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Optimization Control of Multi-Mode Coupling All-Wheel Drive System for Hybrid Vehicle

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期37卷 340-355页

作者： Lipeng Zhang Zijian Wang Liandong Wang Changan Ren school of Vehicle and energy Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

The all-wheel drive(AWD)hybrid system is a research focus on high-performance new energy vehicles that can meet the demands of dynamic performance and passing *** optimization of the power and economy of hybrid vehicles becomes an issue.A unique multi-mode coupling(MMC)AWD hybrid system is presented to realize the distributed and centralized driving of the front and rear axles to achieve vectored distribution and full utilization of the system power between the axles of *** on the parameters of the benchmarking model of a hybrid vehicle,the best model-predictive control-based energy management strategy is ***,the drive system model was built after the analysis of the MMC-AWD’s drive ***,three fundamental strategies were established to address power distribution adjustment and battery SOC maintenance when the SOC changed,which was followed by the design of a road driving force ***,the energy consumption rate in the average time domain was processed before designing the minimum fuel consumption controller based on the equivalent fuel consumption ***,the advantage of the MMC-AWD was confirmed by comparison with the dynamic performance and economy of the BYD Song PLUS *** findings indicate that,in comparison to the comparative hybrid system at road adhesion coefficients of 0.8 and 0.6,the MMC-AWD’s capacity to accelerate increases by 5.26%and 7.92%,*** the road adhesion coefficient is 0.8,0.6,and 0.4,the maximum climbing ability increases by 14.22%,12.88%,and 4.55%,*** a result,the dynamic performance is greatly enhanced,and the fuel savings rate per 100 km of mileage reaches 12.06%,which is also very *** proposed control strategies for the new hybrid AWD vehicle can optimize the power and economy simultaneously.

关键词： Hybrid vehicle All-wheel drive Multi-mode coupling energy management Model predictive control

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Thermal-hydraulic performance analysis and multi-objective optimization of a microchannel with staggered semi-elliptical ribs

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3152-3167页

作者： CUI Pan LIU Wei LIU ZhiChun school of energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology

To enhance the cooling capacity of traditional microchannels for high heat flux electronic devices,a microchannel design with staggered semi-elliptical ribs is proposed in this *** numerical simulations,the flow characteristics of the designed microchannel are compared with those of a smooth one,and the effects of rib width（Wr）,rib height（Hr）,and rib length（Lr）,on the thermal-hydraulic performance are investigated under laminar flow *** results show that the periodically arranged ribs induce periodic vortices within the microchannel,effectively promoting fluid mixing and enhancing heat *** Hrhave similar effects on microchannel performance,with an increase in them leading to an enhanced thermal performance at the expense of deteriorated hydraulic ***,Lrhas a comparatively weaker influence,with both the heat transfer and flow resistance initially growing with increasing Lrand then *** strike a balance between the two performances,a multi-objective optimization on the three geometrical parameters is conducted at a Reynolds number（Re） *** with simulation data,artificial neural networks are trained as surrogate models,and a multi-objective genetic algorithm is employed to derive the Pareto *** the TOPSIS decision-making method,an optimal compromise solution is determined as Wr=0.2415 mm,Hr=0.0976 mm,and Lr=0.6486 *** testing on the optimized microchannel reveals that it exhibits high heat transfer,middle flow resistance,and excellent overall performance,with the performance evaluation criterion（PEC） falling between 1.572 and 1.723 within the Re range of 220–660.

关键词： heat transfer enhancement microchannel semi-elliptical rib numerical simulation multi-objective optimization

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Tetraphenylethene-based hole transporting material for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 2009-2015页

作者： Peng Wang Pei Yuan Chenghao Ge Rongjun Zhao Lin Xie Yong Hua school of Materials and energy Yunnan UniversityKunming650091China

