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Identification of Heterodera schachtii on sugar beet in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第6期21卷 1694-1702页

作者： PENG Huan LIU Hui GAO Li JIANG Ru LI Guang-kuo GAO Hai-feng WU Wei WANG Jun ZHANG Yu HUANG Wen-kun KONG Ling-an PENG De-liang State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China The National Agro-Tech extension and service center Beijing 100026P.R.China Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Plant ProtectionXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi 830091P.R.China agricultural technology extension service center of Xinyuan County Yining 835800P.R.China Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830006P.R.China

The sugar beet cyst nematode,Heterodera schachtii,is a major parasite of sugar beet which has been recognized and listed as a quarantine nematode in China and more than 20 countries and regions worldwide.A survey for important nematodes was undertaken in the sugar beet planting area of China during 2015-2018,and numerous cysts were collected from sugar beet fields in Xinyuan County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of *** observations of morphological and morphometric characteristics revealed that cysts,vulval cones and second-stage juveniles of the Xinjiang population were in the same range of each other and within those of other reported *** *** analysis of rDNA-ITS,28S-D2/D3 and mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1(COI)gene sequences suggested that the Xinjiang population clustered in a branch with those foreign populations,and the sequence similarity was as high as 99.81-100%.Moreover,this result was confirmed by PCR assay with species-specific primer SHF6 and rDNA2 of ***,and the pathogenicity test confirmed successful Xinjiang population reproduction in both plant *** conclusion,based on morphological and molecular characterization,this study confirmed that the cyst nematode population collected from sugar beet fields in Xinjiang is *** far as we know,this is the first report of *** on sugar beets in Xinjiang,China.

关键词： sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii morphological molecular identification

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Evaluation on the High Yielding, Stability and Comprehensive Performances of Check Cultivars in National Cotton Regional Trials in the Yangtze River Valley

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agricultural Science & technology 2014年第11期15卷 1942-1945,1952页

作者： Shiqiao JIN Naiyin XU National agricultural technology extension and service center Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Industrial Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

[Objective] This study was to analyze the high yielding, stability, adaptabil-ity and main characteristics of check cultivars in national cotton regional trials in the Yangtze River Val ey in 2000-2013, with the aim to provide theoretical basis for the reasonable selection of check cultivars for cotton regional trials. [Method] GGE biplot analysis method was used to carry out the intensive analysis and comprehensive comparisons on the performances and differences of the 9 major characters of check cultivars, namely, lint cotton yield , stability, and other main traits including bol weight, bol number, lint percentage, fiber length, fiber strength, micronaire val-ue, plant height and seed index. [Result] Ezamian 10 was suitable in the majority of cotton planting regions in the Yangtze River Val ey, with the best high yielding abili-ty and perfect yield stability. The yielding ability of Xiangzamian 8 ranked the sec-ond, but its stability was the poorest. Xiangzamian 8 was of the specific adaptive cultivar with relatively good performance in high yielding but the poorest stability. The suitable planting areas of Xiangzamian 8 were limited to the cotton planting re-gion around Dongting Lake in Hunan province, Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, the Coastal region in Jiangsu Province and Wuhan district in Hubei Province. Xi-angzamian 2 performanced poorer in both yielding and stability, while Simian 3 ranked first in stability but the last in yielding ability. The dominant character of Xi-angzamian 8 and Xiangzamian 2 were high cotton plants and big bol s. Simian 3 performanced super in lint percentage and fiber length. Ezamian 10 was strong in cotton bol formation ability, lint cotton yielding, fiber strength and seed size, as wel as high micronaire value. [Conclusion] The outstanding performance of Ezamian 10 in high and stable yield in the Yangtze River Val ey in recent years has effectively promoted the high yielding ability of candidate varieties in cotton regional tr

关键词： Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) GGE biplot Check cultivar the Yangtze River Val ey (YaRV) Crop regional trial

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Current status and future trends of precision agricultural aviation technologies

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 1-17页

作者： Yubin Lan Chen Shengde Bradley K Fritz College of Engineering South China Agricultural University/National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology(NPAAC)Guangzhou 510642China Department of Biological and agricultural Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77845USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research and extension center BeaumontTX 77713USA United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) Agricultural Research Service(ARS)Aerial Application Technology Research UnitCollege StationTexas77845USA

