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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第10期43卷 100-106页

作者： Feng Lin Cai Lin Xiuwu Sun Hui Lin Li Lin Fangfang Deng Kaiwen Tan Peng Lin laboratory of Marine Ecological Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring Third Institute of OceanographyXiamen 361005China savannah river ecology laboratory University of GeorgiaAiken 29802USA

The biogeochemical processes of marine sediments are influenced by bioturbation and organic carbon decomposition,which is crucial for understanding global element cycles and climate *** sediment cores were acquired in 2017 from abyssal basins in the central-eastern tropical Pacific to determine the bioturbation and organic carbon degradation *** radioactivity concentrations of 210Pb and 226Ra in the sediment cores were measured,indicating the presence of significant excess 210Pb(210Pbex)signals in the sediment ***,a manganese nodule was discovered in one core,which had a substantial influence on the distribution of *** the exception of this anomalous finding,the bioturbation coefficients in the remaining core were estimated to be 10.6 cm^(2)/a using a steady-state diffusion model,greater than most of the deep-sea sediments from the equatorial eastern *** using a bio-diffusion model,we further calculated the degradation rates of organic carbon(8.02 ka-1),which is also higher than other areas of the *** findings displayed the presence of a biologically active benthic ecosystem in the central-eastern tropical Pacific.

关键词： 210Pb 226Ra bioturbation tropical Pacific organic carbon degradation rate

认识生态未知物:用统计系统方法研究生物多样性

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高校地质学报 2005年第2期11卷 224-233页

作者：王意敏黄志勇张传伦 savannah river ecology laboratory University of Georgia Aiken SC 29802 USA

包括变性梯度凝胶电泳实验、16SrDNA克隆库、DNA生物芯片在内的分子生物学技术表明在自然环境中物种存在极端多样性。这些种类绝大多数都是不可培养的,不能完全了解其特征。通常运用Shannon和Simpson的经验参数来评估多样性。这些参数... 详细信息

包括变性梯度凝胶电泳实验、16SrDNA克隆库、DNA生物芯片在内的分子生物学技术表明在自然环境中物种存在极端多样性。这些种类绝大多数都是不可培养的,不能完全了解其特征。通常运用Shannon和Simpson的经验参数来评估多样性。这些参数依赖于样品的大小r不可靠。目前3种有效途径,即参数评估、非参数评估和系统多样性评估来解决生物多样性问题,同时和分子学技术相结合,三者可以增加种群数以及多样性评估的正确性,并可以在不同群落间进行严格比照。

关键词：参数评估非参数评估系统多样性评估生物多样性

嗜热和非嗜热Crenarchaeota的生物多样性及演化意义

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高校地质学报 2005年第2期11卷 207-216页

作者：黄志勇王意敏张传伦 savannah river ecology laboratory University of Georgia Aiken SC 298032 USA

Crenarchaeota,Euryarchaeata和Korarchaeota组成古菌中3个领域。Euryarchaeota是原核生物中重要的种群,得到了很好的研究,而Crenarchaeota和Korarchaeota直到最近才逐渐受到关注。古菌的生态和演化研究都属于Crenarchaeota领域。一个很重要的观点就是Crenarchaeota的所有独立种群都是极端嗜热的,非嗜热Crenarchaeota目前为止还没有分离出来。嗜热Crenarchaeota主要是在深海热烟囱和陆地热泉中发现的,特征是高温(>80℃)和低pH值(<6)。多种嗜热Crenarchaeota化能自养可以利用还原性无机化合物,例如H2和还原性硫。这个特性连同生命树群的深入分支说明生命最后共同的祖先可能是在热液体系中的嗜热自养生物。非嗜热Crenarchaeota和嗜热Crenarchaeota有很近似的系统关系。尽管一般情况下非嗜热Crenarchaeota是不可以培养的,但是其对敞开体系海相、陆相土壤、湖泊和地下的中低温环境的适应性日益增强。这主要取决于独立培养分子学技术的发展,例如16SrRNA基因序列。此外,海洋和土壤中非嗜热Crenarchaeota的研究还表明,非嗜热Crenarchaeota确定组成在碳循环的生物地球化学循环中起着非常重要的作用。

