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Planning for Community Relocations Due to Climate Change in Fiji

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第3期6卷 315-319页

作者： Karen E.Mc Namara Helene Jacot Des Combes school of geography Planning and Environmental ManagementThe University of Queensland Pacific Centre for Environment and sustainable development University of the South Pacific

As a consequence of the impacts of climate change, some households and entire communities across the Pacific are making the complex and challenging decision to leave their homelands and relocate to new environments that can sustain their livelihoods. This short article charts how the residents of Vunidogoloa village in Fiji relocated in early 2014 to reduce their vulnerability to encroaching sea level and inundation events that regularly devastated the community. As a consequence of the Vunidogoloa relocation, this article also explores how the Fiji Government is planning for similar resettlement transitions, including vulnerability and adaptation assessments to develop a list of potential community relocations and the development of national relocation guidelines. This study draws from key informant interviews(n = 8) with government officials, as well as representatives from intergovernmental and local nongovernmental organizations,who are involved in the relocation issue. Given the speed at which these national, top-down initiatives are being forged and especially in light of the absence of any mention of relocation in Fiji’s 2012 climate change policy, careful and inclusive engagement across all scales and stakeholders,including communities 'earmarked' for relocation, is paramount.

关键词： Climate change Community relocation Fiji Risk planning Sea level rise

SensFL:Privacy-Preserving Vertical Federated Learning with Sensitive Regularization

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 385-404页

作者： Chongzhen Zhang Zhichen Liu Xiangrui Xu Fuqiang Hu Jiao Dai Baigen Cai Wei Wang school of Automation and Intelligence Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China Shuohuang Railway development Co. Ltd.National Energy GroupCangzhou062350China Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation School of Computer Science and TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China

In the realm of Intelligent Railway Transportation Systems,effective multi-party collaboration is crucial due to concerns over privacy and data *** Federated Learning(VFL)has emerged as a promising approach to facilitate such collaboration,allowing diverse entities to collectively enhance machine learning models without the need to share sensitive training ***,existing works have highlighted VFL’s susceptibility to privacy inference attacks,where an honest but curious server could potentially reconstruct a client’s raw data from embeddings uploaded by the *** vulnerability poses a significant threat to VFL-based intelligent railway transportation *** this paper,we introduce SensFL,a novel privacy-enhancing method to against privacy inference attacks in ***,SensFL integrates regularization of the sensitivity of embeddings to the original data into the model training process,effectively limiting the information contained in shared *** reducing the sensitivity of embeddings to the original data,SensFL can effectively resist reverse privacy attacks and prevent the reconstruction of the original data from the *** experiments were conducted on four distinct datasets and three different models to demonstrate the efficacy of *** results show that SensFL can effectively mitigate privacy inference attacks while maintaining the accuracy of the primary learning *** results underscore SensFL’s potential to advance privacy protection technologies within VFL-based intelligent railway systems,addressing critical security concerns in collaborative learning environments.

关键词： Vertical federated learning privacy defenses

Electrocatalytic cleavage of a lignin β-O-4 model compound and coupling with nitrogen-containing aromatics using Prussian blue analogue-derived nickel–cobalt spinel

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 628-636页

作者： Yi Qi Xueying Chen Bowen Liu Xuliang Lin Xueqing Qiu Yanlin Qin Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green development Guangdong University of Technology

Electrochemical conversion of lignin for the production of high-value heterocyclic aromatic compounds has great *** demonstrate the targeted synthesis and cation modulation of NiCo2O4spinel nanoboxes,synthesized via cation exchange and calcination *** catalysts exhibit excellent efficacy in the electrocatalytic conversion of lignin model compounds,specifically 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol,into nitrogen-containing aromatics,achieving high conversion rates and *** catalysts were synthesized via a cation exchange and calcination oxidation process,using Prussian blue nanocubes as *** porous architecture and polymetallic composition of the NiCo2O4spinel demonstrated superior performance in electrocatalytic oxidative coupling,achieving a 99.2 wt%conversion rate of the 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol with selectivities of 37.5 wt%for quinoline derivatives and 31.5 wt%for *** innovations include the development of a sustainable one-pot synthesis method for quinoline derivatives,the elucidation of a multistage reaction pathway involving CAO bond cleavage,hydroxyaldol condensation,and CAN bond formation,and a deeper mechanistic understanding derived from DFT *** work establishes a new strategy for lignin valorization,offering a sustainable route to produce high-value nitrogen-containing aromatics from renewable biomass under mild conditions,without the need for additional reagents.

