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Impact of land cover change on land surface temperature: A case study of Spiti Valley

Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第8期15卷 1658-1670页

作者： KUMAR Pankaj HUSAIN Arif SINGH Ram Babu KUMAR Manish Department of geography Delhi School of Economics University of Delhi Department of geography Kalindi College University of Delhi

Land surface temperature(LST) is the skin temperature of the earth surface. LST depends on the amount of sunlight received by any geographical area. Apart from sun light, LST is also affected by the land cover, which leads to change in land surface temperature. Impact of land cover change(LCC) on LST has been assessed using Landsat TM5, Landsat 8 TIRS/OLI and Digital Elevation Model(ASTER) for Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. In the present study, Spiti valley was divided into three altitudinal zones to check the pattern of changing land cover along different altitudes and LST was calculated for all the four land cover categories extracted from remote sensing data for the years of 1990 and 2015. Matrix table was used as a technique to evaluate the land cover change between two different years. Matrix table shows that as a whole, about 2,151,647 ha(30%) area of Spiti valley experienced change in land cover in the last 25 years. The result also shows vegetation and water bodies increased by 107,560.2 ha(605.87%) and 45 ha(0.98%), respectively. Snow cover and barren land decreased by 19,016.5 ha(23.92%) and 88,589(14.14%), during the study period. A significant increase has been noticed in vegetation amongst all land cover types. Minimum, maximum and mean LST for three altitudinal zones have been calculated. The mean LST recorded was 11℃ in 1990 but it rose by 2℃ and reached to 13℃ in 2015. Changes in LST were obtained for each land cover categories. The mean temperature of different land cover types was calculated by averaging value of all pixels of a given land cover types. The mean LST of vegetation, barren land, snow cover and water body increased by 6℃, 9℃, 1℃, and 7℃, respectively. Further, relationships between LST, Normalized Difference Snow Index(NDSI), and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) were established using Linear Regression.

关键词： Land surface temperature Land cover change Normalised difference snow index Normalised Difference Vegetation Index DEM Remote Sensing GIS Linear Regression

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Differentiations of geographic distribution and subsistence strategies between Tibetan and other major ethnic groups are determined by the physical environment in Hehuang Valley

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第2期62卷 412-422页

作者： Xin JIA Harry F.LEE Mengchun CUI Guoquan CHENG Yang ZHAO Hong DING Ricci P.H.YUE Huayu LU school of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Needham Research Institute Department of geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong school of Marxism Taiyuan University of Technology Department of geography and International Center for China development Studies The University of Hong Kong

The people of the Tibetan Plateau have received extensive attention from scholars because of their unique adaptability to the low temperature and anoxic environments. However, the Tibetan communities and their habitats in the low-altitude regions of the plateau have rarely been studied in a scientific manner. Based on the extraction of geographic information of 197 towns in the Hehuang Valley and on variance analysis, this study examines the habitats and subsistence strategies of the Tibetans and other major ethnic groups in the low-latitude region of the Tibetan Plateau. Our statistical results show that the annual average temperature of Tibetan habitats in the Hehuang Valley is relatively high. The relatively warm environment of the valley allows the Tibetans in that area to cultivate wheat and barley and raise cattle and sheep—a subsistence strategy significantly different from that of other Tibetans in the high-altitude regions in the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, the Tibetan communities in the Hehuang Valley include similar agri-pastoral ethnic groups (including Hui and Salar), both of which adopt similar subsistence strategies. The agricultural ethnic groups (Han and Tu) live in a relatively cool and humid environment facilitating agricultural production, while the agri-pastoral ethnic groups (Tibetan, Hui, and Salar) inhabit relatively warm and arid environment in the valley. Due to the lack of agricultural activities, agri-pastoral groups must also engage in animal husbandry to supplement their diet. In the Ando Tibetan region, the subsistence strategies of the ethnic groups are closely related to their physical *** ethnic groups communicate among themselves, integrate, and influence each other, resulting in a diversified culture. This study proves that the habitat variation at a regional scale corresponds significantly to the variation of subsistence strategies. Our findings may further refine knowledge about the human-environmental relationsh

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Ethnic group Ethnic geography Hehuang Valley Ando Tibetan region