关键词：嗜热非嗜热 Crenarchaeota 生物演化生物多样性

Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 2： Potential dietary exposure of South Carolina hunters from recreationally harvested alligator meat

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 31-38页

作者： Jessica J.Tipton Louis J.Guillette Jr Susan Lovelace Benjamin B.Parrott Thomas R.Rainwater Jessica L.Reiner College of Charleston Charleston SC 29724 USA Medical University of South Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Charleston SC 29425 USA University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Jackson SC 29831 USA Torn Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal ecology and Forest Science Clemson University P.O. Box 59(5 Georgetown SC 29442 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Sciences Division Hollings Marine Laboratory Charleston SC 29412 USA

Exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids（PFAAs） has been linked to many harmful health effects including reproductive disorders, developmental delays, and altered liver and kidney function. Most human exposure to environmental contaminants, including PFAAs,occurs through consumption of contaminated food or drinking water. This study uses PFAA data from meat samples collected from recreationally harvested American alligators（Alligator mississippiensis） in South Carolina to assess potential dietary exposure of hunters and their families to PFAAs. Consumption patterns were investigated using intercept surveys of 23 hunters at a wild game meat processor. An exposure scenario using the average consumption frequency, portion size, and median perfluorooctane sulfonic acid（PFOS） concentration in alligator meat from all hunt units found the daily dietary exposure to be 2.11 ng/kg body weight per day for an adult human. Dietary PFOS exposure scenarios based on location of harvest suggested the highest daily exposure occurs with alligator meat from the Middle Coastal hunt unit in South Carolina. Although no samples were found to exceed the recommended threshold for no consumption of PFOS found in Minnesota state guidelines, exposure to a mixture of PFAAs found in alligator meat and site-specific exposures based on harvest location should be considered in determining an appropriate guideline for vulnerable populations potentially exposed to PFAAs through consumption of wild alligator meat.

关键词： Public hunt American alligator Dietary exposure PFOS Consumption advisory Contaminant consumption

Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 1： Concentrations in alligators harvested for consumption during South Carolina public hunts

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 24-30页

作者： Jessica J.Tipton Louis J.Guillette Jr Susan Lovelace Benjamin B.Parrott Thomas R.Rainwater Jessica L.Reiner College of Charleston Charleston SC 29424 USA Medical University of South Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Charleston SC 29425 USA University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Jackson SC 29831 USA Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal ecology and Forest Science Clemson University P.O. Box 596 Georgetown SC 29442 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Sciences Division Hollings Marine Laboratory Charleston SC 29412 USA

Environmental contamination resulting from the production or release of harmful chemicals can lead to negative consequences for wildlife and human health. Perfluorinated alkyl acids（PFAAs） were historically produced as protective coatings for many household items and currently persist in the environment, wildlife, and humans. PFAAs have been linked to immune suppression, endocrine disruption, and developmental toxicity in wildlife and laboratory studies. This study examines the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis,as an important indicator of ecosystem contamination and a potential pathway for PFAA exposure in humans. Alligator meat harvested in the 2015 South Carolina（SC） public hunt season and prepared for human consumption was collected and analyzed for PFAAs to determine meat concentrations and relationships with animal body size（total length）, sex, and location of harvest. Of the 15 PFAAs analyzed, perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） was found in all alligator meat samples and at the highest concentrations（median 6.73 ng/g）. No relationship was found between PFAA concentrations and total length or *** of one or all compounds varied significantly across sampling locations, with alligators harvested in the Middle Coastal hunt unit having the highest PFOS concentrations（median 16.0 ng/g; p = 0.0001）. Alligators harvested specifically from Berkley County, SC（located in the Middle Coastal hunt unit） had the highest PFOS concentrations and the greatest number of PFAAs detected（p 〈 0.0001）. The site-specific nature of PFAA concentrations in alligator meat observed in this study suggests a source of PFAA contamination in Berkley County, SC.