2,2,7,7-Tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobifluorene(Spiro-OMeTAD)has been identified as the most widely used and effective hole transporting material(HTM)in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the complicated multistep synthesis and low intrinsic hole mobility of Spiro-OMe TAD limit its commercialized ***,developing highly efficient HTMs with less synthetic steps becomes increasingly ***,understanding hot carriers transfer dynamics at the interface of perovskite layer and hole transport layer is crucial for further enhancing PSCs performance towards Shockley-Queisser limit,which still lacks full investigation to ***,a new HTM based on tetraphenylethene(WP1)was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step reaction *** was found that WP1-based HTM exhibits more matched energy level,higher hole mobility and conductivity than those of the control Spiro-OMe *** femtosecond transient absorption results reveal that the transfer rate of hot holes in perovskite/WP1 sample is four times higher than that of perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD,thereby helping enhance the device ***,the efficiency of PSCs is enhanced to 24.04%(WP1)from 22.85%(Spiro-OMeTAD).Moreover,the un-encapsulated device prepared with WP1 exhibits better long-term stability,retaining 87%of its initial PCE value after storing for 72 days under air environment,while the reference device shows76%of its initial *** work indicates that simple tetraphenylethene-based organic small molecule could be a very promising HTM candidate for highly efficient PSCs,and gives some significant insights for understanding intrinsic hot carriers transfer dynamics in device.

关键词： tetraphenylethene hole transporting material perovskite solar cells mobility hot carrier

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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of plastics for aviation oil production:energy and economic analyses

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 141-153页

作者： Sichen Fan Yifan Liu Yaning Zhang Wenke Zhao Chunbao Xu school of energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China school of energy and Environment City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is an effective method for recycling plastic wastes into oils that can be used for aviation fuels. In this study, energy and economic analyses of aviation oil production from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of polystyrene were performed. The total energy efficiency, recovered energy efficiency, unitary cost, unitary energy economic cost, relative cost difference, and energy economic factor were detailed. And the effects of microwave power, pyrolysis temperature, microwave absorbent loading, and microwave absorbent type on these parameters were covered. It was found that pyrolysis temperature has the most significant effect on the unitary cost and unitary energy economic cost of aviation oil, and-microwave absorbent type has a significant influence on energy economic factor during the whole microwave-assisted pyrolysis process. The optimum reaction conditions at the tonnage system for pyrolysis of 1 t polystyrene were microwave power of 650 W, pyrolysis temperature of 460 ℃, and silicon carbide (microwave absorbent) at a loading of 2 t (twice than feedstock loading). At these optimal conditions, the total energy efficiency, recovered energy efficiency, unitary cost, unitary energy economic cost, relative cost difference, and energy economic factor were 62.78%, 96.51%, 3.21 × 10^(4) yuan·t^(-1), 779 yuan·GJ^(-1), 1.49, and 71.02%, respectively.

关键词： energy analysis economic analysis microwave-assisted pyrolysis polystyrene aviation oil

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Regulating solid electrolyte interphase film on fluorinedoped hard carbon anode for sodium-ion battery

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Carbon energy 2024年第6期6卷 200-215页

作者： Cuiyun Yang Wentao Zhong Yuqiao Liu Qiang Deng Qian Cheng Xiaozhao Liu Chenghao Yang Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of energy Materials New Energy Research InstituteSchool of Environment and EnergySouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina

For the performance optimization strategies of hard carbon,heteroatom doping is an effective way to enhance the intrinsic transfer properties of sodium ions and electrons for accelerating the reaction ***,the previous work focuses mainly on the intrinsic physicochemical property changes of the material,but little attention has been paid to the resulting interfacial regulation of the electrode surface,namely the formation of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)*** this work,element F,which has the highest electronegativity,was chosen as the doping source to,more effectively,tune the electronic structure of the hard *** effect of F-doping on the physicochemical properties of hard carbon was not only systematically analyzed but also investigated with spectroscopy,optics,and in situ characterization techniques to further verify that appropriate F-doping plays a positive role in constructing a homogenous and inorganic-rich SEI *** experimentally demonstrated link between the electronic structure of the electrode and the SEI film properties can reframe the doping optimization strategy as well as provide a new idea for the design of electrode materials with low reduction kinetics to the *** a result,the optimized sample with the appropriate F-doping content exhibits the best electrochemical performance with high capacity(434.53 mA h g^(-1)at 20mA g^(-1))and excellent rate capability(141 mAh g^(-1)at 400 mA g^(-1)).

