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Prolonged high-fat-diet feeding promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alters gut microbiota in mice

World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第8期11卷 619-637页

作者： Kandy T Velázquez Reilly T Enos Jackie E Bader Alexander T Sougiannis Meredith S Carson Ioulia Chatzistamou James A Carson Prakash S Nagarkatti Mitzi Nagarkatti E Angela Murphy Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29209 United States College of health professions University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis TN 38163 United States

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic largely due to the worldwide increase in obesity. While lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies have been used to alleviate NAFLD, successful treatment options are limited. One of the main barriers to finding safe and effective drugs for long-term use in NAFLD is the fast initiation and progression of disease in the available preclinical models. Therefore, we are in need of preclinical models that (1) mimic the human manifestation of NAFLD and (2) have a longer progression time to allow for the design of superior treatments. AIM To characterize a model of prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for investigation of the long-term progression of NAFLD. METHODS In this study, we utilized prolonged HFD feeding to examine NAFLD features in C57BL/6 male mice. We fed mice with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrate) for 80 wk to promote obesity (Old-HFD group, n = 18). A low-fat diet (LFD)(14% fat, 32% protein, and 54% carbohydrate) was administered for the same duration to age-matched mice (Old-LFD group, n = 15). An additional group of mice was maintained on the LFD (Young-LFD, n = 20) for a shorter duration (6 wk) to distinguish between age-dependent and age-independent effects. Liver, colon, adipose tissue, and feces were collected for histological and molecular *** Prolonged HFD feeding led to obesity and insulin resistance. Histological analysis in the liver of HFD mice demonstrated steatosis, cell injury, portal and lobular inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, molecular analysis for markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress established that the liver tissue of HFD mice have increased phosphorylated Jnk and CHOP. Lastly, we evaluated the gut microbial composition of Old-LFD and Old-HFD. We observed that prolonged HFD feeding in mice increased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum. At the genus level, we observed a significant increase in the abundance

关键词： High-fat diet Obesity Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Gut microbiome Endoplasmic reticulum stress Inflammation Fibrosis

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health Status Inequality among Immigrants in Switzerland

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第6期4卷 459-469页

作者： Thomas Volken Peter Rüesch school of health professions Zurich University of Applied Sciences Technikumstrasse Winterthur Switzerland

Objective: To assess self-rated health and impairments for six large immigrant groups (Germany, Italy, Kosovo, Portugal, Serbia, Turkey) in Switzerland. Methods: We used population-based survey data from the Swiss Migrant health Survey 2010 and the Swiss health Survey 2007. The sample comprised permanent residents aged 17 - 64 years (n = 14,637). Multivariate logistic regressions have been used to estimate odds ratios (OR). Results: Ill health and activities of daily living (ADL) impairments were associated with older age in all groups. However, nationals from Turkey and nationals from Kosovo were substantially more likely than Swiss to report ill health (OR = 1.05;CI = 1.02 - 1.09;P = 0.001 and OR = 1.05;CI = 1.01 - 1.10;P = 0.016) and ADL impairments (OR = 1.06;CI = 1.03 - 1.09;P = 0.000 and OR = 1.04;CI = 1.01 - 1.07;P = 0.004) with increasing age. Furthermore, Portuguese women were more likely (OR = 2.65;CI = 1.40 - 5.03;P = 0.003) to report ill health than Swiss women. Conclusions: Immigrant-specific preventive and health promotion initiatives should target vulnerable immigrants from Turkey, Portugal, and Kosovo. Furthermore, groups with few economic and psychosocial resources in the general population of Switzerland should be more involved in interventions to reduce health risk.

关键词： health Status Impairment Immigrant Switzerland

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Predictors of Retention and Passing the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第3期5卷 218-225页

作者： Nancy Elkins College of health professions School of Nursing Marshall University Huntington WV USA

Using Seidman’s retention formula as a theoretical foundation, this study investigated historical data from a Bachelor of Science (BSN) nursing program to determine whether the admission variables of the preprogram grade point averages (GPA), American College Testing (ACT) scores, anatomy and physiology course grades, and/or the health Education System Inc. (HESI) Exit Exam scores could predict completing the nursing program, as well as passing the NCLEX-RN. A significant relationship (p < 0.01) was identified between the preprogram GPA, ACT scores, anatomy grades, and the HESI Exit Exam scores with the completion of the BSN program and passing the NCLEX-RN.

