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ABA signaling prevents phosphodegradation of the SR45 splicing factor to alleviate inhibition of early seedling development in Arabidopsis

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Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 272-285页

作者： Rui Albuquerque-Martins Dora Szakonyi James Rowe Alexander M.Jones Paula Duque Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia 2780-156 OeirasPortugal sainsbury laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge B21LRUK

Serine/arginine-rich(SR)proteins are conserved splicing regulators that play important roles in plant stress responses,namely those mediated by the abscisic acid(ABA)*** Arabidopsis thaliana SR-like protein SR45 is a described negative regulator of the ABA pathway during early seedling *** the inhibition of growth by ABA signaling is counteracted to maintain plant development under stress conditions remains largely ***,we show that SR45 overexpression reduces Arabidopsis sensitivity to ABA during early seedling *** and confocal microscopy analyses of transgenic plants expressing fluorescently tagged SR45 revealed that exposure to ABA dephosphorylates the protein at multiple amino acid residues and leads to its accumulation,due to SR45 stabilization via reduced ubiquitination and proteasomal *** phosphomutant and phosphomimetic transgenic Arabidopsis lines,we demonstrate the functional relevance of ABA-mediated dephosphorylation of a single SR45 residue,T264,in antagonizing SR45 ubiquitination and degradation to promote its function as a repressor of seedling ABA *** results reveal a mechanism that negatively autoregulates ABA signaling and allows early plant growth under stress via posttranslational control of the SR45 splicing factor.

关键词： abscisic acid alternative splicing Arabidopsis thaliana protein phosphorylation SR proteins

Sequence-Independent Identification of Active LTR Retrotransposons in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2018年第3期11卷 508-511页

作者： Jayne,Griffiths Marco,Catoni Mayumi,Iwasaki Jerzy,Paszkowski The sainsbury laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge UK [∗]Corresponding author Present Address: University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland

Dear Editor,LTR retrotransposons （LTR-TEs） are mobile genetic elements that often comprise a large portion of the host genome and are particularly abundant in genomes of plants （Lisch, 2013）. They transpose through an RNA transcript that is reverse transcribed to an extrachromosomal DNA （ecDNA） of the original element that can insert at a new genomic location （Wicker et al., 2007）.

关键词： Arabidopsis LTR 鉴定人染色体 DNA RNA 元素植物

Zig, Zag, and ’Zyme: leveraging structural biology to engineer disease resistance

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aBIOTECH 2024年第3期5卷 403-407页

作者： Alexander J.McClell Wenbo Ma The sainsbury laboratory Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK

Dynamic host–pathogen interactions determine whether disease will *** effector proteins are central players in such disease *** one hand,they improve susceptibility by manipulating host targets;on the other hand,they can trigger immunity after recognition by host immune receptors.A major research direction in the study of molecular plant pathology is to understand effector-host interactions,which has informed the development and breeding of crops with enhanced disease *** breakthroughs on experiment-and artificial intelligence-based structure analyses significantly accelerate the development of this research ***,the detailed molecular insight of effector–host interactions enables precise engineering to mitigate ***,we highlight a recent study by Xiao et al.,who describe the structure of an effector-receptor complex that consists of a fungal effector,with polygalacturonase(PG)activity,and a plant-derived polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein(PGIP).PGs weaken the plant cell wall and produce immune-suppressive oligogalacturonides(OGs)as a virulence mechanism;however,PGIPs directly bind to PGs and alter their enzymatic *** in a complex with PGIPs,PGs produce OG polymers with longer chains that can trigger *** et *** that a PGIP creates a new active site tunnel,together with a PG,which favors the production of long-chain *** this way,the PGIP essentially acts as both a PG receptor and enzymatic manipulator,converting virulence to defense *** a step forward,the authors used the PG-PGIP complex structure as a guide to generate PGIP variants with enhanced long-chain OG production,likely enabling further improved disease *** study discovered a novel mechanism by which a plant receptor plays a dual role to activate *** also demonstrates how fundamental knowledge,obtained through structural analyses,can be employed to guide the design of proteins with de

关键词： Plant immunity Structural biology Bioengineering Cell wall-degrading enzymes Receptor biology

Aero-Acoustics of Modern Transonic Fans—— Fan Noise Reduction from Its Sources

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第2期12卷 104-113页

作者： L.Xu J.D.Denton Whittle laboratory University of CambridgeUKWhittle LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeUK

The noise of aerodynamics nature from modern transonic fan is examined from its sources with the perspective of noise reduction through aero-acoustics design using advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools. In particular the problems associated with the forward propagating noise in the front is addressed. It is identified that the shock wave spillage from the leading edge near the fan tip is the main source of the tone noise. Two different approaches have been studied to reduce the forward arc tone noise and two state-of-art transonic fans are designed using the strategies developed. The following rig tests show that while the fans exhibit other noise problems, the primary goals of noise reduction have been achieved through both fans and the novel noise reduction concept vindicated.

