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Annual survival and site fidelity of free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): comparative demography before (1983- 1992) and after (1993-2005) spatial confinement

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第1期9卷 24-33页

作者： Stephen L.WEBB Kenneth L.GEE The samuel roberts noble foundation ArdmoreOklahoma USA

Survival and movement are important demographic variables influencing the dynamics of large herbivores with implications for management and evolution of life-history *** practices such as spatial con-finement and harvest regulation attempt to control survival and movement for the sustainability of harvested deer populations,but a paucity of long-term data exists on these management *** examined annual survival and site fidelity of free-ranging white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus)over 10 years(1983-1992)to compare demographic parameters after spatial confinement(1993-2005).We used capture records(n=174;104 females,70 males),marked deer recaptures(n=42),and dead recoveries(n=68)to estimate sex-specif-ic,age-specific and time-specific *** found that annual female survival was 50%from 1983-1987 during a period of intense harvest,but increased to 93.7%after intense harvesting was *** to spa-tial confinement,annual survival of marked male deer averaged 36.7%-42.5%.After spatial confinement,annu-al survival increased on average for males(58%-99%)and females(77%-98%).Females showed high levels of site fidelity(>99%)prior to spatial confinement,whereas males showed much less site fidelity(≤4.5%for the 2 top-ranking models).During spatial confinement,the semi-impermeable fence effectively increased site fidelity of males(≥56%).These results stem from long-term study(23 years)of a large herbivore experiencing changes to life-history,resulting from changes in management that were applied to the population and aimed at altering population demographics,for sustainability of a harvestable population of deer.

关键词： conservation deer fidelity mortality Odocoileus virginianus population dynamics

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Differential mRNA Translation in Medicago truncatula Accessions with Contrasting Responses to Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress

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Molecular Plant 2012年第1期5卷 187-204页

作者： Michael Puckett Niranjani J. lyer YuhongTang Xin-Bin Dai Patrick Zhao Ramamurthy Mahalingam 246 noble Research Center Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 USA samuel roberts noble foundation 2510 Sam Noble Parkway Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Acute ozone is a model abiotic elicitor of oxidative stress and a useful tool for understanding biochemical and molecular events during oxidative signaling. Two Medicago truncatula accessions with contrasting responses to ozone were used to examine translational regulation during ozone stress. In ozone-resistant JE154, significant reduction in ri- bosome loading was observed within one hour of ozone treatment, suggesting energy homeostasis as a vital factor for oxidative stress management. Polysomal RNA-based expression profiling with Affymetrix arrays revealed extensive changes in the translatomes of both accessions. Messenger RNAs with low GC content in their 5＇ and 3＇-UTRs were pref- erentially associated with polysomes during oxidative stress. Genebins analysis revealed extensive changes in various gene ontologies in both accessions. Extensive changes in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism genes were corrobo- rated with increased levels of NAD＋ and NADH in JE154. The significantly lower NAD＋：NADH redox status in JE154, in conjunction with higher ATP amounts, provided a cellular milieu conducive for overcoming oxidative stress. Low levels of ATP, NADH, and suppression of antioxidant defense responses, abet build-up of ozone-derived ROS and ultimately lead to oxidative cell death in Jemalong.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress oxidative and photo-oxidative stress gene expression Medicago truncatula.

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Incorporating within- and between-patch resource selection in identification of critical habitat for brood-rearing greater sage-grouse

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Ecological Processes 2015年第1期4卷 57-71页

作者： Matthew R Dzialak Chad V Olson Stephen L Webb Seth M Harju Jeffrey B Winstead Hayden-Wing Associates LLCNatural Resource ConsultantsLaramieWY 2308 South 8th StreetUSA The samuel roberts noble foundation 2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA

