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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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Effects of green roof damping and configuration on structural seismic response

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第8期17卷 1133-1144页

作者： Jenika McCLAY Jenna WONG school of Engineering San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA

Sustainable structures are critical for addressing global climate ***,their structural resilience or ability to recover from natural events must be considered *** roofs are a widely used sustainable feature that improve the environment while providing excellent occupant *** expand their usage,their inherent damping and layout sensitivity to seismic performance are investigated in this *** soil of a green roof can serve as a damper to dissipate the energy generated by earthquakes or other dynamic *** of preliminary analysis show that a green roof soil can increase localized damping by 2.5%under both dry and saturated *** on these findings,nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted on a three-story building in SAP2000 to monitor the structural behavior with and without a green *** increased damping in the green roof soil is beneficial to the structural performance,i.e.,it reduces the building displacement and acceleration by 10%and 12%,***,certain configurations are more effective and beneficial to the structural response than others,which suggests the possibility of design *** on the findings of this study,new methods of modeling and considering green roofs in structural design are established.

关键词： green infrastructure green roof structural resilience seismic design

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Densification simulation of compacted Al powders using multi-particle finite element method

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第B09期19卷 68-75页

作者： Kyung-Hun LEE Jung-Min LEE Byung-Min KIM school of Mechanical Engineering Pu san National University

The powder compaction simulations were performed to demonstrate deformation behavior of particles and estimate the effect of different punch speeds and particle diameters on the relative density of powder by a multi-particle finite element model(MPFEM). Individual particle discretized with a finite element mesh allows for a full description of the contact mechanics. In order to verify the reliability of compaction simulation by MPFEM, the compaction tests of porous aluminum with average particle size of 20 μm and 3 μm were performed at different ram speeds of 5, 15, 30 and 60 mm/min by MTS servo-hydraulic tester. The results show that the slow ram speed is of great advantage for powder densification in low compaction force due to sufficient particle rearrangement and compaction force increases with decrease in average particle size of aluminum.

关键词：粉末压实粉末粒子多孔铝有限元法模拟致密化平均粒径有限元模型

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Additive direct-write microfabrication for MEMS： A review

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第4期12卷 490-509页

作者： Kwok Siong TEH school of Engineering San Francisco State University San FranciscoCA 94132 USA

Direct-write additive manufacturing refers to a rich and growing repertoire of well-established fabrication techniques that builds solid objects directly from compu- ter-generated solid models without elaborate intermediate fabrication steps. At the macroscale, direct-write techni- ques such as stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling ink-jet printing, and laminated object manufacturing have significantly reduced concept- to-product lead time, enabled complex geometries, and importantly, has led to the renaissance in fabrication known as the maker movement. The technological premises of all direct-write additive manufacturing are identical--converting computer generated three-dimen- sional models into layers of two-dimensional planes or slices, which are then reconstructed sequentially into three- dimensional solid objects in key differences between the a layer-by-layer format. The various additive manufactur- ing techniques are the means of creating the finished layers and the ancillary processes that accompany them. While still at its infancy, direct-write additive manufacturing techniques at the microscale have the potential to significantly lower the barrier-of-entry--in terms of cost, time and training--for the prototyping and fabrication of MEMS parts that have larger dimensions, high aspect ratios, and complex shapes. In recent years, significant advancements in materials chemistry, laser technology, heat and fluid modeling, and control systems have enabled additive manufacturing to achieve higher resolutions at the micrometer and nanometer length scales to be a viable technology for MEMS fabrication. Compared to traditional MEMS processes that rely heavily on expensive equip- ment and time-consuming steps, direct-write additive manufacturing techniques allow for rapid design-to- prototype realization by limiting or circumventing the need for cleanrooms, photolithography and extensive training. With current direct-write additive

关键词： direct-write additive manufacturing micro-fabrication MEMS

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An approximate Kerr-newman-like metric endowed with a magnetic dipole and mass quadrupole

