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Social Computing Unhinged

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Journal of Social Computing 2020年第1期1卷 1-13页

作者： James Evans University of Chicago ChicagoIL 60637and Santa Fe InstituteSanta FeNM 87501USA.

Social computing is ubiquitous and intensifying in the 21st *** used to reference computational augmentation of social interaction through collaborative filtering,social media,wikis,and crowdsourcing,here I propose to expand the concept to cover the complete dynamic interface between social interaction and computation,including computationally enhanced sociality and social science,socially enhanced computing and computer science,and their increasingly complex combination for mutual *** recommends that we reimagine Computational Social Science as Social Computing,not merely using computational tools to make sense of the contemporary explosion of social data,but also recognizing societies as emergent computers of more or less collective intelligence,innovation and *** further proposes we imagine a socially inspired computer science that takes these insights into account as we build machines not merely to substitute for human cognition,but radically complement *** leads to a vision of social computing as an extreme form of human computer interaction,whereby machines and persons recursively combine to augment one another in generating collective intelligence,enhanced knowledge,and other social goods unattainable without each *** the example of science and technology,I illustrate how progress in each of these areas unleash advances in the others and the beneficial relationship between the technology and science of social computing,which reveals limits of sociality and computation,and stimulates our imagination about how they can reach past those limits together.

关键词： social computing complex systems computer supported cooperative work computational social science artificial intelligence human computer interaction human-centered computing

Radiation force and torque on a two-dimensional circular cross-section of a non-viscous eccentric layered compressible cylinder in acoustical standing waves

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第2期30卷 355-366页

作者： F G Mitri santa fe NM 87508USA

The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical formalism and derive series expansions for the time-averaged force and torque exerted on a compound coated compressible liquid-like cylinder,insonified by acoustic standing waves having an arbitrary angle of incidence in the polar(transverse)*** host medium of wave propagation and the eccentric liquid-like cylinder are *** computations illustrate the theoretical analysis with particular emphases on the eccentricity of the cylinder,the angle of incidence and the dimensionless size parameters of the inner and coating cylindrical fluid *** method to derive the acoustical scattering,and radiation force and torque components conjointly uses modal matching with the addition theorem,which adequately account for the multiple wave interaction effects between the layer and core fluid *** results demonstrate that longitudinal and lateral radiation force components ***,an axial radiation torque component is quantified and computed for the non-absorptive compound cylinder,arising from geometrical asymmetry considerations as the eccentricity *** computational results reveal the emergence of neutral,positive,and negative radiation force and torque depending on the size parameter of the cylinder,the eccentricity,and the angle of incidence of the insonifying ***,based on the law of energy conservation applied to scattering,numerical verification is accomplished by computing the extinction/scattering energy *** results may find some related applications in fluid dynamics,particle trapping,mixing and manipulation using acoustical standing waves.

关键词： radiation force radiation torque liquid compound cylinder multiple scattering acoustical standing waves

Acoustic radiation force and torque on a lossless eccentric layered fluid cylinder

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第11期29卷 140-145页

作者： F G Mitri santa fe NM 87508USA

Exact analytical equations and computations for the longitudinal and transverse acoustic radiation force and axial torque components for a lossless eccentric liquid cylinder submerged in a nonviscous fluid and insonified by plane waves progressive waves(of arbitrary incidence in the polar plane)are established and computed *** modal matching method and the translational addition theorem in cylindrical coordinates are used to derive exact mathematical expressions applicable to any inner and outer cylinder sizes without any approximations,and taking into account the interaction effects between the waves propagating in the layer and those scattered from the cylindrical *** results show that longitudinal and transverse radiation force components arise,in addition to the emergence of an axial radiation torque component acting on the non-absorptive compound cylinder due to geometrical asymmetry as the eccentricity *** computations demonstrate that the axial torque component,which arises due to a geometrical asymmetry,can be positive(causing counterclockwise rotation in the polar plane),negative(clockwise rotation)or neutral(rotation cancellation)depending on the size parameter of the cylinder and the amount of ***,verification and validation of the results have been accomplished from the standpoint of energy conservation law applied to scattering,and based on the reciprocity theorem.