关键词： Attrition HESI Exit Exam NCLEX-RN Exam Nursing Student Retention Seidman’s Retention Theory

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Peripheral Blood Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Hypertension Combined with Albuminuria in Chinese Coal Miners

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第7期34卷 567-571页

作者： ZHANG Wen Ping ZHANG Yi Fan ZHANG Ying Ying HAN Zhi Chao GAO Yuan Yuan GUO Jian Yong SHI Xiu Jing HU Xiao Qin MU Li Na ZHOU Yun LEI Li Jian Department of Toxicology Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina school of Public health and health professions State University of New York at buffaloBuffalo 14214NYUSA Department of Nephrology Shanxi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina

Hypertension is an increasingly prevalent chronic disease that affects approximately 1 billion people *** blood pressure inflicts longterm damage to various organs,including the *** aggravates the clinical course of chronic kidney disease,and promotes progression toward end-stage renal *** the cases of end-stage renal disease,30%are directly attributable to *** the molecular mechanism responsible for renal injury remains largely unknown,elucidating this mechanism is critical to preventing these deleterious complications.

关键词： Blood organs kidney

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Interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in mountainous and hilly regions with an integrated strategy:a longitudinal case study in Sichuan,China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 695-703页

作者： Yang Liu Bo Zhong Zi-Song Wu Song Liang Dong-Chuan Qiu Xiao Ma Department of health Education West China School of Public HealthSichuan UniversityNo.16 Renmin South RoadChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention No.6 Zhongxue RoadChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Environmental&Global health College of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Background:Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in *** 2004,an integrated strategy was developed to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in ***,the long-term effectiveness of this integrated strategy for the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission remains unknown in the mountainous and hilly regions of China until *** longitudinal study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy on transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Sichuan Province from 2005 through ***:The data regarding replacement of bovines with machines,improved sanitation,access to clean water,construction of public toilets and household latrines,snail control,chemotherapy,and health education were captured from the annual report of the schistosomiasis control programmes in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2014,and *** infection in humans,bovines and snails were estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated ***:During the 10-year period from 2005 through 2014,a total of 536568 machines were used to replace bovines,and 3284333 household lavatories and 15523 public latrines were *** water was supplied to 19116344 residents living in the endemic villages.A total of 230098 hm2 snail habitats were given molluscicide treatment,and 357233 hm2 snail habitats received environmental *** were 7268138 humans and 840845 bovines given praziquantel *** the 10-year study period,information,education and communication(IEC)materials were provided to village officers,teachers and *** 10-year implementation of the integrated strategy resulted in a great reduction in *** infection in humans,bovines and *** 2007,no acute infection was detected,and no schistosomiasis cases or infected bovines were identified since *** addition,the snail habitats reduced by 62.39%in 2014 as compared to that in 2005,and no *** infection was ide

关键词： Schistosomiasis japonica Transmission interruption Integrated strategy Longitudinal effectiveness Source of infection Sichuan Province Mountainous and hilly region

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Inflammation,physical activity,and chronic disease:An evolutionary perspective

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Sports Medicine and health Science 2020年第1期2卷 1-6页

作者： Roberto Carlos Burini Elizabeth Anderson J.Larry Durstine James A.Carson Botucatu Medical school Sao Paulo State University-UNESPBotucatuSPBrazil Arnold school of Public health Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA College of health professions Division of Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Low-grade inflammation is emerging as a common feature of contemporary metabolic,psychiatric,and neurodegenerative *** physical inactivity and abdominal adiposity are associated with persistent systemic low-grade ***,the behavioral,biological,and physiological changes that cause a predisposition to obesity and other co-morbidities could have epigenetic underpinnings in addition to various evolutionary scenarios.A key assumption involves the potential for a mismatch between the human genome molded over generations,and the issue of adapting to the modern high calorie diet and common built environments promoting *** biological mismatch appears to have dire health ***,the goal of this article is to provide a brief overview on the importance of inflammation as part of human survival and how physical activity(PA)and physical inactivity are critical regulators of systemic *** review will highlight antiinflammatory effects of PA and exercise training from a metabolic and systemic signaling perspective,which includes skeletal muscle to utilization of fatty acids,TLR4 signaling,and myokine/adipokine *** available evidence suggests that PA,regular exercise,and weight loss offer both protection against and treatment for a wide variety of chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation through an improved inflammatory profile.

