95% CI： 0.98-1.00, P = 0.036, respectively）. Conclusions： The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents has increased between 1997 and 2009. Reducing fat intake and increasing PA may help obesity prevention.

关键词： Adolescent Child Dietary Intake Income Obesity Overweight Physical Activity

基于社交媒体的公众和医务人员对护士处方权态度的文本挖掘研究

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 99-105页

作者：周琪徐祎清杨丽黎王大为 The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of school of Medicine Zhejiang UniversityYiwuZhejiangChina Cardiopulmonary Sciences School of Allied Health ProfessionsLoma Linda UniversityLoma LindaUSA

目的通过文本挖掘方法对社交媒体信息进行分析,揭示公众和医务人员对护士处方权的关注点和态度。方法使用Python工具自动挖掘2017年1月1日至2022年11月1日在4个中文互联网平台上发布的与关键词“护士开处方”“处方”相关的文本。这4个... 详细信息

目的通过文本挖掘方法对社交媒体信息进行分析,揭示公众和医务人员对护士处方权的关注点和态度。方法使用Python工具自动挖掘2017年1月1日至2022年11月1日在4个中文互联网平台上发布的与关键词“护士开处方”“处方”相关的文本。这4个互联网平台包括知乎、微博.爱爱医医学论坛、丁香园医学论:坛。通过Snow自然语言处理、贝叶斯隐含狄利克雷分布和Boson自然语言处理方法对数据进行人员类别分析、主题分析和情感分析。在主题和情感分析结果的基础上,使用Nvivo11进行内容分析。结果在4个互联网平台.上共获得2 823条评论,计92 859字。分析结果显示,公众和医务人员对护士开处方持否定态度的较多,少数持谨慎的积极态度。公众关注护士处方对医务人员的影响以及对护士能力的要求;医务人员关注护士处方在中国的现状和未来,以及实施护士处方的困难。结论护士应通过努力提高专业能力和自我管理能力,逐步获得公众和医生群体对其专业水平和能力的认可。护士管理者和教育者需要认识到护士处方权的优势,并通过推动立法、教育和提高对护士处方权的认识来应对实施过程中的挑战和问题。

关键词：自然语言处理非医疗处方护士专业自主性情感分析社交媒体

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Targeted National Recruitment of Community-Dwelling Caregivers Managing Dementia-Related Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms: A Recruitment Approach for a Randomized Clinical Trial

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2021年第3期13卷 302-317页

作者： Danny L. Scerpella Nicole G. Bouranis Melinda J. Webster Maria Dellapina Sokha Koeuth Lauren J. Parker Helen C. Kales Laura N. Gitlin school of Public health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA College of Nursing and health professions Drexel University Philadelphia USA Department of Psychiatry University of California-Davis Sacramento USA

Over 16 million caregivers of people living with dementia require support in a range of issues, including self-care, disease education, and guidance for how to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Non-pharmacological interventions are needed to address these areas, and online applications have been shown to be safe and effective. To ensure the efficacy of such interventions, racially, ethnically, geographically, and socioeconomically diverse participants must be recruited to increase the generalizability of study outcomes. This protocol paper describes a recruitment plan using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to reach a representative sample of caregivers across the United States for a national Phase III clinical study. Using publicly available census data from the American Community Survey (ACS), combined with location data for local aging resources such as Area Agencies on Aging (AAA), recruitment will be derived from data analysis conducted in ESRI ArcGIS v10.7.1. Datasets including age, gender, income, and education will be assessed nationally at the county and census tract spatial scale in a nine-step process to develop recruitment priority areas containing high concentrations of eligible participants living in the community. Overall, the current protocol will demonstrate the value of GIS in tailoring targeted outreach strategies to recruit community-dwelling populations through local resource institutions. This novel approach may have far-reaching implications in future recruitment initiatives and help to secure racially/ethnically diverse samples.