关键词： Spinel Biomass valorization Electrocatalysis Lignin oxidation Coupling

Risk assessment of mountain tourism on the Western Sichuan Plateau,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第11期20卷 3360-3375页

作者： ZHANG Yu-Qing WANG Yue-Lin LI Hong LI Xue-Ming school of geography Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China Centre for Marine Economy and sustainable development Research Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China

As an important site for tourism activities,mountainous areas may generate greater tourism risks than plain areas due to potential natural disasters,social issues,scenic area management,and tourist *** Sichuan Plateau is mostly mountainous area and tourism is its pillar industry,Therefore,the assessment of the tourism risks on the Western Sichuan Plateau is of academic value and practical *** this study,we use statistical and remote sensing data,fishbone diagram,and the entropy weighting method to construct a tourism risk evaluation model and classify risks into different levels,and we also use a geographic information system(GIS)for spatial mapping to quantify and spatialize the *** objectives are 1)to identify the risk sources in the Western Sichuan Plateau and analyze their causal mechanisms,precisely reveal the distribution of tourism risks in the study area;2)improve the precision of tourism risk evaluation in scenic areas and analyze the causes and spatial distribution patterns of tourism risks and propose targeted management *** study found that the evaluation results of the four elements of hazard,exposure,vulnerability,and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity on the Western Sichuan Plateau showed significant spatial variability,depending on the natural conditions and the quantity difference of tourism resources in different *** addition,the tourism risk is low in most areas of the Western Sichuan Plateau,and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity is higher in areas with high tourism risk where attractions are densely populated and tourism is *** study can provide a reference for future analyses of tourism risks in mountainous tourist areas such as in China and worldwide.

关键词： Tourism risks Risk assessment Risk sources Fishbone diagram Western Sichuan Plateau

Recent advances in exploring new blood-based biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 35-45页

作者： Xinyu Peng Qian Ma Da Han school of Life Science Shanghai University Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Research and development Intellinosis Biotechnologies Co.Ltd.

Gastric cancer(GC) is a prevalent and lethal malignancy worldwide, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. The absence of distinctive symptoms often leads to late-stage diagnosis, contributing to a grim prognosis. Early detection is pivotal for improving the survival rates and outcomes of GC patients. Traditional diagnostic methods, including gastroscopy and histopathological examination, are restricted in the early diagnosis of GC. Conventional protein biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9), and carbohydrate antigen 72-4(CA72-4), exhibit insufficient sensitivity and specificity for GC screening, which diminishes their clinical value. Recently, novel circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells(CTCs), circulating tumor cell DNA(ct DNA), and circulating free RNA(cf RNA), have emerged as promising candidates in the burgeoning field of liquid biopsy due to their superior sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on the latest research on blood-based biomarkers for GC diagnosis and examines the clinical potentials and challenges associated with these emerging biomarkers.

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Sulfur cycle in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期20卷 470-475页

作者： LIU Jingshuang LI Xinhua Northeast Institute of geography and Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130012 China Shandong Institute of Agriculture sustainable development Jinan 250100 China

The sulfur cycle and its compartmental distribution within an atmosphere-plant-soil system was studied using a compartment model in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain Northeast China. The results showed that in the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem, soil was the main storage compartment and current hinge of sulfur in which 98.4% sulfur was accumulated, while only 1.6% sulfur was accumulated in the plant compartment. In the plant subsystem, roots and litters were the main storage compartment of sulfur and they remained 83.5% of the total plant sulfur. The calculations of sulfur turnover through the compartments of the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem demonstrated that the above-ground component took up 0.99 gS/m^2 from the root, of which 0.16 gS/m^2 was translocated to the roots and 0.83 gS/m^2 to the litter. The roots took in 1.05 gS/m^2 from the soil, subsequent translocation back to the soil accounted for 1.31 gS/m^2, while there was 1.84 gS/m^2 in the litter and the net transfer of sulfur to the soil was more than 0.44 gS/（m^2·a）. The emission of H2S from the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem to the atmosphere was 1.83 mgS/（m^2·a）, while carbonyl sulfide （COS） was absorbed by the typical meadow C. angustifolia wetland ecosystem from the atmosphere at the rate of 1.76 mgS/（m^2·a）. The input of sulfur by the rainfall to the ecosystem was 4.85 mgS/m^2 during the growing season. The difference between input and output was 4.78 mgS/m^2, which indicated that sulfur was accumulated in the ecosystem and may cause wetland acidify in the future.

