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Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1179-1194页

作者： Lichao Zhai Lihua Zhang Yongzeng Cui Lifang Zhai Mengjing Zheng Yanrong Yao Jingting Zhang Wanbin Hou Liyong Wu Xiuling Jia Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang 050035China Hebei Science and technology Innovation service center Shijiazhuang 050051China Yongnian agricultural technology extension center Handan 057150China Ningjin agricultural technology extension center Xingtai 055550China

Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high *** order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical *** with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior *** effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior ***,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most *** area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or *** with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and ***,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N *** showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position *** conclusion,the combined application of

关键词： chemical fertilizer dry mater accumulation kernel position effect N uptake organic fertilizer

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Rapid detection of the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens by lateral flow strip-based recombinase polymerase amplification assay

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第11期 3763-3773页

作者： Jiacheng Xi Sanlian Wan Yue Li Yuandi Xu Jing Yang Ting Zhang Jiajia Chen Zhengguang Zhang Danyu Shen Haifeng Zhang sanya Institute of Nanjing agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests of Ministry of Education Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University sanya extension service center for agricultural technology College of Landscape Architecture Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry

Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is a devastating disease that greatly reduces rice yield and ***, controlling rice false smut disease is challenging due to the unique infection mode of U. virens. Therefore,there is a need for early diagnosis and monitoring techniques to prevent the spread of this disease. Lateral flow strip-based recombinase polymerase amplification(LF-RPA) overcomes the limitations of current U. virens detection technologies, which are time-consuming, require delicate equipment, and have a high false-positive rate. In this study, we used a comparative genomics approach to identify Uv＿3611, a specific gene of U. virens, as the target for the LF-RPA assay. The designed primers and probe efffectively detected the genomic DNA(gDNA) of U. virens and demonstrated no cross-reactivity with related pathogens. Under optimal conditions, the LF-RPA assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 10 pg of U. virens gDNA. Additionally, by incorporating a simplified PEG-NaOH method for plant DNA extraction, the LF-RPA assay enabled the detection of U. virens in rice spikelets within 30 min, without the need for specialized equipment. Furthermore, the LF-RPA assay successfully detected U. virens in naturally infected rice and seed samples in the field. Therefore, the LF-RPA assay is sensitive, efficient, and convenient, and could be developed as a kit for monitoring rice false smut disease in the field.

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Development of a rapid and efficient system for CR genes identification based on hairy root transformation in Brassicaceae

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第4期10卷 1049-1060页

作者： Wenlin Yu Lu Yang Yuanyuan Xiang Rongde Li Xueqing Zhou Longcai Gan Xianyu Xiang Yunyun Zhang Lei Yuan Yanqing Luo Genze Li Youning Wang Yinhua Chen Peng Chen Chunyu Zhang National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding Sanya Nanfan Research InstituteHainan UniversitySanyaHainan 572025China National Agro-Tech extension and service center Beijing 100125China Industrial Crops Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnan 650221China College ofAgronomy NorthwestA&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China

Many economically important crops and vegetables belonging to the cruciferous family are heavily endangered by clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae *** of clubroot resistant cultivars based on mapping and cloning of resistant genes is commonly regarded as the most cost-effective and efficient way to fight against this *** traditional way of R gene functional validation requires stable transformation that is both time-and *** this study,a rapid and efficient hairy-root transgenic protocol mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes was *** transformation positive rate was over 80%in Brassica napus showed by GUS reporter gene and this transformation only took 1/6 of the time compared with stable *** system was applicable to different *** varieties and other cruciferous crops including Brassica rapa and Brassica *** particular,two known CR genes,CRA3.7.1 and CRA8.2.4 were used respectively,as example to show that the system works well for CR gene study combined with subsequent *** infection in *** importantly,it works both in over-expression that led to disease resistance,as well as in RNAi which led to disease susceptible ***,this system can be used in batch-wise identification of CR genes,and also offered the possibility of manipulating key genes within the *** genome that could improve our knowledge on host-pathogen interaction.

