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Analytical solutions of stress and displacement in strain softening rock mass around a newly formed cavity

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Journal of Central south University 2013年第5期20卷 1397-1404页

作者：鲁燕儿杨武 state Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(Institute of Rock and soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences) China Communications Construction company second Highway Consultants Co.Ltd.

The closed form solutions of the stress and displacement in strain softening rock mass around a newly formed cavity are derived with a three step-wise elasto-plastic model. Hoek-Brown criterion is adopted as the yielding criterion of rock mass. Damage factors are proposed to account for degradation of the material parameters to reflect the degree of strain softening. The surrounding rock mass around the cavity is divided into three regions: elastic region, strain softening region and residual state region. The analytical solutions of stress, strain, displacement and radius of each region are obtained. The effects of the strain softening and shear dilatancy behavior on the results are investigated with parametric studies. The results show that the radii of the residual state region and strain softening region in the surrounding rock mass with higher damage degree are larger. The radii of the residual state region and strain softening region are 1-2 times and 1.5-3 times of the cavity radius, respectively. The radial and tangential stresses decrease with the increase of the damage factor. The displacement of the cavity wall for the case with maximum plastic bulk strain is nearly twice than that with no dilation. Rock mass moves more toward the center for the case with larger damage factor and shear dilation. The area of the plastic region is larger when the damage factors are considered. The displacements in the surrounding rock mass increase with the increase of the damage factors and shear dilation factors. The solutions can be applied to the stability analysis and support design of the underground excavation.

关键词： strain softening Hoek-Brown criterion step-wise elasto-plastic model damage factor shear dilation

Depositional Characteristics of Lake-Floor Fan of Cretaceous Lower Yaojia Formation in Western part of Central Depression region,songliao Basin

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第4期20卷 731-745页

作者：辛仁臣李桂范冯志强梁江平林畅松 school of Ocean sciences China University of Geosciences school of the Earth sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Daqing Oilfield company PetroChina school of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences

ABsTRACT： Based on the integrated subsurface data, including those of over 600 m drilled cores, more than 30 drilled wells and 600 km^2 three-dimensional （3D） seismic-reflection data of the study area, the characteristics of the lake-floor fan of lower Yaojia （姚家） Formation have been clarified. An evident lacustrine slope break and a steep slope belt developed in the west of songliao （松辽） basin during depositional period of Qingshankou （青山口）-Yaojia formations （K2）. The slope gradient was about 15 m/kin. During the depositional period of lower Yaojia Formation, the lake shrank and the shore line of the western songiiao basin shifted to the lacustrine slope-break. The wedge-shaped sediment body, which is interpreted as the lowstand system tract of sQyl （LsTy1）, developed in the area below the slope-break. The LsTy1 is pinched out in the west of the study area. As to the thickness of LsTy1, it is thicker in the east with 50 m in its thickness than in the west. The LsTy1, rich in sandstone, can be divided into lower part LsTy1L and upper part LsTy1u based on two onlap seismic reflection phases, and core and logging data clearly. The various sediments＇ gravity flow deposits developed and the complex of lake-floor fan formed in the LsTy1 under the slope-break in the western part of the central depression region. The lake-floor fan consists of various sediments＇ gravity flow deposits, including：（1） turbidity deposits with characteristics of Bouma sequences; （2） sand-bearing muddy debrite dominated by mud and mixed by sand; （3） mud-bearing sandy debrites characterized by dominated sand and mixed by mud; （4） sandy debris laminar flow deposits with massive or inclined bedding, and （5） sandy slump deposits developed as deformational sedimentary structure. During the lower lake-level period （LsTy1L）, the western clino-form region was erosion or sediment pass-by area; the terrigenous clasttc was directly trans-ported to deep-water area, converted to channelized sandy debris flo

关键词： lacustrine slope-break gravity flow deposit lake-floor fan Cretaceous songliao basin

Frictional Heat-Induced phase Transformation on Train Wheel surface

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2008年第5期15卷 49-55页

作者： sU Hang pAN Tao LI Li YANG Cai-fu CUI Yin-hui JI Huai-zhong Division of structural Material Research Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081 China Ma＇anshan Iron and steel company Limited Ma＇anshan 243000 Anhui China

By combining thermomechanical coupling finite element analysis with the characteristics of phase transformation [continuous cooling transformation （CCT） curve], the thermal fatigue behavior of train wheel steel under high speed and heavy load conditions was analyzed. The influence of different materials on the formation of the phase transformation zone of the wheel tread was discussed. The result showed that the peak temperature of wheel/track friction zone could be higher than the austenitizing temperature for braking. The depth of the austenitized region could reach a point of 0.9 mm beneath the wheel tread surface. The supercooled austenite is transformed to a hard and brittle martensite layer during the following rapid cooling process, which may lead to cracking and then spalling on the wheel tread surface. The decrease in carbon contents of the train wheel steel helps inhibit the formation of martensite by increasing the austenitizing temperature of the train wheel steel. When the carbon contents decrease from 0.7% to 0.4%, the Ac3 of the wheel steel is increased by 45 ℃, and the thickness of the martensite layer is de creased by 30 %, which is helpful in reducing the thermal cycling fatigue of the train wheel tread such as spalling.