关键词： the Sanjiang Plain typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland ecosystem sulfur cycle

Geospatial characteristics of fire occurrences in southern hemispheric Africa and Madagascar during 2001-2020

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 553-563页

作者： Chuyan Wan Shouraseni Sen Roy Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Department of geography and sustainable development University of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA

For this study of long-term spatial patterns and trends of active fires in southern hemispheric Africa and on Madagascar from 2001 to 2020,active fire data from the MODIS FIRMS global fire data products were *** annual center of fire concentration tended to migrate toward the preserved rainforests and nature conservation areas in the Congo Basin and the mountain forests on the northeastern coast of *** frequency varied seasonally at both study *** used geo statistical analysis techniques,such as measures of dispersion and emerging hot spot analysis,to reveal long-term trends in spatial patterns of fire *** southern hemispheric Africa,the observed active fires tended to drift northward toward the Zambia-DRC border in the Congo *** northward migration progressed toward humid rainforests,which were better suited to sustaining repeated fire *** Madagascar,the observed active fires tended to migrate toward the east coast in protected mountain *** spatial patterns of long-term trends showed a concentration of fires in the tropical regions of southern hemispheric ***,smaller clusters of new hot spots were located over eastern South Africa,overlapping with undifferentiated *** Madagascar,both hot and cold spots were identified and were separated by the highland region in the center of the *** of the eastern island was characterized by cold spots that received less precipitation than did the rest of the *** presence of increasing hots spots in the densely vegetated areas highlights the urgent need for fire prevention and management in this region.

关键词： Emerging hot spots analysis FIRMS Forest fi res Madagascar MODIS Southern hemispheric Africa Wildfi res

Natural and human-induced decline and spatio-temporal differentiation of terrestrial water storage over the Lancang-Mekong River Basin

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第1期 112-138页

作者： CHEN Junxu WANG Yuan ZHAO Zhifang FAN Yunjiang LUO Xiaochuan YI Lu FENG Siqi YANG Liang Emlyn Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green development Yunnan University International Joint Research Center for Karstology Yunnan University school of Engineering Westlake University Department of geography Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU)

Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB), the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified. This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA) and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020. Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities, the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC) were separated. Results showed that:(1) LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2) TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB. TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China. It negatively changed in Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia.(3) TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture, groundwater and precipitation.(4) Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5) Climate variability contributed 79% of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21% with an increasing impact after 2008. The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.

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Potentially dangerous glacial lakes across the Tibetan Plateau revealed using a large-scale automated assessment approach

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Science Bulletin 2019年第7期64卷 435-445页

作者： Simon Keith Allen Guoqing Zhang Weicai Wang TANDong Yao Tobias Bolch Department of geography University of Zurich Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences school of geography and sustainable development University of St Andrews

Glacial lake outburst floods(GLOFs) are a major concern in the Himalaya and on the Tibetan Plateau(TP),where several disasters occurring over the past century have caused significant loss of life and damage to infrastructure. This study responds directly to the needs of local authorities to provide guidance on the most dangerous glacial lakes across TP where local monitoring and other risk reduction strategies can subsequently be targeted. Specifically, the study aims to establish a first comprehensive prioritisation ranking of lake danger for TP, considering both the likelihood and possible magnitude of any outburst event(hazard), and the exposure of downstream communities. A composite inventory of 1,291 glacial lakes(>0.1 km^2) was derived from recent remote sensing studies, and a fully automated and object assessment scheme was implemented using customised GIS tools. Based on four core determinates of GLOF hazard(lake size, watershed area, topographic potential for ice/rock avalanching, and dam steepness), the scheme accurately distinguishes the high to very high hazard level of 19 out of 20 lakes that have previously generated GLOFs. Notably, 16% of all glacial lakes threaten human settlements, with a hotspot of GLOF danger identified in the central Himalayan counties of Jilong, Nyalam, and Dingri, where the potential trans-boundary threat to communities located downstream in Nepal is also recognised. The results provide an important and object scientific basis for decision-making, and the methodological approach is ideally suited for replication across other mountainous regions where such first-order studies are lacking.

关键词： GLOF Hazard Exposure Danger Tibetan Plateau Himalaya