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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第11期12卷 923-930页

作者： Pei LIU Sheng-rong SHEN Hui RUAN Qian ZHOU Liu-liu MA Guo-qing HE school of biosystems engineering and food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China College of food Science and engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai ＇an 271018 China

Naturally fermented pickles harbour many lactic acid bacteria （LAB）. Forty-three LAB strains with conjugated linoleic acid （CLA）-producing ability were isolated from three naturally fermented pickle brines. Of these isolates, Ip15 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by API 50 CHL system and full-length 16S rDNA sequence analysis exhibited the highest CLA-producing ability （26.1% conversion） at 48 h in de Man Rogosa Sharpe （MRS） broth in the presence of 100 IJg/ml of linoleic acid （LA）. Compared to other strains, L. plantarum strain Ip15 showed the highest tolerance upon increased levels of LA in the medium, i.e., up to 600 μg/ml. This strain converted about 25% of LA into CLA isomers [predominantly cis-9, trans-11 CLA （9-CLA） and trans-lO, cis-12 CLA （10-CLA）], of which 75% was 9-CLA. Interestingly, though the conversion rate of LA into CLA by Ip15 remained stable between 100 to 600μg/ml LA levels in the medium, it dropped sharply at 1000 μg/ml. Taken together, the Ip15 strain displayed relatively high LA tolerance with higher conversion rate, which implies that this strain is a valuable candidate for enhancing the CLA content in food-sources like pickles.

关键词： Conjugated linoleic acids Lactobacillus plantarum Lactic acid bacteria Pickle Gas chromatography

Alleviative effects of a novel strain Bacillus coagulans XY2 on copper-induced toxicity in zebrafish larvae

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 750-760页

作者： Fang Ai Xuedi Huang Yalan Wu Chen Ji Yufang Gao Ting Yu Fujie Yan National engineering Laboratory of Intelligent food Technology and Equipment College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Copper (Cu) is a kind of micronutrient element that is essential for human ***,it is also considered as an environmental pollutant which is toxic to organisms at a high concentration ***,regarded as beneficial microorganisms for promoting human health,have functions of antioxidant capacity,immune-enhancing properties,intestinal barrier protection and *** studies have reported that probiotics show positive effects on alleviating and intervening heavy metals ***,evidence for relieving copper-induced toxicity by probiotics is still *** this study,we firstly conducted a zebrafish larvae model to screen out microorganisms which are helpful for CuSO_(4)toxicity resistance and one novel strain named as Bacillus coagulans XY2 was discovered with the best protective *** XY2 significantly reduced the mortality of zebrafish larvae exposed to 10μmol/L CuSO_(4)for 96 hr,as well as alleviated the neutrophils infiltration in the larvae lateral line under a 2 hr *** XY2 exhibited a high in vitro antioxidant activity and against CuSO_(4)-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae by up-regulating sod1,gstp1 and cat gene transcriptional levels and relevant enzymatic ***_(4)stimulated the inflammation process resulting in obvious increases of gene il-1βand il-10 transcription,which were suppressed by *** XY2 ***,our results underline the bio-function of *** XY2 on protecting zebrafish larvae from copper toxicity,suggesting the potential application values of probiotics in copper toxicity alleviation on human and the environment.

关键词： Copper Probiotics Bacillus coagulans Oxidative stress Inflammation

Analysis and test of splitting failure in the cutting process of cabbage root

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2015年第4期8卷 27-34页

作者： Du Dongdong Wang Jun Qiu Shanshan Institute of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment School of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Cabbage harvester is very useful to replace the manual cabbage harvesting in *** cutter with single-point clamping way can reduce the maximum and the average cutting force effectively,but may increase the splitting *** this study,the mechanics model of cabbage root with single-point clamping way in cutting process was *** to the analysis of mechanics model,when the sheer stress exceeded the sheer strength(τa>τ0),splitting failure began to ***,if the maximum normal stress exceeded the tensile strength(σmax>σ0),the splitting failure would further become riving *** positions of splitting failure would almost locate at the cutting depth l equaled to R+r(l=R+r).To reduce the splitting failure,single factor and multi-factor cutting tests about the effect of sliding angle,cutting speed and cutting diameter on splitting failure were carried *** results showed that the splitting failure would reduce with the increase of sliding angle,cutting speed and cutting *** angle,cutting speed,cutting diameter and the interactions of cutting speed with sliding angle and cutting diameter had significant effect on splitting failure level,and the interaction of sliding angle with cutting diameter and the 3 factors’interaction had no *** minimize splitting failure levels,the best cutting combination was that:sliding angle 40°,cutting speed 300 mm/min and cutting diameter 35 *** research can provide a basis of how to design a cutter for the cabbage harvester including the optimized cutting combination.

关键词： cabbage cutting process splitting failure mechanics analysis tests

Evaluation of a cost effective technique for treating aquaculture water discharge using Lolium perenne Lam as a biofilter

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第9期19卷 1079-1085页

作者： NDUWIMANA André College of biosystems engineering and food Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China.

Wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. The utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. In this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water in local communities with low income. In both systems the grass species Lolium perenne Lam was used as a plant biofilter while vegetable specie Amaranthus viridis was used to evaluate the performance of the system and the suitability of the phyto-treated water for irrigation. It was found that the harmful material removal rate for recirculating system was 88.9% for TAN （total ammonia nitrogen）, 90% for NO2--N, 64.8% for NO3--N while for floating plant bed system 82.7% for TAN, 82% for NO2--N and 60.5% for NO3--N. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of waste element removal between the two systems revealed that both systems performed well, however, plant growth was not robust for floating plant bed system while recirculating system is energy consuming. Although both systems did not attain sufficient levels of TN （total nitrogen） and TP （total phosphorus） load reduction, the treatment with L. perenne remarkably improved the irrigation water quality. A. viridis plants irrigated with the phyto-treated discharge water had lesser concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues compared to those irrigated with untreated discharge. The control plants irrigated with untreated discharge were also found to be highly lignified with few stems and small leaves.

关键词： recirculating system float system plant filter Lolium perenne Lam Amaranthus viridis Burundi

Detection of immunoglobulin E using an aptamer based dot-blot assay

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第24期58卷 2938-2943页

作者： WANG YiXian YE ZunZhong YING YiBin College of biosystems engineering and food Science Zhejiang University

A novel aptamer based dot-blot assay for the detection of immunoglobulin E (IgE) was developed. A biotinylated aptamer was employed as the bio-recognition element to specifically interact with the target protein immobilized onto a nitrocellulose membrane substrate. Avidin conjugated horseradish peroxidase was introduced onto the membrane through the biotin-avidin system to catalyze the hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, thereby producing the blue-colored insoluble product. The intensity of the dots increased as the concentration of IgE increased. The spot intensity was quantified using a simple portable instrument. A linear response relationship between the spot intensity and the concentration of IgE over the range of 50 nmol/L to 1 μmol/L was obtained. The detection limit for IgE using the aptamer-based assay was 2.89 nmol/L. This assay was found to discriminate IgE from non-target proteins such as thrombin, bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulin G.

关键词：免疫球蛋白E 实验检测基础适体辣根过氧化物酶硝酸纤维素膜生物素标记印迹

Application Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer in rapid estimation of soluble solids content of intact citrus fruits

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第10期7卷 794-799页

作者： LU Hui-shan XU Hui-rong YING Yi-bin FU Xia-ping YU Hai-yan TIAN Hai-qing school of biosystems engineering and food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Nondestructive method of measuring soluble solids content (SSC) of citrus fruits was developed using Fourier transform near infrared reflectance (FT-NIR) measurements collected through optics fiber. The models describing the relationship between SSC and the NIR spectra of citrus fruits were developed and evaluated. Different spectra correction algorithms (standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative signal correction (MSC)) were used in this study. The relationship between laboratory SSC and FT-NIR spectra of citrus fruits was analyzed via principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) re- gression method. Models based on the different spectral ranges were compared in this research. The first derivative and second derivative were applied to all spectra to reduce the effects of sample size, light scattering, instrument noise, etc. Different baseline correction methods were applied to improve the spectral data quality. Among them the second derivative method after baseline correction produced best noise removing capability and yielded optimal calibration models. A total of 170 NIR spectra were acquired; 135 NIR spectra were used to develop the calibration model; the remaining spectra were used to validate the model. The developed PLS model describing the relationship between SSC and NIR reflectance spectra could predict SSC of 35 samples with correlation coefficient of 0.995 and RMSEP of 0.79 °Brix.

关键词： FT-NIR spectroscopy Soluble solids content Intact citrus Partial least squares analysis Reflectance mode

Measurement of soluble solids content in watermelon by Vis/NIR diffuse transmittance technique

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2007年第2期8卷 105-110页

作者： TIAN Hai-qing YING Yi-bin LU Hui-shan FU Xia-ping YU Hai-yan school of biosystems engineering and food Science Zhefiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Watermelon is a popular fruit in the world with soluble solids content （SSC） being one of the major characteristics used for assessing its quality. This study was aimed at obtaining a method for nondestructive SSC detection of watermelons by means of visible/near infrared （Vis/NIR） diffuse transmittance technique. Vis/NIR transmittance spectra of intact watermelons were acquired using a low-cost commercially available spectrometer operating over the range 350-1000 nm. Spectra data were analyzed by two multivariate calibration techniques： partial least squares （PLS） and principal component regression （PCR） methods. Two experiments were designed for two varieties of watermelons [Qilin （QL）, Zaochunhongyu （ZC）], which have different skin thickness range and shape dimensions. The influences of different data preprocessing and spectra treatments were also investigated. Performance of different models was assessed in terms of root mean square errors of calibration （RMSEC）, root mean square errors of prediction （RMSEP） and correlation coefficient （r） between the predicted and measured parameter values. Results showed that spectra data preprocessing influenced the performance of the calibration models. The first derivative spectra showed the best results with high correlation coefficient of determination [r=0.918 （QL）; r=0.954 （ZC）], low RMSEP [0.65 °Brix （QL）; 0.58 °Brix （ZC）], low RMSEC [0.48 °Brix （QL）; 0.34°Brix （ZC）] and small difference between the＇RMSEP and the RMSEC by PLS method. The nondestructive Vis/NIR measurements provided good estimates of SSC index of watermelon, and the predicted values were highly correlated with destructively measured values for SSC. The models based on smoothing spectra （Savitzky-Golay filter smoothing method） did not enhance the performance of calibration models obviously. The results indicated the feasibility of Vis/NIR diffuse transmittance spectral analysis for predicting watermelon SSC in a nondestructive way.