Introduction:Incorporating information on animal behavior in resource-based predictive modeling(e.g.,occurrence mapping)can elucidate the relationship between process and spatial pattern and depict habitat in terms of its structure as well as its *** this paper,we assigned location data on brood-rearing greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)to either within-patch(encamped)or between-patch(traveling)behavioral modes by estimating a movement-based relative displacement *** were to estimate and validate spatially explicit models of within-versus between-patch resource selection for application in habitat management and compare these models to a non-behaviorally adjusted ***:A single model,the vegetation and water resources model,was most plausible for both the encamped and traveling modes,including the non-behaviorally adjusted *** encamped,sage-grouse selected for taller shrubs,avoided bare ground,and were closer to mesic *** sage-grouse selected for greater litter cover and herbaceous *** for proximity to mesic areas was common to both encamped and traveling modes and to the non-behaviorally adjusted *** non-behaviorally adjusted map was similar to the encamped model and validated ***,we observed different selection patterns during traveling that could have been masked had behavioral state not been accounted ***:Characterizing habitat that structured between-patch movement broadens our understanding of the habitat needs of brood-rearing sage-grouse,and the combined raster surface offers a reliable habitat management tool that is readily amenable to application by GIS users in efforts to focus sustainable landscape management.

关键词： Behavioral mode Brood-rearing Centrocercus urophasianus Conditional logistic regression Conservation planning Information-theoretic approach Relative displacement index Species occurrence model

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On-Off Switches for Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2012年第2期5卷 297-303页

作者： Huan-Zhong Wang Richard A.Dixon Plant Biology Division Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Connecticut1376 Storrs RoadStorrsCT 06269USA

Secondary cell walls provide plants with rigidity and strength to support their body weight and ensure water and nutrient transport. They also provide textiles, timber, and potentially second-generation biofuels for human use. Genes responsible for synthesis of the different cell wall components, namely cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, are coordinately expressed and under transcriptional regulation. In the past several years, cell wall-related NAC and MYB transcription factors have been intensively investigated in different species and shown to be master switches of secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Positive and negative regulators, which function upstream of NAC master switches, have also been identified in different plant tissues. Further elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of cell wall synthesis will facilitate the engineering of plant feedstocks suitable for biofuel production.

关键词： Secondary cell wall transcription factors biofuel production.

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Roles of Ubiquitination in the Control of Phosphate Starvation Responses in Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第1期55卷 40-53页

作者： Mónica Rojas-Triana Regla Bustos Ana Espinosa-Ruiz Salom Prat Javier Paz-Ares Vicente Rubio The samuel roberts noble foundation Department of Plant Biology 2510 Sam Noble Parkway Ardmore CBGP (INIA-UPM) Departamento de Biotecnología Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Campus de Montegancedo Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC) Darwin

Throughout evolution, plants have evolved sophisticated adaptive responses that allow them to grow with a limited supply of phos-phate, the preferential form in which the essential macronutrient phosphorus is absorbed by plants. Most of these responses are aimed to increase phosphate availability and acquisition through the roots, to optimize its usage in metabolic processes, and to protect plants from the deleterious effects of phosphate deficiency stress. Regulation of these adaptive responses requires fine percep- tion of the external and internal phosphate levels, and a complex signal transduction pathway that integrates information on the phosphate status at the whole-plant scale. The molecular mecha-nisms that participate in phosphate homeostasis include transcriptional control of gene expression, RNA silencing mediated by microRNAs, regulatory non-coding RNAs of miRNA activity, phosphate transporter trafficking, and post-translational modification of proteins, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination. Such a varied regulatory repertoire reflects the complexity intrinsic to phosphate surveying and signaling pathways. Here, we describe these regulatory mechanisms, emphasizing the increasing importance of ubiquitination in the control of phosphate starvation responses.

关键词： Phosphate homeostasis phosphate signaling phosphate starvation post-translational control ubiquitin.