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Identifying the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complex precatalysts during electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 226-233页

作者： Jingfang Zhang Danyang Wu Linke Cai Youluan Lu Fanpeng Cheng Lijuan Shi Qun Yi Yao Liu Yi Huang Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Central China Normal University College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University

Transition metal-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction（OER）. Considerable research efforts have shown that self-reconstruction occurs on these nanomaterials under operating conditions of OER process. However, most of them undergo incomplete reconstruction with limited thickness of reconstruction layer, leading to low component utilization and arduous exploration of real catalytic mechanism. Herein, we identify the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complexes during OER. The hollow phytic acid（PA） cross-linked CoFe-based complex nanoboxes with porous nanowalls are designed because of their good electrolyte penetration and mass transport ability, in favor of the fast and complete reconstruction. A series of experiment characterizations demonstrate that the reconstruction process includes the fast substitution of PA by OH-to form Co（Fe）(OH)xand subsequent potential-driven oxidation to Co（Fe）OOH. The obtained CoFeOOH delivers a low overpotential of 290 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2and a long-term *** experiment results together with theory calculations reveal that the Fe incorporation can result in the electron rearrangement of reconstructed CoFeOOH and optimization of their electronic structure,accounting for the enhanced OER activity. The work provides new insights into complete reconstruction of metal-based complexes during OER and offers guidelines for rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.

关键词： Complete reconstruction Co-based complex Precatalysts Oxygen evolution reaction

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An Empirical Study on Chinese City Network Pattern Based on Producer Services

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Chinese Geographical Science 2013年第3期23卷 274-285页

作者： ZHEN Feng WANG Xia YIN Jun ZHANG Min school of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing University Center of Human geography Research Nanjing University school of geography and Ocean Sciences Nanjing University

Globalization and informatization have accelerated city networking process over the world, which makes research on city network a hot topic in the fields of urban geography and economic geography. With Chinese economic structure adjustment and city economic growth, producer services have begun to play an increasingly important role in city-region networking. This paper employs the methodology of world city network to analyze and explain the spatial development characteristics of China's urban network system based on the data of nationwide producer services enterprise network. The research result indicated that the distribution of producer services network has a positive effect on the development of Chinese city networks. City network connectivity is closely related to the significance of city in producer services development, and the former will gradually decline with the drop of the latter. Accordingly, the 64 cities can be divided into the national central cities, regional central cities, sub-regional central cities and local central cities in accordance with their position and role in the nationwide producer services network. It is concluded that high-grade cities with quality producer services dominate the pattern of Chinese city networks and there emerges three spatial agglomerations of producer services enterprises in Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Economical Region. Moreover, the distribution of different producer services industry varies from city to city, which also affects the characteristics of network development.

关键词： world city network producer services urban hierarchy network connectivity Chinese city network

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Design of ionic liquids as liquid desiccant for an air conditioning system

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Green Energy & Environment 2019年第2期4卷 139-145页

作者： Haruki Watanabe Takuro Komura Ryo Matsumoto Kenta Ito Hiroshi Nakayama Toshiki Nokami Toshiyuki Itoh Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University Chubu Electric Power Company Inc. Research and Development Division Energy Application Research and Development Center Center for Research on Green sustainable Chemistry Tottori University

Suitable control of the humidity can contribute to electric energy savings. However, the present dehumidification system has many weak points. The liquid desiccant air-conditioning system has recently gained growing interest from the stand point of reducing energy consumption during dehumidification. In order to find the appropriate ionic liquids(ILs) as a desiccant for the liquid desiccant air-conditioner system, we conducted a systematic evaluation of the humidification capability of 16 types of ILs. Among the tested ILs, tributyl(methyl)phosphonium dimethyl phosphate([P4441][DMPO_4]) exhibited the best dehumidification capacity and had a less corrosive effect on four types of metals as possible piping materials. It should be noted that this [P_(4441)][DMPO_4] has a very stable nature and produced no odor while conducting the experiment and storing for over 1 year at room temperature under ambient conditions. Furthermore, it was revealed that a 77%(w/w) aqueous solution of [P4441][DMPO_4] worked as an efficient desiccant liquid for the liquid desiccant air-conditioner system.