关键词： Brassicaceae Agrobacterium rhizogenes Hairy root transformation Clubroot Gene function

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Application of controlled-release urea increases maize N uptake,environmental benefits and economic returns via optimizing temporal and spatial distributions of soil mineral N

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 222-235页

作者： Mingxue SUN Juan LI Lili ZHANG Xiaomeng SU Ning LIU Xiaori HAN Songjiang WU Zhentao SUN Xiangdong YANG Institute of agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and FertilizerMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China agricultural Development service center of Zhuanghe Zhuanghe 116499China agricultural technology extension center Wafangdian 116300China College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 100866China

The creation of controlled-release urea (CRU) is a potent substitute for conventional fertilizers in order to preserve the availability of nitrogen (N) in soil,prevent environmental pollution,and move toward green *** main objectives of this study were to assess the impacts of CRU’s full application on maize production and to clarify the connection between the nutrient release pattern of CRU and maize nutrient *** order to learn more about the effects of CRU application on maize yields,N uptake,mineral N (N_(min)) dynamics,N balance in soil-crop systems,and economic returns,a series of field experiments were carried out in 2018–2020 in Dalian City,Liaoning Province,*** were 4 different treatments in the experiments:no N fertilizer input (control,CK);application of common urea at 210 kg ha^(-1)(U),the ideal fertilization management level for the study site;application of polyurethane-coated urea at the same N input rate as U (PCU);and application of PCU at a 20% reduction in N input rate (0.8PCU).Our findings showed that using CRU (i.e.,PCU and 0.8 PCU) may considerably increase maize N absorption,maintain maize yields,and increase N use efficiency (NUE) compared to *** grain yield showed considerable positive correlations with total N uptake in leaf in U and 0.8 PCU,but negative correlations with that in PCU,indicating that PCU caused excessive maize absorption while 0.8 PCU could achieve a better yield response to N ***,PCU was able to maintain N fertilizer in the soil profile 0–20 cm away from the fertilization point,and higher N_(min)content was observed in the 0–20 cm soil layer at various growth stages,particularly at the middle and late growing stages,optimizing the temporal and spatial distributions of N_(min).Additionally,compared to that in U,the apparent N loss rate in PCU was reduced by 36.2%,and applying CRU (PCU and 0.8 PCU) increased net profit by 8.5% to 15.2% with less labor and fertilization *** was co

关键词： apparent N loss fertilization management green agriculture maize yield N balance N use efficiency

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Historical tillage promotes grass-legume mixtures establishment and accelerates soil microbial activity and organic carbon decomposition

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 910-924页

作者： ZHOU Jiqiong GONG Jinchao WANG Pengsen SU Yingying LI Xuxu LI Xiangjun LIU Lin BAI Yanfu MA Congyu WANG Wen HUANG Ting YAN Yanhong ZHANG Xinquan Department of Grassland Science College of Grassland Science&TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Yunnan Sheep Breeding and extension center Kunming 655204China

Perennial grass-legume mixtures have been extensively used to restore degraded grasslands,increasing grassland productivity and forage *** is crucial for seedbed preparation and sustainable weed management for the establishment of grass-legume ***,a common concern is that intensive tillage may alter soil characteristics,leading to losses in soil organic carbon(SOC).We investigated the plant community composition,SOC,soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC),soil enzyme activities,and soil properties in long-term perennial grass-legume mixtures under two different tillage intensities(once and twice)as well as in a fenced grassland(FG).The establishment of grass-legume mixtures increased plant species diversity and plant community coverage,compared with *** with once tilled grassland(OTG),twice tilled grassland(TTG)enhanced the coverage of high-quality leguminous forage species by 380.3%.Grass-legume mixtures with historical tillage decreased SOC and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)concentrations,whereas soil MBC concentrations in OTG and TTG increased by 16.0%and 16.4%,respectively,compared with *** significantly decreased the activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)by 72.3%,whereas soil enzymeβ-glucosidase(βG)in OTG and TTG increased by 55.9%and 27.3%,respectively,compared with *** analysis indicated a close association of the increase in MBC andβG activities with the rapid decline in *** result suggested that MBC was a key driving factor in soil carbon storage dynamics,potentially accelerating soil carbon cycling and facilitating biogeochemical *** establishment of grass-legume mixtures effectively improves forage quality and boosts plant diversity,thereby facilitating the restoration of degraded *** tillage assists in establishing legume-grass mixtures by controlling weeds,it accelerates microbial activity and organic carbon *** findings provide a foundation for understanding the