关键词： acoustic radiation force acoustic radiation torque non-viscous liquid eccentric cylinder

A Generalized Discrete Morse-Floer Theory

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2019年第3期7卷 225-252页

作者： Jürgen Jost Sylvia Yaptieu Max Planck institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Inselstrasse 2204103 LeipzigGermany santa fe institute for the Sciences of Complexity Santa FeNM 87501USA

Forman has developed a version of discrete Morse theory that can be understood in terms of arrow patterns on a(simplicial,polyhedral or cellular)complex without closed orbits,where each cell may either have no arrows,receive a single arrow from one of its facets,or conversely,send a single arrow into a cell of which it is a *** following arrows,one can then construct a natural Floer-type boundary ***,we develop such a construction for arrow patterns where each cell may support several outgoing or incoming arrows(but not both),again in the absence of closed *** main technical achievement is the construction of a boundary operator that squares to 0 and therefore recovers the homology of the underlying complex.

关键词： CW complex Boundary operator Floer theory Poincarépolynomial Betti number Discrete Morsetheory Discrete Morse-Floertheory Conleytheory

Edge-induced radiation force and torque on a cylindrically-radiating active acoustic source located near a rigid corner-space

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2019年第2期4卷 166-172页

作者： F.G.Mitri santa fe NM 87508United States

This work examines the physical effect of the edge-induced acoustic radiation force and torque on an acoustically radiating infinitely-long circular cylindrical source,located near a rigid *** harmonic(linear)radiating waves of the source,vibrating in monopole or dipole radiation modes near a rigid corner-space in a non-viscous fluid,the modal series expansion method in cylindrical coordinates,the classical method of images and the translational addition theorem are applied to obtain the mathematical expressions for the radiation force and torque components in exact partial-wave *** results illustrate the theory,and examine some of the conditions where the radiation force and torque components vanish,which has the potential to achieve total motion suppression(i.e.,translation or rotation).Furthermore,depending on the size parameter of the source and the distances from the rigid corner space,these physical observables take positive or negative values,anticipating the prediction of pulling/pushing motions toward the corner space,and possible spinning of the source clockwise or *** present analysis and its results may be useful in some applications related to underwater acoustical oceanographic engineering of submerged objects,cloaking and stealth technology development and the experimental design of elongated unmanned autonomous vehicles or submarines,as well as the manipulation of an active carrier or ultrasound contrast agents of elongated cylindrical shapes near a corner space or chamber walls at a right angle.

关键词： Edge-induced radiation force and torque Radiation of sound Rigid corner space Cylindrical source Monopole/dipole vibration Underwater acoustics.

Whole-genome based Archaea phylogeny and taxonomy: A composition vector approach

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第22期55卷 2323-2328页

作者： SUN JianDong XU Zhao HAO BaiLin T-Life Research Center & Department of Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China santa fe institute Santa Fe New Mexico 87501 USA

The newly proposed alignment-free and parameter-free composition vector (CVtree) method has been successfully applied to infer phylogenetic relationship of viruses, chloroplasts, bacteria, and fungi from their whole-genome data. In this study we pay special attention to the phylogenetic positions of 56 Archaea genomes among which 7 species have not been listed either in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology or in Taxonomic Outline of Bacteria and Archaea (TOBA). By inspecting the stable monophyletic branchings in CVTrees reconstructed from a total of 861 genomes (56 Archaea plus 797 Bacteria, using 8 Eukarya as outgroups) definite taxonomic assignments were proposed for these not-fully-classified species. Further development of Archaea taxonomy may verify the predicted phylogenetic results of the CVTree approach.