关键词： Dehumidification Liquid desiccant Ionic liquids Air-conditioner system Phosphonium ILs

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An assessment of the climatic suitability of Afriski Mountain Resort for outdoor tourism using the Tourism Climate Index(TCI)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第11期16卷 2453-2469页

作者： Kirsten NOOME Jennifer M.FITCHETT school of geography Archaeology and Environmental Studies University of the Witwatersrand

Tourism Climatic Indices(TCIs)are widely used in the global North to quantify the climatic suitability of a destination for *** one such study has been conducted in southern Africa to *** is in a chronic shortage of research on tourism and climate change in the southern *** study presents the application of the TCI in Lesotho,calculated for the eastern Lesotho *** region has an emerging tourism sector,which primarily comprises outdoor *** include hiking,horse-riding,music festivals,mountain biking,cultural visits,sightseeing,and at the Afriski lodge,skiing and *** activities are reliant on climatic conditions that are conducive to the activity taking place,prolonged periods outdoors,and tourist satisfaction of the *** is a major determinant of both the length of season for these activities and the timing of peak tourist *** temperatures and changes in relative humidity and precipitation pose real threats to hiking,sightseeing and snow tourism at *** reliance of tourism in the region on specific climatic conditions for successful tourism prompted the use of the *** results classify the eastern Lesotho Highlands as having‘good'climatic conditions with an overall TCI score of 64 for the period *** TCI scores for the eastern Lesotho reveal a bimodal-shoulder,meaning the peak climatic conditions are in the regional summer months(December to February).This conflicts with the peak tourist seasons of summer and winter,which align with South African school holidays,and the timing of the most profitable tourism activity(skiing)which occurs during the winter months of June,July and *** is landlocked by South *** analysis for South Africa reveals more suitable climatic conditions for tourism than Lesotho,with significantly higher scores of 80-89.

关键词： Climate Tourism Climatic Index(TCI) Lesotho Highlands Outdoor tourism Snow tourism

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Coordination Mechanism and Empirical Research on Marine Science Technology Innovation and Marine Eco-civilization:A Case Study of Coastal Areas of China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第3期34卷 468-486页

作者： CHEN Xiaolong LIANG Chenlu DI Qianbin school of Geographical Science Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China Institute of Marine sustainable development Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China

Marine science technology innovation provides power and guarantees for marine eco-civilization construction,which provides direction and material support for marine science technology ***,the coordinated development of the two is of great significance to the marine economy sustainable development in China’s coastal *** the basis of clarifying the connotations of marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization in China’s coastal areas from 2006 to 2019,the mechanism for their coordinated development was analysed.A comprehensive indicator system based on the connotation of the two was constructed,and the coordinated development relationship was empirically tested using the coupled coordination model and the panel vector autoregressive(PVAR)*** results show that:1)the level of China’s coastal marine science technology innovation continues to improve,gradually forming the core of the development of marine science technology innovation in the north,east and south of Shandong,Shanghai and Guangdong;the level of marine eco-civilization development fluctuating upward trend,showing obvious spatial differentiation characteristics.2)The degree of coordination of marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization is growing over *** is no causal relationship between marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization in the northern marine economic circle,but there is a two-way causal relationship between the two in the eastern and southern marine economic circles.3)Marine eco-civilization shows a significant positive and continuous impact on marine science technology innovation,and marine science technology innovation shows a long-term,continuous,fluctuating,and lagging impact on marine *** overall role of marine eco-civilization on marine science technology innovation is dominant,and there are significant differences in the impact effects of the two major marine economic circles.