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Ectopic Expression of a Phytase Gene from Medicago truncatula Barrel Medic Enhances Phosphorus Absorption in Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第1期48卷 35-43页

作者： Kai Xiao Jian-Heng Zhang Maria Harrison Zeng-Yu Wang College of Agronomy Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853-1801 USA Forage Improvement Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation OK 73401 USA

In the present study, the phosphorus-absorption capacity of transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically ex- pressing a novel phytase gene from Medicago truncatula Barrel Medic was evaluated. A full-length cDNA encoding an extracellular form of phytase was isolated from the model legume M. truncatula. The phytase gene （MtPHY1） has an open reading frame of I 632 bp predicted to encode 543 amino acids, including an N- terminal signal peptide of 27 amino acids. The genomic sequence of the MtPHY1 gene is 5 151 bp, containing seven exons interrupted by six introns. Under high-Pi （2 mmol/L） growth conditions, higher levels of MtPHY1 transcripts accumulated in the leaf and stem than in the root. The transcript level was reduced in the stem and increased in the root, with no obvious changes in the hybridization signal detected in the leaf under IowPi （10 pmol/L） conditions. Chimeric transgenes were constructed by placing MtPHY1 under the control of the constitutive CaMV35S promoter and the root-specific MtPT1 promoter. Phytase activities in root apoplast of transgenic Arabidopsis were 12.3- to 16.2-fold of that in control plants. The phytase expressed was secreted into the rhizosphere, as demonstrated by HPLC analysis of phytate degradation by root exudates. Ectopic expression of MtPHY1 in Arabidopsis, leading to significant improvement in organic phosphorus absorption and plant growth, indicated that MtPHY1 has great potential for improving plant phosphorus absorption and phytoremediation.

关键词： Medicago truncatula phosphorus absorption phytase gene.

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Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Purple Acid Phosphatase Gene （MtPAP1） from Medicago truncatula Barrel Medic

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第2期48卷 204-211页

作者： Kai Xiao Maria Harrison Zeng-Yu Wang College of Agronomy Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001 China Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853-1801 USA Forage Improvement Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA

A novel purple acid phosphatase gene （MtPAP1） was Isolated from the model legume Medicago truncatula Barrel Medic. The cDNA was 1 698 bp In length with an open reading frame （ORF） of 1 398 bp capable of encoding an N-terminal signal peptlde of 23 amino acids. The transcripts of MtPAP1 were mainly detected In leaves under high-phosphate conditions, whereas under low-phosphate conditions the transcript level was reduced In leaves and Increased In roots, with the strongest hybridization signal detected In roots. A chimeric gene construct fusing MtPAP1 and GFPwas made In which the fusion was driven by the CaMV35S promoter. Transgenlc Arabidopsis plants carrying the chimeric gene constructs showed that the fusion protein was mainly located at the apoplast based on confocal mlcroecoplc analysis, showing that MtPAP1 could be secreted to the outside of the cell directed by the signal peptlde at the N-terminal. The coding region of MtPAP1 without signal peptlde was Inserted Into the prokaryotlc expression vector pET-30a （＋） and overexpressed In Escherichla coil BL21 （DE3）. The acid phosphatase （APase） proteins extracted from bacterial culture were found largely based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyecrylamlde gel electrophoresls. An enzyme activity assay demonstrated that the APase activity In the transformed bacteria was 3.16-fold higher than that of control. The results Imply that MtPAP1 functions to Improve phosphorus acquisition In plants under conditions of phosphorus （P） stress.

关键词： gene cloning gene expression MtPAP1.