关键词： tillage grass-legume mixtures fencing grassland microbial biomass carbon β-glucosidase(βG) N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)

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Genetic diversity of RNA viruses infecting invertebrate pests of rice

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 175-187页

作者： Haoran Wang Shufen Chao Qing Yan Shu Zhang Guoqing Chen Chonghui Mao Yang Hu Fengquan Yu Shuo Wang Liang Lv Baojun Yang Jiachun He Songbai Zhang Liangsheng Zhang Peter Simmonds Guozhong Feng State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 311400China State Key Laboratory of agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Institute of Plant Protection&Soil Fertilizer Hubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430064China Institute of Plant Protection Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550000China Institute of Plant Protection Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyang 110161China sanya agricultural technology extension and service Centre Sanya 572000China College of Agriculture Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434000China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310012China Nuffield Department of Medicine Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13SYUnited Kingdom

Invertebrate species are a natural reservoir of viral genetic diversity,and invertebrate pests are widely distributed in crop ***,information on viruses infecting invertebrate pests of crops is *** this report,we describe the deep metatranscriptomic sequencing of 88 invertebrate samples covering all major invertebrate pests in rice *** identified 296 new RNA viruses and 13 known RNA *** viruses clustered within 31 families,with many highly divergent viruses constituting potentially new families and *** the identified viruses,13 RNA viruses clustered within the Fiersviridae family of bacteriophages,and 48 RNA viruses clustered within families and genera of *** detected known rice viruses in novel invertebrate hosts at high ***,some novel RNA viruses have genome structures closely matching to known plant viruses and clustered within genera of several plant virus *** potential insect pathogenic RNA viruses were detected in invertebrate *** analysis revealed that host taxonomy plays a major role and geographical location plays an important role in structuring viral ***-species transmission of RNA viruses was detected between invertebrate *** identified viral genomes showed extensive variation for invertebrate viral families or ***,the large-scale metatranscriptomic analysis greatly expands our understanding of RNA viruses in rice invertebrate species,the results provide valuable information for developing efficient strategies to manage insect pests and virus-mediated crop diseases.

关键词： invertebrate species metatranscriptome viral diversity viral transmission viral genomes

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Application of CRISPR/Cas12i.3 for targeted mutagenesis in broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第8期66卷 1544-1547页

作者： Yuhe Bai Shengnan Liu Yan Bai Zhisong Xu Hainan Zhao Haiming Zhao Jinsheng Lai Ya Liu Weibin Song State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding Key Laboratory of Genome Editing Research and ApplicationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingNational Maize Improvement CenterCollege of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China National agricultural technology extension&service center Beijing 100125China Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China

As the global human population continues to grow and is predicted to reach 10 billion by 2050,the demand for food volume and quality raises a tremendous challenge(OECD/FAO,2017).The worldwide arable land area is decre... 详细信息

关键词： arable continue raise

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Endosulfan residues and farmers’replacement behaviors of endosulfan in the north-west inland cotton region

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 35-47页

作者： Shuyan Zhou Yang Zhang Jingjing Wang Shikun Cheng Fuyan Zhuo Yun Hong School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083China Foreign Environmental Cooperation center Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100035China United Nations Development Programme in China Beijing 100600China National Agro-Tech extension and service center Beijing 100125China

We assessed the situation of endosulfan residues in cotton fields after the endosulfan ban came into effect and the current knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)of cotton farmers on the phase-out of endosulfan and the application of alternative *** samples(n=91)of cotton fields were collected from the major cotton-producing areas in China,namely the north-west inland cotton region,and the endosulfan residues were analyzed.A KAP survey was carried out for cotton farmers,and 291 questionnaires were *** influences of gender,age,education background,cotton planting years,publicity and training,income sources,and other factors on cotton farmers’KAP were *** results showed that endosulfan sulfate was the main endosulfan residue in the soil,followed byβ-endosulfan andα-endosulfan,the average residual contents were 0.569,0.139,and 0.060μg/kg,*** results of the KAP study showed that cotton farmers scored low on knowledge about the phase-out of endosulfan and the application of alternative technologies but high on attitude and *** number of family members,years of cotton planting,age,and the cottonplanting area had different degrees of influence on KAP *** training could significantly improve the KAP scores of cotton farmers;training should be more targeted and designed reasonably for key groups,such as men and the population under 30,followed by training them to use pesticides *** large-scale cotton growers,training should focus on green prevention and control technologies.