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第8期76卷 124-138页

作者： Francisco Frutos-Alfaro Space Research Center and school of Physics University of Costa RicaSan PedroSan JoseCosta Rica

Approximate all-terrain spacetimes for astrophysical applications are presented. The metrics possess five relativistic multipole moments, namely, mass, rotation, mass quadrupole, charge,and magnetic dipole moment. All these spacetimes approximately satisfy the Einstein-Maxwell field equations. The first metric is generated using the Hoenselaers-Perjés method from given relativistic multipoles. The second metric is a perturbation of the Kerr-newman metric, which makes it a relevant approximation for astrophysical calculations. The last metric is an extension of the Hartle-Thorne metric that is important for obtaining internal models of compact objects perturbatively. The electromagnetic field is calculated using Cartan forms for locally non-rotating observers. These spacetimes are relevant for inferring properties of compact objects from astrophysical observations. Furthermore, the numerical implementations of these metrics are straightforward, making them versatile for simulating potential astrophysical applications.

关键词： Gravitation Einstein-Maxwell equations Compact objects

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Nicotine-induced dopamine plasticity: a gateway to neurotransmitter replacement?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 73-74页

作者： I-Chi Lai Davide Dulcis Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of California San Diego

Nicotine,the principal neuroactive component of tobacco,acts on the reward systems of smokers,inducing *** evidence indicates that nicotine-induced addiction alters the activity of dopaminergic neurons within reward-processing brain *** effect of developmental nicotine exposure on neuroplasticity of identified reward neurocircuitry in the adult is finally emerging and begins to be understood at the molecular,cellular,and behavioral level(Romoli et al.,2019).

关键词： plasticity smoke gateway

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Direct anti-HCV agents

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第1期6卷 26-31页

作者： Xingquan Zhang Division of Infectious Diseases University of CaliforniaSan Diego School of Medicine

Unlike human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is a curable *** direct antiviral agent(DAA)targets are focused on HCV NS3/4A protein(protease),NS5 B protein(polymerase)and NS5 A *** first generation of DAAs includes boceprevir and telaprevir,which are protease inhibitors and were approved for clinical use *** cure rate for genotype 1 patients increased from 45% to 70% when boceprevir or telaprevir was added to standard PEG-IFN/*** effective and less toxic second generation DAAs supplanted these drugs by *** second generation of DAAs includes sofosbuvir(Sovaldi),simeprevir(Olysio),and fixed combination medicines Harvoni and Viekira *** drugs increase cure rates to over 90%without the need for interferon and effectively treat all HCV *** these drugs the "cure HCV"goal has become a *** remain about drug resistance mutations and the high cost of these *** investigation of new HCV drugs is progressing rapidly;fixed dose combination medicines in phase III clinical trials include Viekirax,asunaprevirtdaclatasvirtbeclabuvir,grazoprevirtelbasvir and others.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Cure HCV Sustained virologic response Direct antiviral agents NS3/4A protease inhibitor

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Calcium channels and their role in regenerative medicine

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第4期13卷 260-280页

作者： Nassem Ahamad Brij B Singh school of Dentistry UT Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78257United States