关键词： F-doping hard carbon reduction kinetics sodium-ion batteries solid electrolyte interphase film

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Rapid and stable calcium-looping solar thermochemical energy storage via co-doping binary sulfate and Al±Mn±Fe oxides

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Green energy & Environment 2024年第8期9卷 1290-1305页

作者： Changjian Yuan Xianglei Liu Xinrui Wang Chao Song Hangbin Zheng Cheng Tian Ke Gao Nan Sun Zhixing Jiang Yimin Xuan Yulong Ding school of energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Key Laboratory of Thermal Management and energy Utilization of Aviation Vehicles Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Birmingham Centre for energy Storage School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham

Solar thermochemical energy storage based on calcium looping（CaL） process is a promising technology for next-generation concentrated solar power（CSP） systems. However, conventional calcium carbonate（CaCO3） pellets suffer from slow reaction kinetics, poor stability, and low solar absorptance. Here, we successfully realized high power density and highly stable solar thermochemical energy storage/release by synergistically accelerating energy storage/release via binary sulfate and promoting cycle stability, mechanical strength, and solar absorptance via Al±Mn±Fe oxides. The energy storage density of proposed CaCO3pellets is still as high as 1455 kJ kg-1with only a slight decay rate of 4.91% over 100 cycles, which is higher than that of state-of-the-art pellets in the literature, in stark contrast to 69.9% of pure CaCO3pellets over 35cycles. Compared with pure CaCO3, the energy storage power density or decomposition rate is improved by 120% due to lower activation energy and promotion of Ca2+diffusion by binary sulfate. The energy release or carbonation rate rises by 10% because of high O2-transport ability of molten binary sulfate. Benefiting from fast energy storage/release rate and high solar absorptance, thermochemical energy storage efficiency is enhanced by more than 50% under direct solar irradiation. This work paves the way for application of direct solar thermochemical energy storage techniques via achieving fast energy storage/release rate, high energy density, good cyclic stability, and high solar absorptance simultaneously.

关键词： Calcium looping (CaL) Solar thermochemical energy storage Binary sulfate Fast reaction kinetics

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Scaling Laws Behind Penetrative Turbulence:History and Perspectives

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第10期41卷 1881-1900页

作者： Zijing DING Ruiqi HUANG Zhen OUYANG school of energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology

An unstably stratified flow entering into a stably stratified flow is referred to as penetrative convection, which is crucial to many physical processes and has been thought of as a key factor for extreme weather conditions. Past theoretical,numerical, and experimental studies on penetrative convection are reviewed, along with field studies providing insights into turbulence modeling. The physical factors that initiate penetrative convection, including internal heat sources, nonlinear constitutive relationships, centrifugal forces and other complicated factors are summarized. Cutting-edge methods for understanding transport mechanisms and statistical properties of penetrative turbulence are also documented, e.g., the variational approach and quasilinear approach, which derive scaling laws embedded in penetrative turbulence. Exploring these scaling laws in penetrative convection can improve our understanding of large-scale geophysical and astrophysical motions. To better the model of penetrative turbulence towards a practical situation, new directions, e.g., penetrative convection in spheres, and radiation-forced convection, are proposed.

关键词： penetrative convection scaling law thermal convection turbulence

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Investigation of non-uniform leading-edge tubercles in compressor cascade:Based on multi-objective optimization and data mining

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第7期37卷 134-152页

作者： Jiezhong DONG Wuli CHU Haoguang ZHANG Bo LUO Tianyuan JI Ziyun ZHANG school of Power and energy Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China