关键词： Cotton fields Endosulfan residues Farmers KAP survey Replacement behaviours

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On-site rapid detection of multiple pesticide residues in tea leaves by lateral flow immunoassay

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第2期14卷 276-283页

作者： Junxia Gao Tianyi Zhang Yihua Fang Ying Zhao Mei Yang Li Zhao Ye Li Jun Huang Guonian Zhu Yirong Guo Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang ProvinceMinistry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources UtilizationMinistry of AgricultureHangzhou310008China Shanghai agricultural technology extension service center Shanghai201103China School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou311200China

The application of pesticides (mostly insecticides and fungicides) during the tea-planting process will undoubtedly increase the dietary risk associated with drinking tea. Thus, it is necessary to ascertain whether pesticide residues in tea products exceed the maximum residue limits. However, the complex matrices present in tea samples comprise a major challenge in the analytical detection of pesticide residues. In this study, nine types of lateral flow immunochromatographic strips (LFICSs) were developed to detect the pesticides of interest (fenpropathrin, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and iprodione). To reduce the interference of tea substrates on the assay sensitivity, the pretreatment conditions for tea samples, including the extraction solvent, extraction time, and purification agent, were optimized for the simultaneous detection of these pesticides. The entire testing procedure (including pretreatment and detection) could be completed within 30 min. The detected results of authentic tea samples were confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), which suggest that the LFICS coupled with sample rapid pretreatment can be used for on-site rapid screening of the target pesticide in tea products prior to their market release.

关键词： Lateral flow immunoassay Rapid detection Pesticide multi-residue Tea matrix Sample rapid pretreatment

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Night warming increases wheat yield by improving pre-anthesis plant growth and post-anthesis grain starch biosynthesis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 536-550页

作者： Yonghui Fan Boya Qin Jinhao Yang Liangliang Ma Guoji Cui Wei He Yu Tang Wenjing Zhang Shangyu Ma Chuanxi Ma Zhenglai Huang College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in South Yellow&Huai River ValleyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHefei 230036China Xianyang Central Station for agricultural technology extension Xianyang 712000China

Global climate change is characterized by asymmetric warming,i.e.,greater temperature increases in winter,spring,and nighttime than in summer,autumn,and *** experiments were conducted using four wheat cultivars,namely‘Yangmai 18’(YM18),‘Sumai 188’(SM188),‘Yannong 19’(YN19),and‘Annong 0711’(AN0711),in the two growing seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021,with passive night warming during different periods in the early growth *** treatments were night warming during the tillering-jointing(NW_(T-J)),jointing-booting(NWJ-B),and booting-anthesis(NWB-A)stages,with ambient temperature(NN)as the *** effects of night warming during different stages on wheat yield formation were investigated by determining the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and translocation,as well as sucrose and starch accumulation in wheat *** wheat yields of all four cultivars were significantly higher in NW_(T-J)than in NN in the 2-year *** yield increases of semi-winter cultivars YN19 and AN0711 were greater than those of spring cultivars YM18 and *** NW_(T-J)increased wheat yield mainly by increasing the 1,000-grain weight and the number of fertile spikelets,and it increased dry matter accumulation in various organs of wheat at the anthesis and maturity stages by increasing the growth rate at the vegetative growth *** flag leaf and spike showed the largest increases in dry matter ***_(T-J)also increased the grain sucrose and starch contents in the early and middle grain-filling stages,promoting yield ***,night warming between the tillering and jointing stages increased the pre-anthesis growth rate,and thus,wheat dry matter production,which contributed to an increase in wheat yield.

关键词： wheat asymmetric warming dry matter accumulation and translocation starch yield

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