关键词： Perfluorinated alkyl acids American alligators South Carolina Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) Dietary exposure

Cs_(3)Bi_(2)l_(9)-hydroxyapatite composite waste forms for cesium and iodine immobilization

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第5期11卷 712-728页

作者： Kun YANG Yachun WANG Junhua SHEN Spencer M.SCOTT Brian J.RILEY John D.VIENNA Jie LIAN Department of Mechanical Aerospaceand Nuclear EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyUSA Department of Materials Science&Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyUSA savannah river National laboratory AikenUSA Pacific Northwest National laboratory RichlandUSA

Perovskite-based ceramic composites were developed as potential waste form materials for immobilizing cesium(Cs)and iodine(I)with high waste loadings and chemical *** perovskite Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)has high Cs(22 wt%)and I(58 wt%)content,and thus can be used as a potential host phase to immobilize these critical *** this work,the perovskite Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)phase was synthesized by a cost effective solution-based approach,and was embedded into a highly durable hydroxyapatite matrix by spark plasma sintering to form dense ceramic composite waste *** chemical durabilities of the monolithic Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)and Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)-hydroxyapatite composite pellets were investigated by static and semi-dynamic leaching tests,*** and I are incongruently released from the matrix for both pure Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)and composite *** normalized Cs release rate is faster than that of I,which can be explained by the difference in the strengths between Cs-I and Bi-I bonds as well as the formation of insoluble micrometer-sized BiOI *** activation energies of elemental releases based on dissolution and diffusion-controlled mechanisms are determined with significantly higher energy barriers for dissolution from the composite versus that of the monolithic Cs_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9).The ceramic-based composite waste forms exhibit excellent chemical durabilities and waste loadings,commensurate with the state-of-the-art glass-bonded perovskite composites for I and Cs immobilization.

关键词： cesium(Cs) iodine(Ⅰ) perovskite nuclear waste hydroxyapatite

Intraspecific temporal resource partitioning at white-tailed deer feeding sites

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 139-146页

作者： David B. STONE James A. MARTIN Bradley S. COHEN Thomas J. PREBYL Charlie KILLMASTER Karl V. MILLER Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA savannah river ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken SC USA Department of Biology Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA Georgia Department of Natural Resources Atlanta GA USA

Individuals may reduce competition by temporally partitioning their use of a shared resource. Behavioral differences between sexes in ungulates may encourage segregation as individuals attempt to avoid antagonistic interactions. However, dominant sex and age groups may reduce subordinates' access to food resources, regardless of the subordinate's sex. We hypothesized that white-tailed deer Odocoileus Virginian us temporally segregated at supplemental feedi ng sites based on social rank (subordinate: yearling males and adult females;dominant: adult males) and that segregation was affected by phase of the breeding season and diel cycle. If deer temporally segregate according to social rank, we predicted that the resulting activity patterns would manifest in one social class being relatively more susceptible to hunter-induced mortality. We used a multistate modeling approach to quantify temporal segregation and calculated the probability that a feeding site was in a particular state during diurnal and nocturnal hours for each of the 3 phases of the breeding season. We determined that transition probabilities differed by season and diel cycle and dominant and subordinate social classes clearly avoided each other, with <1% co-occurrenee at feedi ng sites. During the pre-breedi ng seas on, the probability of a subordi nate being present during diurnal hours was *** more likely than a dominant being present, but did not differ during nocturnal hours. There was no difference for dominants and subordinates during diurnal or no cturnal hours during the breedi ng season .In the post-breedi ng season, subordi nates were 1.7x more likely to occur at the feeding site than a dominant during diurnal hours but they did not differ during nocturnal hours. Our results indicate that dominance status influences temporal segregation at feeding sites and is affected by the phase of the breeding season. Therefore, the resulti ng activity patterns may in crease subordi nates' risk to human