关键词： Diffuse transmittance Visible/near infrared Nondestructive detection Soluble solids content Watermelon

Application of principal component-radial basis function neural networks (PC-RBFNN) for the detection of water-adulterated bayberry juice by near-infrared spectroscopy

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第12期9卷 982-989页

作者： Li-juan XIE Xing-qian YE Dong-hong LIU Yi-bin YING College of biosystems engineering and food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics techniques was used to classify the pure bayberry juice and the one adulterated with 10% (w/w) and 20% (w/w) water. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensions of spectral data, give information regarding a potential capability of separation of objects, and provide principal component (PC) scores for radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). RBFNN was used to detect bayberry juice adulterant. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) transformation were used to preprocess spectra. The results demonstrate that PC-RBFNN with optimum parameters can separate pure bayberry juice samples from water-adulterated bayberry at a recognition rate of 97.62%, but cannot clearly detect water levels in the adulterated bayberry juice. We conclude that NIR technology can be successfully applied to detect water-adulterated bayberry juice.

关键词： Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy Principal component-radial basis function neural networks (PC-RBFNN) Bayberry juice Adulteration Chemometrics technique

Application of NIR spectroscopy for firmness evaluation of peaches

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第7期9卷 552-557页

作者： Xia-ping FU Yi-bin YING Ying ZHOU Li-juan XIE Hui-rong XU College of biosystems engineering and food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

The use of near infrared （NIR） spectroscopy was proved to be a useful tool for quality analysis of fruits. A bifurcated fiber type NIR spectrometer, with a detection range of 800-2500 nm by InGaAs detector, was used to evaluate the firmness of peaches. Anisotropy of NIR spectra and firmness of peaches in relation to detecting positions of different parts （including three latitudes and three longitudes） were investigated. Both spectra absorbency and firmness of peach were influenced by longitudes （i, ii, iii） and latitudes （A, B, C）. For modeling, two thirds of the samples were used as the calibration set and the remaining one third were used as the validation or prediction set. Partial least square regression （PLSR） models for different longitude and latitude spectra and for the whole fruit show that collecting several NIR spectra from different longitudes and latitudes of a fruit for NIR calibration modeling can improve the modeling performance. In addition, proper spectra pretreatments like scattering correction or derivative also can enhance the modeling performance. The best results obtained in this study were from the holistic model with multiplicative scattering correction （MSC） pretreatment, with correlation coefficient of cross-validation γcv=0.864, root mean square error of cross-validation RMSECV=6.71 N, correlation coefficient of calibration r=0.948, root mean square error of calibration RMSEC=4.21 N and root mean square error of prediction RMSEP=5.42 N. The results of this study are useful for further research and application that when applying NIR spectroscopy for objectives with anisotropic differences, spectra and quality indices are necessarily measured from several parts of each object to improve the modeling performance.

关键词： Near infrared (NIR) Anisotropy Peach Firmness Partial least square regression (PLSR)

Aquaculture Solids Management Using A Combination of Sand/Gravel or Unwoven Fabric Bed With Lolium perenne Lam as A Plant Biofilter

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2007年第6期20卷 439-444页

作者： ANDR NDUWIMANA Institute of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental engineering College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Sciences Zhejiang University

Objective This work is an evaluation of the efficiency of a sand-gravel or unwoven fabric bed system and Lolium perenne Lam as plant biofilter in the reduction of solids and nutrients removal from aquaculture discharge water. Methods The fzrst step consisted of the collection of wastewater in the tank and the distribution at three different hydraulic loading regimes （0.5, 1, 1.5 L/hour） to the different experimental systems. The second step was to evaluate the performance of the different systems. The fzrst system consisted of a bucket filled with a substrate of sand/gravel （20 cm in depth）, on the bottom of which was a 80 mesh/inch2 of nylon （S1）; the second was similar, but was planted with Lolium perenne lam （S2）; the third was planted with a grass plate consisting of 7 layers of unwoven fabric planted with L. perenne （S3）. Results The second system showed the best performance in reducing solids as well as in nutrients （TN, TP, and COD） reduction. The removal rates for TS, TN, and TP were negatively correlated with the loading regimes, with 0.5 L/hour being the most efficient and thus taken as the reference. Conclusions Solids management using a sand/gravel substrate as bed culture and Lolium perenne L. as plant biofilter has proved to be an efficient technique for solids reduction with low operating cost. This grass plays an important role in wastewater eco-treatment by absorbing dissolved pollutants （TAN） as nutrients for its growth.

关键词： Lolium perenne lam Hydraulic loading regimes Microcosm