关键词： Inflammation Immunity Myokines Cytokines Physical inactivity Physical activity Exercise Obesity

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Electromyographic and Mechanomyographic Responses During Isokinetic Leg Extensions in Children Versus Adolescents

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 226-235页

作者： Zachary M.Gillen Marni E.Shoemaker Joel T.Cramer Department of Kinesiology Mississippi State University236 McCarthy GymnasiumStarkvilleMS 39762USA school of health and Consumer Sciences South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSDUSA College of health professions and Sciences University of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine peak torque(PT),mean power(MP),electromyographic(EMG)amplitude,mechanomyographic(MMG)amplitude,and neuromuscular efficiency from EMG and MMG amplitude(NME_(EMG)and NME_(MMG),respectively)across the velocity spectrum in children versus *** Seventeen children(n=8 males,n=9 females)and 22 adolescents(n=11 males,n=11 females)*** completed maximal concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 60,120,180,240 and 300°/***,MP,EMG amplitude,and MMG amplitude were quantified during all muscle ***_(EMG)and NME_(MMG)were quantified by expressing PT relative to EMG and MMG amplitude,respectively,for each muscle *** PT,MP,NME_(EMG),and NME_(MMG)were greater for the adolescents than the children collapsed across sex and veloc-ity(P≤0.021).There were no significant differences for EMG amplitude(P≥0.051),while MMG amplitude increased significantly from 60 to 240°/s(P<0.001)then decreased significantly from 240 to 300°/s(P<0.001)for all *** Overall,regardless of velocity,the expression of PT relative to EMG and MMG amplitude(NME_(EMG)and NME_(MMG),respectively),in conjunction with measurements of torque and power production,may provide practitioners a unique method of examining growth and development-related augmentations in neuromuscular function during dynamic movements.

关键词： Electromyography Mechanomyography Neuromuscular efficiency Growth and development

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Cross Cultural Exploration of the Perceived health Competence Scale

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第7期5卷 632-641页

作者： Mary J. Polchert school of Nursing and health professions Marian University Fond du Lac WI USA

The eight-item Perceived health Competence Scale (PHCS) is a measure of self-efficacy in general health management that is used to predict health outcomes and behaviors. The PHCS has been shown to be a reliable and valid instrument but has been used in primarily white European Americans. The PHCS is positively correlated to health status and coping abilities. Younger, healthier populations score higher on the PHCS compared to elderly who are managing chronic illness. This study examined the PHCS in three Midwestern samples: African American elders which revealed two separate factors in PHCS;Native Americans who evaluated the PHCS as a single construct;and a Spanish speaking sample. In the latter sample, findings suggest health competence may be a multi-dimensional construct. Further evaluation of the Spanish version of the PHCS and population characteristics are needed to measure health competence beliefs.

关键词： health Promotion Self-Efficacy health Management Latino/Hispanic Populations Native Americans African American Elders health Competence Access to health Services Instrument Development Pilot Study Translation of Instruments

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Clinician’s perspectives in using head impulse-nystagmus- test of skew (HINTS) for acute vestibular syndrome: UK experience

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第2期7卷 172-175页

作者： Charlotte L Warner Lisa Bunn Nehzat Koohi Gunnar Schmidtmann Jennifer Freeman Diego Kaski school of health professions University of PlymouthPlymouthUK Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences University College LondonLondonUK The Ear Institute University College LondonLondonUK Neuro-otology Department University College London HospitalsLondonUK

Background Acute vestibular syndrome(AVS)features continuous dizziness and may result from a benign inner ear disorder or *** head impulse-nystagmus-test of skew(HINTS)bedside assessment is more sensitive than brain MRI in identifying stroke as the cause of AVS within the first 24 ***’perspectives of the test in UK secondary care remains ***,we explore front-line clinicians’perspectives of use of the HINTS for the diagnosis of *** Clinicians from two large UK hospitals who assess AVS patients completed a short online survey,newly designed with closed and open *** Almost half of 73 total responders reported limited(n=33),or no experience(n=19),reflected in low rates of use of HINTS(n=31).While recognising the potential utility of HINTS,many reported concerns about subjectivity,need for specialist skills and poor patient *** clinicians reported high levels of confidence in performing HINTS,with 98%identifying training needs.A lack of formalised training was associated with onward specialist referrals and neuroimaging(p=0.044).Conclusions Although the low sample size in this study limits the generalisability of findings to wider sites,our preliminary data identified barriers to the application of the HINTS in AVS patients and training needs to improve rapid,cost-effective and accurate clinical diagnosis of stroke presenting with vertigo.

关键词： AVS diagnosis formal

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No evidence demonstrating hepatotoxicity associated with hydroxycitric acid

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第32期15卷 4087-4089页

作者： Sidney J Stohs Harry G Preuss Sunny E Ohia Gilbert R Kaats Carl L Keen Lonnie D Williams George A Burdock school of Pharmacy and health professions Creighton University Medical Center4967 Stillwater TrailFriscoTX 75034United States

Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effi cacy of HCA. No HCA-associated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).

关键词： Hydroxycitric acid Super CitriMax Hydroxycitric acid-SX Garcinia cambogia Hydroxycut Liver failure Hepatotoxicity Safety and efficacy

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