关键词： train wheel steel thermal cycling fatigue friction martensite transformation thermomechanical coupling

Analysis of Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite sintering process by Dissection of sintering Bed

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2011年第6期18卷 8-15,36页

作者： BAI Yong-qiang CHENG shu-sen BAI Yan-ming school of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 Chinas Chenggang company Hebei Iron and Steel Co Ltd Chengde 062001 Hebei China

Many problems appear in the sintering process of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite, such as high energy consumption and low productivity; simer quality is also very poor for its low tumble strength and high reduction deg- radation. sinter productivity and quality are dominated by bed permeability and mineralogy structure, which are highly influenced by the thermal state of sintering bed, so the sintering process of titanomagnetite is researched by bed dissection in this work. Temperature evolution curves of sinter materials were measured, and the results show that melting duration, peak temperature duration and sintering temperature of different layers differ greatly from each other; flame front speed and vertical sintering speed of bed lower region are much smaller than those of bed up- per region. simultaneously, sinter samples were collected from different layers, and their mineralogy characteristics are analyzed; sinters from bed lower region have poor mineralogy structure, and the amounts of perovskite and dieM- cium silicate increase intensively, which are bad for sinter strength and reduction degradation property. Measures are proposed to improve the quality and productivity of titanomagnetite sinter.

关键词： sintering vanadium hearing titanomagnetite thermal state bed dissection mineralogy characteristic

Oil Resources potential and Exploration of Ordos Basin

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China Oil & Gas 2007年第1期14卷 22-24页

作者： Yang Hua Luo Anxiang Fu Jinhua Xi shengli petroChina Changqing Oilfield company

Ordos 盆经历了将近油气体探索 sinceChina 的一个世纪“ s 首先给探索的井(Yan-1 井) 上油在 Yanchang 县在 1907 被钻， shaanxiprovince。好前景为支撑，油和气体的稳定的开发是从而，努力上的 openedbased 由石油地质学家和油工人... 详细信息

Ordos 盆经历了将近油气体探索 sinceChina 的一个世纪“ s 首先给探索的井(Yan-1 井) 上油在 Yanchang 县在 1907 被钻， shaanxiprovince。好前景为支撑，油和气体的稳定的开发是从而，努力上的 openedbased 由石油地质学家和油工人的代做了。特别 inrecent 在盆的 10 年，石油地质学家和油工人常常解放了 theirmind 并且开发了新技术解决复杂低渗透油气体的地质的问题 andtechnical 问题探索。三主要突破是连续地北 shaanxi 省，东方 Longdong (Gansu 省) 的 Xifeng 区域，和在北 shaanxi 和东方 Gansu 之间的 Jiyuan 区域的 achievedin Zhi (dan ) Jing (bian )-Ansai 区域。Ansai， Jing “一，有 1 亿大量油储备的 Xifeng，和 Jiyuan 油矿各是在另外一个，新年度另外的储备在超过了 1 亿 tonsfor 以后的 discoveredone 十连续的年。在 2004 底， 36 个油矿的一个总数在 thebasin 被发现了，在哪个证明油地质，储备到达了 13.1972 亿吨(排除的 YanchangOilfield ) 。

关键词：鄂尔多斯盆地石油资源分布特征生产潜力开发方向

Distribution and geological significance of 17α(H)-diahopanes from different hydrocarbon source rocks of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin

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science China Earth sciences 2009年第10期52卷 965-974页

作者： ZHANG WenZheng YANG Hua HOU LiHui LIU Fei Institute of Exploration Development and Research of PetroChina Company Limited Changqing Oilfield BranchXi’an 710018China petroChina company Limited Changqing Oilfield Branch Xi’an 710018China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

Based on GC-Ms testing data of many saturated hydrocarbon samples, 17α(H)-C30 diahopanes (C30*) are extensively distributed in the lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks of the Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, but show remarkable differences in relative abundance among various source rocks. Generally, Chang 7 high-quality source rock (oil shale) developed in deep lake anoxic environment shows lower C30* content, whereas Chang 6-9 dark mudstone developed in shallow to semi-deep lake, sub-oxidizing environment shows relatively high to high C30* value. particularly, Chang 7 and Chang 9 black mudstones in Zhidan region in the northeast of the lake basin show extremely high C30* value. A comparative analysis was made based on lithology, organic types and various geochemical parameters indicative of redox environment, and the results indicate that environmental factors such as redox settings and lithology are key factors that control the C30* relative abundance, while organic types and maturity may be minor factors. High to extremely high C30* values are indicative of sub-oxidizing environment of fresh-brackish water and shallow to semi-deep lake. Therefore, research on C30* relative content and distribution in lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks in the Yanchang Formation, especially on the difference in C30* between Chang 7 high-quality source rocks (oil shale) and Chang 6-91 source rocks (dark mudstone), will provide an important approach for classification of Mesozoic lacustrine crudes and detailed oil-source correlation in the basin.