Stem cells hold indefinite self-renewable capability that can be differentiated into all desired cell *** on their plasticity potential,they are divided into totipotent(morula stage cells),pluripotent(embryonic stem cells),multipotent(hematopoietic stem cells,multipotent adult progenitor stem cells,and mesenchymal stem cells[MSCs]),and unipotent(progenitor cells that differentiate into a single lineage)*** bone marrow is the primary source of multipotent stem cells in adults,other tissues such as adipose tissues,placenta,amniotic fluid,umbilical cord blood,periodontal ligament,and dental pulp also harbor stem cells that can be used for regenerative *** addition,induced pluripotent stem cells also exhibit fundamental properties of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cells,and thus could be another source for regenerative *** diseases including neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascular diseases,autoimmune diseases,virus infection(also coronavirus disease 2019)have limited success with conventional medicine,and stem cell transplantation is assumed to be the best therapy to treat these ***,MSCs,are by far the best for regenerative medicine due to their limited immune modulation and adequate tissue ***,MSCs have the potential to migrate towards the damaged area,which is regulated by various factors and signaling *** studies have shown that extracellular calcium(Ca^(2+))promotes the proliferation of MSCs,and thus can assist in transplantation ***^(2+)signaling is a highly adaptable intracellular signal that contains several components such as cell-surface receptors,Ca^(2+)channels/pumps/exchangers,Ca^(2+)buffers,and Ca^(2+)sensors,which together are essential for the appropriate functioning of stem cells and thus modulate their proliferative and regenerative capacity,which will be discussed in this review.

关键词： Ca^(2+)signaling Ca^(2+)channels Transient receptor potential channel 1/Orai1 stem cells Regenerative medicine Stem cells

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Prognostic impact of inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2025年第1期16卷 5-9页

作者： Macarena Teja María I Garrido Abrahams Ocanto Felipe Counago Department of Radiation Oncology GenesisCare-San Francisco de Asís University HospitalMadrid 28002Spain Department of Radiation Oncology GenesisCare-Vithas La Milagrosa University HospitalMadrid 28010Spain National Director GenesisCare SpainMadrid 28043Spain Department of Medicine School of MedicineHealth and SportEuropean University of MadridMadrid 28670Spain

Pancreatic cancer is usually associated with a poor *** is the main curative treatment but pancreatic operations are aggressive and new tools that help clinicians to predict surgical and prognostic outcomes are *** et al recently published a retrospective,single centre cohort study evaluating the impact of seven nutritional and inflammatory markers in pancreatic cancer surgical patients:The albumin-to-globulin ratio,prognostic nutritional index(PNI),systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),nutritional risk index,and the geriatric nutritional risk index.A significant correlation was found between the PNI,SII,NLR,and PLR and a hospital discharge of less than 15 *** a univariable analysis,PNI,SII,NLR and PLR were significantly related to recurrence-free survival and,in a multivariable analysis PNI was associated with overall *** meta-analyses corroborate the results in terms of prognosis but individual studies are discordant on their ***,the cut-off values for these markers vary significantly between studies and there are no clinical trials comparing them to identify the most relevant *** are limitations when implementing nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers into clinical practice and further studies are needed in order to answer these questions.

关键词： Inflammatory biomarkers Nutritional biomarkers Pancreatic cancer Prognosis Surgical complications

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Description of a Propulsion Unit Used in Guiding a Walking Machine by Recognizing a Three-point Bordered Path

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第6期29卷 1157-1166页

作者： NUNEZ-ALTAMIRANO Diego A JUAREZ-CAMPOS Ignacio MARQUEZ-PEREZ Lucia FLORES-DIAZ Ociel school of Mechanical Engineering Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo Morelia Michoacan Mexico

A reconfigurable propulsion unit based on the Peaucellier-Lipkin mechanism has the ability to describe exact straight or curved paths depending on the selected ratio between the lengths of two of its links. The Peaucellier-Lipkin mechanism with one degree of freedom is transformed into a more sophisticated parallel kinematic chain by including four more degrees of freedom. The resulting propulsion unit is able to adapt its kinematic structure and reach instant centers of rotation, in accordance with the presence of three points that border a geometric path. A laser sensor mounted on the body of the machine detects each point. Once the machine has detected the exact location of the border of the road, it walks along a curve parallel to that border. Although the proposed research describes only one propulsion unit or leg, the methodology can be applied to all the legs of the walking machine. The novel 5-DOF leg is able to reach different centers of rotation, providing either the concave or convex arcs that satisfy the basic principle of displacement of walking machines.

关键词： Propulsion unit Peaucellier-Lipkin walking machine straight line mechanism.

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