Modern technologies and information tools can be used to maximize agricultural aviation productivity allowing for precision application of agrochemical *** paper reviews and summarizes the state-of-the-art in precision agricultural aviation technology highlighting remote sensing,aerial spraying and ground verification ***,the authors forecast the future of precision agricultural aviation technology with key development directions in precision agricultural aviation technologies,such as real-time image processing,variable-rate spraying,multi-sensor data fusion and RTK differential positioning,and other supporting technologies for UAV-based aerial *** review is expected to provide references for peers by summarizing the history and achievements,and encourage further development of precision agricultural aviation technologies.

关键词： precision agricultural aviation technology remote sensing aerial spraying UAV pesticide ground verification

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Relationship Among Yield Components and Selection Criteria for Yield Improvement in Early Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

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agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第7期10卷 997-1003页

作者： LU Guang-yuan ZHANG Fang ZHENG Pu-ying CHENG Yong LIU Feng-lan FU Gui-ping ZHANG Xue-kun Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Biological Research Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 P.R.China The National Agro-Tech extension and service center Beijing 100125 P.R.China

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between seed yield and other important agronomic traits of early-maturing rapeseed as a rotation crop in a double-cropping rice area using Pearson＇s correlation coefficient as well as to estimate direct and indirect effects of specific yield component traits on seed yield via path analysis. Nineteen rapeseed genotypes were grown at ten environments in South China during 2008-2009 and 12 characters were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed that environment had a significant impact on all characters. For most characters the genotype by environment interaction was weak and not statistically significant. Simple correlation analysis indicated that the number of primary branches （PB）, number of pods on the main raceme （PR）, and number of seeds per pod made significant contributions to seed yield per plant （SYP）, while 1 000-seed weight was negatively correlated with SYP （r=-0.485, P0.05）. Furthermore, number of pods per plant （PP）, PB, and PR had the greatest direct effects on SYP. In addition, PP and PB were the best indicators to predict seed yield in stepwise regression analysis. Finally, yield component differences between early- and medium-maturity varieties were compared; this showed that to improve the seed yield of early varieties, more emphasis should be given to increase PP, PB, and PR, and reduce plant height and shortening of growth duration in breeding practice.

关键词： Brassica napus L. early maturity yield component path analysis

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Late sowing enhances lodging resistance of wheat plants by improving the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第5期22卷 1351-1365页

作者： DONG Xiu-chun QIAN Tai-feng CHU Jin-peng ZHANG Xiu LIU Yun-jing DAI Xing-long HE Ming-rong State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming SystemMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Agronomy CollegeShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018P.R.China Jining agricultural technology extension center Jining 272113P.R.China

Delayed sowing mitigates lodging in wheat. However, the mechanism underlying the enhanced lodging resistance in wheat has yet to be fully elucidated. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of sowing date on lignin and cellulose metabolism, stem morphological characteristics, lodging resistance, and grain yield. Seeds of Tainong 18,a winter wheat variety, were sown on October 8(normal sowing) and October 22(late sowing) during both of the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons. The results showed that late sowing enhanced the lodging resistance of wheat by improving the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose. Under late sowing, the expression levels of key genes(Ta PAL, Ta CCR, Ta COMT, TaCAD, and TaCesA1, 3, 4, 7, and 8) and enzyme activities(TaPAL and TaCAD) related to lignin and cellulose biosynthesis peaked 4–12 days earlier, and except for the TaPAL, TaCCR, and TaCesA1 genes and TaPAL, in most cases they were significantly higher than under normal sowing. As a result, lignin and cellulose accumulated quickly during the stem elongation stage. The mean and maximum accumulation rates of lignin and cellulose increased, the maximum accumulation contents of lignin and cellulose were higher, and the cellulose accumulation duration was prolonged. Consequently, the lignin/cellulose ratio and lignin content were increased from 0 day and the cellulose content was increased from 11 days after jointing onward. Our main finding is that the improved biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose were responsible for increasing the stem-filling degree, breaking strength, and lodging resistance. The major functional genes enhancing lodging resistance in wheat that are induced by delayed sowing need to be determined.