关键词： diahopane neohopane sedimentary environment Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin

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Main seagrass beds and threats to their habitats in the coastal sea of south China

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Chinese science Bulletin 2006年第B12期51卷 136-142页

作者： HUANG Xiaoping HUANG Liangmin LI Yinghong XU Zhanzhou FONG C W HUANG Daojian HAN Qiuying HUANG Hui TAN Yehui LIU sheng LED South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Environmental Resource Management company of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

The distribution, species, biomass,productivity of main seagrasses and their sufferedmain threats are introduced and discussed in thispaper based on the field surveys in the offshore areas of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan *** seagrass beds distributed mainly in Liusha Bay,Donghai Island and Hailing Island of Guangdongprovince; Hepu and pearl Bay of Guangxi ZhuangAutonomous region; Li’an Bay, Xincun Bay, Longwan Bay and sanya Bay of Hainan province and soon. The total area of seagrass beds in the coastal seaof south China is about 2400 ha. There are about 8species, such as Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervisHalophila beccarii, Zostera japonica, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemperichii, Ruppia martime andCymodocea rotundata. These seagrasses have highbiomass and productivity. However, they are subjected to some threats resulting from artificial andnatural factors, especially anthropogenic causes,such as culture of shrimps and fishes, shellfish collection, fishing by means of poisons, electric powerand explosives as well as trawling, artificial pollution,dredging channels, and typhoons natural disaster.

关键词：华南地区沿海生境海草广东广西海南生态特性

pressure swing Distillation for separation of Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol in sub-plateau region

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China petroleum processing & petrochemical Technology 2020年第1期22卷 104-110页

作者： Wang Keliang Li Jing Lian Minglei Li Zhi Du Tingzhao College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Liupanshui Normal UniversityLiupanshui 553004 North China company China Petroleum Engineering Co.Ltd.Renqiu 062552

The pressure swing distillation(psD)process for separation of ethyl acetate and ethanol mixture in subplateau region was *** pressure of low-pressure column was set at 0.086 Mpa,which is in accordance with the atmospheric pressure in the Yunnan-Guizhou region,while the pressure of high-pressure column was determined as 0.304 *** design parameters,including the plate number,the reflux ratio,and the feeding positions,were optimized,while taking into consideration the total annual cost(TAC).Furthermore,based on the general psD,the partially heatintegrated pressure swing distillation(pHIpsD)process and the fully heat-integrated pressure swing distillation(FHIpsD)process were also *** processes with heat integration showed lower capital cost and lower energy cost,and TACs of the pHIpsD and FHIpsD decreased to 377.21×103$/a and 371.66×103$/a,*** with the non-heat integrated process,TACs of the pHIpsD and FHIpsD could be reduced by 27.82%and 28.89%,*** results showed that the FHIpsD process could effectively separate the ethyl acetate-ethanol mixture,and it was more economical and *** work can provide some technical references for the separation of such azeotropes in the sub-plateau region.

关键词： pressure swing distillation ethyl acetate ethanol azeotrope heat-integrated

Origin of gas condensate reservoir in Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China

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petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第6期50卷 1295-1307页

作者： WANG Qinghua Tarim Oilfield company PetroChinaKorlaXinjiang 841000China R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development CNPCKorlaXinjiang 841000China Engineering Research Center of Ultra-deep Complex Oil and Gas Reservoir Exploration and Development Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionKorlaXinjiang 841000China

To understand the reservoir property and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the Middle and Upper Ordovician intraplatform shoal between ultra-deep main strike-slip faults in Fuman Oilfield of the Tarim Basin, China, the main strike-slip faults in and around well FD1 in the basin were analyzed in terms of sedimentary facies, sequence stratigraphy, intraplatform shoal reservoir property, and oil and gas origins, based on drilling data. The Yingshan Formation intraplatform shoal between the main strike-slip faults is superimposed with low-order faults to form a new type of hydrocarbon play. Firstly, hydrocarbons generated from the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation source rocks vertically migrated into the second member of Yingshan Formation through the main strike-slip faults, and then migrated laterally until they were accumulated. A small amount of oil from Well FD1 came from the Yuertusi Formation source rocks in the mature stage, and a large amount of gas originated from oil cracking in the ultra-deep reservoirs. Therefore, the secondary gas condensate reservoir in Well FD1 is characterized by high gas to oil ratio, dry gas (dryness coefficient being 0.970) and hybrid origin. This new type of hydrocarbon play characterized by intraplatform shoal and low-order fault suggests a prospect of continuous hydrocarbon-bearing area in Fuman Oilfield, which will expand the ultrap-deep oil and gas exploration in the oilfield.

关键词： low-order fault intraplatform shoal ultra-deep Yingshan Formation oil cracked gas condensate gas Fuman Oilfield Tarim Basin