关键词： Geographic Information Systems Recruitment Clinical Trial GIS Dementia or Caregiving

Hepatic fibrosis in biliary-obstructed rats is prevented by Ginkgo biloba treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第35期11卷 5444-5449页

作者： Gksel pener Levent Kabasakal Meral Yüksel Nursal Gedik Ynci Alican Department of Pharmacology Marmara University school of Pharmacy Istanbul Turkey Marmara University Vocational school of health Related professions Istanbul Turkey Division of Biochemistry Kas(?)mpasa Military Hospital Istanbul Turkey Department of Physiology school of Medicine Marmara University Istanbul Turkey

AIM： To assess the antioxidant and antifibrotic effects of long-term Ginkgo biloba administration on liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction in rats. METHODS： Liver fibrosis was induced in male Wistar albino rats by bile duct ligation and scission （BDL）. Ginkgo biloba extract （EGb 761, 50 mg/*** d） or saline was administered for 28 d. At the end of the treatment period, all rats were killed. Serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） levels were determined to assess liver functions and tissue damage, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） was also assayed in serum samples. Liver tissues were taken for determination of the hepatic malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） levels, myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity and collagen content. Production of reactive oxidants was monitored by chemiluminescence （CL） assay. Serum AST, ALT, LDH, and TNF-α levels were elevated in the BDL group as compared to control group and were significantly decreased by EGb treatment. RESULTS： Hepatic GSH level, depressed by BDL, was elevated back to control level in EGb-treated BDL group. Increase in tissue MDA level, MPO activity and collagen content due to BDL were also attenuated by EGb treatment. Furthermore, luminol and lucigenin CL values in BDL group increased dramatically compared to control and reduced by EGb treatment. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that Ginkgo biloba protects the liver from oxidative damage following BDL in rats. This effect possibly involves the inhibition of neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation; thus, restoration of oxidant and antioxidant status in the tissue.

关键词： Ginkgo biloba, Bile duct ligation Hepatic fibrosis Oxidant

Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Risk Behavior, and Recent Substance Use in a Sample of Urban Drug Users: Findings by Race and Sex

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第3期2卷 183-193页

作者： Rebecca C. Trenz Lauren R. Pacek Michael Scherer Paul T. Harrell Julia Zur William W. Latimer Department of Clinical and health Psychology College of Public Health and Health Professions University of Florida Gainesville USA Department of Mental health Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Department of Psychology School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Mercy College Dobbs Ferry New York USA

The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of HIV, past six-month illicit drug use, and risk behaviors among a population of heavy drug users living in an urban setting. Although many studies investigate substance use, sex-risk behavior, and HIV by race and gender, no studies have examined these variables simultaneously. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by exploring HIV prevalence among a predominantly heterosexual sample of recent substance users by injection drug use (IDU) status, race, and sex. Baseline data from the Baltimore site of the NEURO-HIV epidemiologic study was used in this study. This study examines neuropsychological and social-behavioral risk factors of HIV, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C among both injection and non-injection drug users. Descriptive statistics and chi-square statistics were used in data analyses. Blood and urine samples were obtained to test for the presence of recent drug use, viral hepatitis, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Findings presented here have several important implications for HIV prevention and care among substance users. Intervention programs that incorporate substance use treatment in addition to HIV education, particularly with respect to substance use and sex risk behavior are imperative.

关键词： HIV Prevalence Injection Drug Use Non-Injection Drug Use Sex Risk Behavior

The Impact of Tournament Load on Neuromuscular Function, Perceived Wellness and Coach Ratings of Performance During Intensified Youth Netball Competition

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第1期5卷 16-24页

作者： Marcus Lee Jericho Wee Nick Dobbin Quintin Roman Gabriel Choong Sport Science National Youth Sports InstituteSingaporeSingapore Department of health professions Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Performance Pathway National Youth Sports InstituteSingaporeSingapore

Purpose This study examined the effects of tournament load on neuromuscular function,perceived wellness and coach rat-ings of performance across two 6-day netball *** Thirty-nine female youth netballers(age=14.6±0.5 years,stature=165.9±4.7 cm,body mass=56.5±7.2 kg)were categorised as HIGH(10-11 matches,n=20)or LOW(6 matches,n=19)tournament *** load,jump height,perceived wellness and coach ratings of performance were monitored *** HIGH tournament load resulted in greater reductions in jump height on match-day 4(-8.3%,±5.6%)when compared to *** tournament load resulted in greater reductions in perceived soreness(-0.9,±1.1 AU)and overall wellness(-2.6,±2.3 AU)on match-day 3,and a greater reduction in perceived sleep(-0.9,±1.1 AU)on match-day *** tournament load was negatively associated with sleep quality and coach ratings of performance(effect size correlation=-0.34 to-0.47)when compared to *** Our results indicate that a higher tournament load resulted in greater increases in neuromuscular fatigue,reduced perceived wellness,and lower ratings of *** should consider pre-tournament preparation and monitoring strategies to minimise the physiological disturbances during an intensified tournament.

关键词： Netball Monitoring Post-match fatigue Youth tournament Tournament structure