关键词： competition multistate modeling predation risk supplemental feeding sites intraspecific temporal resource partitioning white-tailed deer

Improving the Enzyme Catalytic Efficiency Using Ionic Liquids with Kosmotropic Anions

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2006年第4期24卷 580-584页

作者：赵华 CAMPBELL, Sophia SOLOMON, Jonathan 宋志炎 OLUBAJO, Olarongbe Chemistry Program Savannah State University Savannah Georgia 31404 USA

The kosmotropicity of cations and anions in ionic liquids has a strong influence on the enzyme catalytic efficiency in aqueous environments. The kosmotropic anion CF3COO^- seemed to activate the protease, and the chao... 详细信息

关键词： enzyme biocatalysis activity ionic liquid kosmotropicity kosmotrope chaotrope

Empathic Responses of Behavioral-Synchronization in Human-Agent Interaction

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3761-3784页

作者： Sung Park Seongeon Park Mincheol Whang savannah College of Art and Design SavannahGA31401USA Sangmyung University Seoul03016Korea

Artificial entities,such as virtual agents,have become more *** long-term presence among humans requires the virtual agent’s ability to express appropriate emotions to elicit the necessary empathy from the *** empathy involves behavioral mimicry,a synchronized co-movement between dyadic ***,the characteristics of such synchrony between humans and virtual agents remain unclear in empathic *** study evaluates the participant’s behavioral synchronization when a virtual agent exhibits an emotional expression congruent with the emotional context through facial expressions,behavioral gestures,and *** viewed an emotion-eliciting video stimulus(negative or positive)with a virtual *** participants then conversed with the virtual agent about the video,such as how the participant felt about the *** virtual agent expressed emotions congruent with the video or neutral emotion during the *** participants’facial expressions,such as the facial expressive intensity and facial muscle movement,were measured during the dialog using a *** results showed the participants’significant behavioral synchronization(i.e.,cosine similarity≥.05)in both the negative and positive emotion conditions,evident in the participant’s facial mimicry with the virtual ***,the participants’facial expressions,both movement and intensity,were significantly stronger in the emotional virtual agent than in the neutral virtual *** particular,we found that the facial muscle intensity of AU45(Blink)is an effective index to assess the participant’s synchronization that differs by the individual’s empathic capability(low,mid,high).Based on the results,we suggest an appraisal criterion to provide empirical conditions to validate empathic interaction based on the facial expression measures.

关键词： Facial emotion recognition facial expression virtual agent virtual human embodied conversational agent empathy human-computer interaction

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古菌研究及其展望

中国科学技术大学学报 2007年第8期37卷 830-838页

作者：李曙光皮昀丹 Zhang Chuan-lun 中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学系安徽合肥230026 The University of Georgia savannah river ecology laboratory

古菌是目前生物地球化学研究的热点之一,不仅能在高温、强酸/碱性条件、高盐度、缺氧等极端条件下存在,而且能在普通海洋环境中存活.其含量巨大,在全球的生物地球化学作用中正扮演重要角色.该领域研究对阐明生命运动的基本规律,揭示生... 详细信息

古菌是目前生物地球化学研究的热点之一,不仅能在高温、强酸/碱性条件、高盐度、缺氧等极端条件下存在,而且能在普通海洋环境中存活.其含量巨大,在全球的生物地球化学作用中正扮演重要角色.该领域研究对阐明生命运动的基本规律,揭示生命起源和物种进化,生物圈与地圈环境的相互作用具有重要意义,并可为外太空生命问题的探讨和推测提供依据.本文评述了近30年来古菌基本研究成果和研究现状,展望有待解决的前沿研究内容及解决思路,旨在建立一个较为清晰的古菌基本概念及研究思路,以利于地质学、生物学界了解这一交叉领域.

关键词：古菌脂类 GDGT DNA