关键词： cellulose late sowing lignin lodging resistance wheat

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Achievements and Measures of Transforming One Million Mu of Indica to Japonica in Chuzhou

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Asian agricultural Research 2014年第4期6卷 22-23,28页

作者： Guomei ZHU Mingfang ZHA Chuzhou agricultural Committee agricultural technology extension center Chuzhou

This paper studies the work of " transforming one million mu of indica to japonic" in Chuzhou,analyzes the effects and summarizes the related measures.

关键词： Transforming indica to japonica Effects Inspiratio

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Design and field test of a special Chinese herbal medicine harvester

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第5期15卷 109-115页

作者： Zhi’an Zheng Baocong Cui Weikai Gao Yubin Wei Min Wu Aichao Li College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Gansu Institute of agricultural Engineering and technology Wuwei 733006GansuChina Jining Yanzhou District agricultural Comprehensive Development service center Jining 272000ShandongChina

A special Chinese herbal medicine(SCHM)harvester was designed to address the problems such as the highly labor-intensive process,low harvesting efficiency,and lack of suitable *** designed machine was comprised of three main components,including a reciprocating cutter,a clamping chain,and a counter *** addition,a mechanical model of a plant stalk during harvester operation is established to analyze the parameters affecting SCHM harvesting:sprocket rotation speed,counter roller gap,and header inclination *** the operating mode of the harvester,all three parameters were taken as test factors,and the proportion of lost fruit,the proportion of broken capsules,and the length of the retained stem are the test *** to the test results,the fruit lost was 1.14%,the broken fruit was 1.02%,the stalks with an acceptable length was 82.45%at a sprocket rotation speed of 110 r/min,a roller gap of 9 mm,and a header inclination angle of 5°.The research can provide an effective solution to solve the SCHM harvest *** studies need to do for making this machine more automated and intelligent.

关键词： mechanization chain special Chinese herbal medicine herb harvester

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Effects of different concentrations of super-absorbent polymers on soil structure and hydro-physical properties following continuous wetting and drying cycles

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第11期21卷 3368-3381页

作者： JI Bing-yi ZHAO Chi-peng WU Yue HAN Wei SONG Ji-qing BAI Wen-bo Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Liaoning Province Modern agricultural Production Base and Construction Engineering center Shenyang 110033P.R.China Shandong General Station of agricultural technology extension Jinan 250100P.R.China

Super-absorbent polymers(SAPs)are widely used chemical water-saving materials,which play an active role in the accumulation of soil water and the improvement of soil *** is known about their performance with repeated usage or about factors influencing their efficiency under alternate wetting and drying *** this study,various concentrations of SAP(0,0.1,0.2 and 0.3%)in soil following three continuous wetting and drying cycles(T1,T2 and T3),were studied to determine effects on soil structure stability and hydro-physical *** results indicated that the SAP improved soil water supply capacity under conditions of mild drought(T2)and sufficient irrigation(T3)at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.3%,but a reduction was observed under severe drought conditions(T1),which was negatively correlated with the SAP *** physical adsorption of the SAP by soil and the chemical connection between the SAP and soil mineral colloids as Si-O-Si bonds,-OH bonds and different crystalline silica were the important factors that directly lead to the reduction of water retention capacities of the SAP with alternating wet and dry *** with the control,the soil liquid phase ratios of the SAP treatments were increased by8.8-202.7%in the T1 and T2 cycles,which would have led to a decrease in the soil air phase *** repeated wetting and drying cycles,the SAP treatments increased the amount of>0.25 mm soil aggregates and the contents of water-stable macro-aggregate(R_(0.25)),and decreased the amount of<0.053 mm soil aggregates,especially with higher concentrations of the *** in mean weight diameter(MWD)and geometric mean diameter(GMD),and declines in fractal dimension(D)and unstable aggregates index(E_(LT))were all observed with the SAP treatments,which indicated an improvement in soil stability and *** was concluded that the distribution and stability of soil aggregates and soil water supply capacity was closely related to

关键词： super-absorbent polymer(SAP) soil water soil structure soil aggregate soil colloid

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Developing sustainable summer maize production for smallholder farmers in the North China Plain: An agronomic diagnosis method