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Intracellular Transport of Plant Viruses： Finding the Door out of the Cell

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 813-831页

作者： James E. Schoelz Phillip A. Harries Richard S. Nelson Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Department of Biology Pittsburg State University Pittsburg KS 66762 USA Plant Biology Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc. Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Plant viruses are a class of plant pathogens that specialize in movement from cell to cell. As part of their arsenal for infection of plants, every virus encodes a movement protein （MP）, a protein dedicated to enlarging the pore size of plasmodesmata （PD） and actively transporting the viral nucleic acid into the adjacent cell. As our knowledge of intercellular transport has increased, it has become apparent that viruses must also use an active mechanism to target the virus from their site of replication within the cell to the PD. Just as viruses are too large to fit through an unmodified plasmodesma, they are also too large to be freely diffused through the cytoplasm of the cell. Evidence has accumulated now for the involvement of other categories of viral proteins in intracellular movement in addition to the MP, including viral proteins originally associated with replication or gene expression. In this review, we will discuss the strategies that viruses use for intracellular movement from the replication site to the PD, in particular focusing on the role of host membranes for intracellular transport and the coordinated interactions between virus proteins within cells that are necessary for successful virus spread.

关键词： Macromolecular trafficking membrane biology membrane proteins movement proteins plasmodesmata plant-virus interactions.

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Transcriptome Analysis of Arabidopsis Wild-Type and gl3-sst sim Trichomes Identifies Four Additional Genes Required for Trichome Development

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Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 803-822页

作者： M. David Marks Jonathan R Wenger Edward Gilding Ross Jilk Richard A. Dixon Department of Plant Biology University of Minnesota St Paul MN 551108 USA Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-River Falls River Falls Wl 54022 USA Plant Biology Division Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Transcriptome analyses have been performed on mature trichomes isolated from wild-type Arabidopsis leaves and on leaf trichomes isolated from the g13-sst sim double mutant, which exhibit many attributes of immature trichomes. The mature trichome profile contained many highly expressed genes involved in cell wall synthesis, protein turnover, and abiotic stress response. The most highly expressed genes in the g13-sst sim profile encoded ribosomal proteins and other proteins involved in translation. Comparative analyses showed that all but one of the genes encoding transcription factors previously found to be important for trichome formation, and many other trichome-important genes, were preferentially expressed in gl3-sst sim trichomes. The analysis of genes preferentially expressed in gl3-sst sim led to the identification of four additional genes required for normal trichome development. One of these was the HDG2 gene, which is a member of the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor gene family. Mutations in this gene did not alter trichome expansion, but did alter mature trichome cell walls. Mutations in BIT resulted in a loss of trichome branch formation. The relationship between bit and the phenotypically identical mutant, sti, was explored. Mutations in PEL3, which was previously shown to be required for development of the leaf cuticle, resulted in the occasional tangling of expanding trichomes. Mutations in another gene encoding a protein with an unknown function altered trichome branch formation.

关键词： Cell wall cell differentiation homeodomain wax trichome

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A Modified Inoculation Method for VIGS in Maize Using A DNA-based Brome mosaic virus vector

A Modified Inoculation Method for VIGS in Maize Using A DNA-...

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中国植物病理学会2012年学术年会

作者： NELSON Richard S. The samuel roberts noble foundation ArdmoreOKUSA

＜正＞Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS） is a powerful tool for gene function *** Brome mosaic virus（BMV） -based silencing vector was used successfully to silence genes in barley, maize and *** make the BMV-VIGS system more efficient and consistent in maize,we modified the inoculation method using partially purified BMV *** propagating the newly modified DNA-based BMV silencing vectors in *** leaves for 3 days,virions were extracted using a PEG-mediated purification *** of full length foreign inserts in the viral sequences was confirmed through RT-PCR using specific ***-week-old maize（***35） seedlings were mechanically inoculated with specific amount of partially purified *** inoculated plants were covered with plastic domes and grown inside a growth chamber set at 18℃for 7 days before being transferred into a greenhouse set at 21℃.Initial BMV infection symptoms were seen in the first systemic leaves by 5～7 days post inoculation（dpi）.By 15～20 dpi,the second and third systemic leaves were harvested from individual inoculated plants and analyzed for specific gene silencing through quantitative *** new inoculation method allows us to produce large amount of virions carrying full-length foreign inserts at a low cost and the inoculated plants gave more uniform infection,thus,this method is being used to study gene function in maize through VIGS.

关键词： viral vector functional identification VIGS

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