关键词：细菌分类学全基因组系统发育矢量方法组分古细菌亲缘关系真核生物

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植物-微生物互惠共生:演化机制与生态功能

生物多样性 2020年第11期28卷 1311-1323页

作者：卢明镇 santa fe institute Santa Fe NM 87501USA

植物-微生物互惠共生是一种特殊的合作形式,在整个生命和陆地生态系统的演化历史中起着至关重要的作用。在全球环境变化背景下,植物和微生物间的互惠共生对生态系统功能的维持具有重要意义。尽管合作/互惠共生如此重要,在生物学中却存... 详细信息

植物-微生物互惠共生是一种特殊的合作形式,在整个生命和陆地生态系统的演化历史中起着至关重要的作用。在全球环境变化背景下,植物和微生物间的互惠共生对生态系统功能的维持具有重要意义。尽管合作/互惠共生如此重要,在生物学中却存在着对它的历史偏见与忽视。特别地,尽管互惠共生的理论与建模发展已有较长的历史,但不同学科分支间仍存在着多种不同的观点。本综述从两个看似对立的视角概述植物-微生物互惠共生的概念框架,即微生物学家关心的微观机制和生态系统生态学家关注的宏观影响。宏观模型通常从一组过于简单的假设出发,便于理论分析。但微观机制是开展定量预测的基础,因此新一代基于过程的宏观模型需嵌入微观机制,这对预测全球变化下的生态系统响应至关重要。此外,希望本文也可以吸引更多学者关注合作/互惠的重要作用,并将这一概念应用于解决其他生态学和社会学问题。

关键词：植物-微生物互惠共生理论生态学模型合作博弈论生物市场理论

Long-range current-induced spin accumulation in chiral crystals

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2315-2321页

作者： Arunesh Roy Frank T.Cerasoli Anooja Jayaraj Karma Tenzin Marco Buongiorno Nardelli Jagoda Sławińska Zernike institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Physics University of North TexasDentonTX76203USA Department of Physical Science Sherubtse CollegeRoyal University of Bhutan42007KanglungTrashigangBhutan The santa fe institute Santa FeNM87501USA

Chiral materials,similarly to human hands,have distinguishable right-handed and left-handed enantiomers which may behave differently in response to external ***,we use for the first time an approach based on the density functional theory(DFT)+PAOFLOW calculations to quantitatively estimate the so-called collinear Rashba–Edelstein effect(REE)that generates spin accumulation parallel to charge current and can manifest as chirality-dependent charge-to-spin conversion in chiral ***,we reveal that the spin accumulation induced in the bulk by an electric current is intrinsically protected by the quasi-persistent spin helix arising from the crystal symmetries present in chiral systems with the Weyl spin–orbit *** contrast to conventional REE,spin transport can be preserved over large distances,in agreement with the recent observations for some chiral *** allows,for example,the generation of spin currents from spin accumulation,opening novel routes for the design of solid-state spintronics devices.

关键词： materials protected handed

Social Scale and Collective Computation:Does Information Processing Limit Rate of Growth in Scale?

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第1期3卷 1-17页

作者： Timothy A.Kohler Darcy Bird David H.Wolpert the Department of Anthropology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164-4910USA santa fe institute Santa FeNM 87501USA Crow Canyon Archaeological Center CortezCO 81321USA Cluster of Excellence ROOTS Christian-Albrechts-UniversitätKiel 24118Germany. Max Planck institute for the Science of Human History Jena 07745Germany the santa fe institute Santa FeNM 87501USA Center for Biosocial Complex Systems Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85281USA Complexity Science Hub Vienna 1080Austria

Collective computation is the process by which groups store and share information to arrive at decisions for collective *** societies engage in effective collective computation depends partly on their *** arrangements and technologies that work for small-and mid-scale societies are inadequate for dealing effectively with the much larger communication loads that societies face during the growth in scale that is a hallmark of the *** important bottleneck for growth may be the development of systems for persistent recording of information(writing),and perhaps also the abstraction of money for generalizing exchange *** on Shin et al.,we identify a Scale Threshold to be crossed before societies can develop such systems,and an Information Threshold which,once crossed,allows more or less unlimited growth in *** introduce several additional articles in this special issue that elaborate or evaluate this Thresholds Model for particular types of societies or times and places in the world.

关键词： social evolution thresholds model information processing writing demographic scale collective computation