Corner stall receives noticeable attention in the aeroengine field as an important phenomenon in highly-load ***-uniform leading-edge tubercles,as an effective method to delay stall,are introduced into the *** this paper,the shape of leading-edge tubercles was controlled by a third-order Fourier *** judge corner stall,a more precise stall indicator for compressor cascade with flow control methods was ***,the total kinetic energy of the secondary flow at large incidence was adopted as a parameter for stall evaluation to save computing *** results of multiobjective optimization reveal that the loss coefficient exhibited negligible variation at design incidence,while the total kinetic energy of secondary flow showed a significant reduction at large incidence,resulting in a substantial increase in stall *** the optimal profiling cases,the stall incidencewas delayed from 7.9°to 11.6°.The major purpose of the research is to provide proper design guidelines for nonuniformleading-edge tubercles and uncover the flow controlmechanisms of leading-edge ***,the geometric features that meet different optimization objectives were extracted through geometric analysis near the Pareto Front and through Self-OrganizingMap(SOM)dataminingmethods in the optimization ***,flow field analysis reveals the flow control mechanism of leading-edge *** convex-concave-convex structure at the 0%-70%blade height region can form two branches of leading-edge vortex pairs that are opposite in the rotation direction to the passage *** two branches of leading-edge vortex pairs mixed with the leading-edge separation vortex to form two stronger mixed vortices,which can effectively suppress the development of passage vortex and delay stall incidence.

关键词： Corner stall Non-uniform leading-edge tubercles Stall indicator Stall evaluation parameter Mixed vortex

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Design of acceleration control schedule for adaptive cycle engine based on direct simulation model

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 307-318页

作者： Keran SONG Linyuan JIA Yuchun CHEN Tian TAN school of Power and energy Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

To design the optimum acceleration control schedule for the Adaptive Cycle Engine(ACE)in the full flight envelope,this paper establishes a direct simulation model of the ACE transient *** this model,geometric parameters are used to replace the component state *** corresponding relationship between geometric parameters and component state parameters is determined by sensitivity *** geometric variables are controlled when the geometric adjustment speed exceeds the limit,and at the same time the corresponding component state parameters are *** gradient optimization algorism is used to optimize the ground acceleration process of ACE,and the control schedule in terms of operating point of compression components and corrected acceleration rate is used as the full-envelope acceleration control schedule based on the similarity *** acceleration control schedules of the triple-bypass mode and the double-bypass mode are designed in this *** acceleration processes under various flight conditions are simulated using the acceleration control *** with the acceleration process with the linear geometric adjustment schedule,the acceleration performance of ACE is improved by the acceleration control schedule,with the impulse of the acceleration process of the triple-bypass mode being increased by 8.7%-12.3% and the impulse of the double-bypass mode acceleration process being increased by 11.8%-14.1%.

关键词： Adaptive Cycle Engine(ACE) Direct simulation method Acceleration Control schedule Full flight envelope

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An uncertainty investigation for liner impedance eduction methods

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 49-59页

作者： Weihao SHI Xiaodong JING school of energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Impedance eduction methods have been developed for decades to meet the increasing need for high-quality impedance data in the design and optimization of acoustic *** this end,it is important to fully investigate the uncertainty problem,to which only limited attention has been devoted so *** paper considers the possibility of acoustically-induced structural vibration as a nonnegligible uncertainty or error source in impedance eduction *** the frequency moves away from the resonant frequency,with the increase in the value of cavity reactance,the acoustic particle velocity inside liner orifices possibly decreases to the extent comparable to the vibration velocity of liner facing ***,the acoustically-induced vibration,although generally being weak except at the inherent structural frequencies,may considerably affect the impedance eduction results near the anti-resonant frequency where the liner has poor *** demonstrate the effect of structural vibration,the vibration velocity of liner facing sheet is estimated from the experimentally educed admittance of the liner samples whose orifices are sealed with ***,a three-dimensional numerical model is set up,in which normal particle velocity is introduced over the solid portion of liner facing sheet to imitate structural vibration,rather than directly solving the acoustic-structural coupling *** shown by the results,the vibration of liner facing sheet,whose velocity is as small as estimated by the experiment,can result in anomalous deviation of the educed impedance from the impedance model near the anti-resonant *** trend that the anomalous deviation varies with frequency is numerically captured.

关键词： Impedance eduction Uncertainty analysis Acoustically-induced structural vibration Anti-resonant frequency Perforated liner

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