关键词： marine science technology innovation marine eco-civilization coordinated development coastal areas of China

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Soil micro-penetration resistance as an index of its infiltration processes during rainfall

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第5期14卷 1580-1587页

作者： Chao-Sheng Tang Xue-Peng Gong Zhengtao Shen Qing Cheng Hilary Inyang Chao Lv Bin Shi school of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China Global Institute for sustainable development CharlotteNCUSA

Rainfall infiltration is one of the most important driving factors of geological hazards, ecological environment problems, and engineering accidents. Understanding the principle of soil wetting during rainfall infiltration and its influence on soil mechanical properties is crucial for preventing geological hazards. In this study, micro-penetration tests coupled with moisture monitoring were performed to investigate the infiltration process during wetting through the measured change in mechanical characteristics. Results show that penetration resistance increases in the deep layer gradually. With increasing infiltration time,the wetting front keeps moving downward, and its range becomes wider. A slight increase of the penetration resistance in the shallow layer(d ≤ 17.5 mm) is observed. However, the penetration resistance in the middle layer(22.5 mm ≤ d ≤ 32.5 mm) decreases firstly before a slight increase. In the deep layer(d ≥ 37.5 mm), the penetration resistance decreases continuously during infiltration. Based on the measured water content profile during infiltration, it is found that the evolution of soil mechanical characteristics is fully responsible by the infiltration-induced re-distribution of water content along depth. Generally, the penetration resistance decreases exponentially with increasing water content in the soil. When the water content is low, wetting can weaken soil strength significantly, whereas this effect diminishes when the moisture surpasses a certain threshold. The results highlight that the penetration curves and water content profile show close inter-dependency and consistency, which verifies the feasibility of using micro-penetration to investigate rainfall infiltration and wetting process in surface soil layer or laboratory small-scale soil samples. This method enables fast, versatile and high-resolution measurements of infiltration process and moisture distribution in soil.

关键词： Micro-penetration test Soil wetting Rainfall infiltration Water content Hydro-mechanical behavior Microstructure

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Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Community-based Natural Resource Management in Northeast India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第3期4卷 248-258页

作者： S.C. Rai Department of geography Delhi School of EconomicUniversity of Delhi

Community-based natural resource management in northeast India has a long history. Indigenous knowledge and adaptation are the collective information, with improvement from generation to generation. The expectation is that under community control, local expertise on biodiversity will play a significant role in natural resource management through traditional practices. This paper discusses the characteristics and application of the traditional ecological knowledge of aboriginal peoples in northeast India and its role in natural resource management. Examples are provided in two different eco-cultural landscapes, i.e., Demazong (the Buddhist eco-cultural landscape in Sikkim Himalaya) and the Apatani eco-cultural landscape in Arunachal Pradesh, which illustrate the utility value of traditional ecological knowledge in sustainable natural resource management. Both eco-cultural landscapes are indeed very complex and highly evolved systems with high levels of economic and ecological efficiencies. The paper concludes that traditional ecological knowledge systems and institutions could serve as entry points into the sustainable utilization and management of natural resources. This could be achieved through the exploration of the cultural practices of the local people and integrating useful aspects into the modern natural resource management expertise. With rapidly depleting biodiversity in the developing tropic regions, there is a greater utilization today than ever before of the value of respecting the "Sacred" as a tool towards better conservation of natural resources.

关键词： Traditional ecological knowledge resource management cultural landscape sustainable development northeast India

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Unravelling the drivers of technological innovations in the Czech Republic: Do international technological linkages matter?

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2023年第1期7卷 32-46页

作者： Samuel Amponsah Odei Michael Karikari Appiah Department of Economics Faculty of Informatics and ManagementUniversity of Hradec KraloveHradec Kralove50003Czech Republic school of sustainable development University of Environment and Sustainable DevelopmentSomanya00233Ghana

This study aims to investigate the main factors driving technological innovation within firms in the manufacturing and service sectors of the Czech *** apply a binary logistic regression model to cross-sectional data from 502 firms,obtained from the World Bank Enterprise *** results of our empirical investigation show that certain elements of the business environment,such as the tax rate,serve as significant obstacles to firms’product *** results also confirm that international technological linkagesdmeasured by international quality certificates and foreign technology licensesdaffect technological ***,we found that internal R&D activities positively impact technological innovation across all sectors;contrarily,we found that process innovation in the manufacturing sector is positively influenced by foreign technology licenses and business association *** innovations in the service sector are positively correlated with external R&D and financing from banking ***,business association membership does not positively influence technological innovation in the service *** findings have salient implications for firm managers,policymakers,and scholars aiming to explore and improve innovation outcomes in transitional economies.

关键词： Technological innovations Government subsidies Foreign technology license External knowledge Intellectual property rights International quality certificate Czech Republic

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