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第8期18卷 1667-1679页

作者： CHEN Guang-feng CAO Hong-zhu CHEN Dong-dong ZHANG Ling-bo ZHAO Wei-li ZHANG Yu MA Wen-qi JIANG Rong-feng ZHANG Hong-yan ZHANG Fu-suo College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R.China College of Resources and Environment Science Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education Beijing 100193 P.R.China National agricultural technology extension and service center Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing 100125 P.R.C hina

With an increasing population and changing diet structure, summer maize is increasingly becoming an important energy crop in China. However, traditional farmer practices for maize production are inefficient and unsustainable. To ensure food security and sustainable development of summer maize production in China, an improved, more sustainable farmer management system is needed. Establishing this system requires a comprehensive understanding of the limitations of current farming practice and the ways it could be improved. In our study, 235 plots from three villages in the North China Plain(NCP) were monitored. Maize production on farms was evaluated;our results showed that the maize yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFPN) were variable on smallholder farms at 6.6–13.7 t ha^–1 and 15.4–88.7 kg kg^–1, *** farming practices also have a large environmental impact(nitrogen surplus:–64.2–323.78 kg ha^–1). Key yield components were identified by agronomic diagnosis. Grain yield depend heavily on grain numbers per hectare rather than on the 1 000-grain weight. A set of improved management practices(IP) for maize production was designed by employing a boundary line(BL) approach and tested on farms. Results showed that the IP could increase yield by 18.4% and PFPN by 31.1%, compared with traditional farmer practices(FP), and reduce the nitrogen(N) surplus by 57.9 kg ha^–1. However,in terms of IP effect, there was a large heterogeneity among different smallholder farmers’ fields, meaning that, precise technologies were needed in different sites especially for N fertilizer management. Our results are valuable for policymakers and smallholder farmers for meeting the objectives of green development in agricultural production.

关键词： smallholder farmers sustainable production yield gap agronomic diagnosis North China Plain

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Development of a high-efficiency sex pheromone formula to control Euproctis pseudoconspersa

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第1期22卷 195-201页

作者： LI Zhao-qun YUAN Ting-ting CUI Shao-wei ZHAO Ying-jie SHAO Yuan-hai SHANG Jian-nong LUO Zong-xiu CAI Xiao-ming BIAN Lei CHEN Zong-mao Key Laboratory of Biology Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTea Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceHangzhou 310008P.R.China Tea Variety Research Institute of Wuxi Wuxi 214122P.R.China agricultural technology extension service center of Xihu District of Hangzhou Hangzhou 310063P.R.China

The tea tussock moth(Euproctis pseudoconspersa)is one of the most destructive chewing pests in tea plantations and causes a serious allergic reaction on the skin of tea plantation *** sex pheromone components of its Japanese population were first identified as 10,14-dimethylpentadecyl isobutyrate(10Me14Me-15:iBu)and 14-methylpentadecyl isobutyrate(14Me-15:iBu),with a stereogenic *** 10Me14Me-15:iBu has been identified in the Chinese *** ***,field tests have shown that 10Me14Me-15:iBu cannot meet the demand of effective pest control in *** develop a high-efficiency *** sex pheromone formula,electroantennogram(EAG)recordings of(S)-and(R)-enantiomers of 10Me14Me-15:iBu and 14Me-15:iBu were obtained in the present *** results demonstrated that the EAG responses of male antennae to(R)-enantiomers were significantly higher than responses to the(S)-enantiomers,and 14Me-15:iBu also elicited EAG *** tests showed that the catch numbers of male moths by(R)-enantiomers were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of(S)-*** of 14Me-15:iBu significantly increased the catch numbers of both the(S)-and(R)-*** efficient pheromone formula containing 0.75 mg(R)-10Me14Me-15:iBu and 0.1 mg 14Me-15:iBu showed significantly higher attractiveness than commercial pheromone *** study demonstrated that(R)-10Me14Me-15:iBu was the major sex pheromone component of ***,and 14Me-15:iBu might be the minor sex pheromone ***,a high-efficiency sex pheromone formula for *** control was defined in this study.

关键词： Euproctis pseudoconspersa sex pheromone chirality electroantennogram

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