关键词： transonic fan aero-acoustics noise reduction.

Protein S-Nitrosylation in plants: Current progresses and challenges

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第12期61卷 1206-1223页

作者： Jian Feng Lichao Chen Jianru Zuo sainsbury laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge CB21LRUK State Key laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nitric oxide(NO)is an important signaling molecule regulating diverse biological processes in all living organisms.A major physiological function of NO is executed via protein S-nitrosylation,a redox-based the past decade,significant progress has been made in functional characterization of S-nitrosylated proteins Inviteposttranslational modification by covalently adding a NO molecule to a reactive cysteine thiol of a target protein.S-nitrosylation is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism modulating multiple aspects of cellular *** *** evidence indicates that protein Snitrosylation is ubiquitously involved in the regulation of plant development and stress *** we review current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms of protein S-nitrosylation in various biological processes in plants and highlight key challenges in this field.

关键词： field. adding conserved

Revealing and exploiting hierarchical material structure through complex atomic networks

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 163-170页

作者： Sebastian E.Ahnert William P.Grant Chris J.Pickard Theory of Condensed Matter Group Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK sainsbury laboratory University of CambridgeBateman StreetCambridge CB21LRUK Department of Materials Science&Metallurgy University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridge CB30FSUK Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 KatahiraAobaSendai 980-8577Japan

One of the great challenges of modern science is to faithfully model,and understand,matter at a wide range of *** with atoms,the vastness of the space of possible configurations poses a formidable challenge to any simulation of complex atomic and molecular *** introduce a computational method to reduce the complexity of atomic configuration space by systematically recognising hierarchical levels of atomic structure,and identifying the individual *** a list of atomic coordinates,a network is generated based on the distances between the *** the technique of modularity optimisation,the network is decomposed into *** procedure can be performed at different resolution levels,leading to a decomposition of the system at different scales,from which hierarchical structure can be *** considering the amount of information required to represent a given modular decomposition we can furthermore find the most succinct descriptions of a given atomic *** straightforward,automatic and general approach is applied to complex crystal *** show that modular decomposition of these structures considerably simplifies configuration space,which in turn can be used in discovery of novel crystal structures,and opens up a pathway towards accelerated molecular dynamics of complex atomic *** power of this approach is demonstrated by the identification of a possible allotrope of boron containing 56 atoms in the primitive unit cell,which we uncover using an accelerated structure search,based on a modular decomposition of a known dense phase of boron,γ-B_(28).

关键词： structure atomic complex

Calcium signaling primes RNA interference during viral infection

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Molecular Plant 2021年第10期14卷 1621-1622页

作者： Jesus Sanchez Pardo Echevarria Bruno Pok Man Ngou The sainsbury laboratory University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK

Plants resist viral infection through multiple *** include physical barriers,activation of NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING LEUGINE-RICH REPEAT PROTEINS(NLRs),autophagy,biosyn-thesis of defense-related phytohormones,and RNA interference(RNAi).RNAI suppresses the expression of viral RNA and is conserved across several eukaryotic *** infection,RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASES(RDRs)amplify viral RNA fragments into double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs).

关键词： infection mechanisms viral

Breaking the biotrophic interfacial complex:How genome editing can lead to rice blast resistance

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Molecular Plant 2023年第8期16卷 1243-1245页

作者： Vincent Were Nicholas J.Talbot The sainsbury laboratory University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK

Genome editing is a transformational technology—by precisely altering the coding or regulatory sequence of a specific gene,it is now possible to change specific traits within a wide variety of *** a consequence,plant breeding can be taken to a new level of precision,and many countries are moving rapidly to adopt new legislation to permit genome editing(Greenwood et al.,2023).However,genome editing has so far seldom been used to develop disease-resistant *** is because plant immunity often depends on single dominant resistance genes,which encode immune receptors that recognize secreted effectors deployed by plant pathogens(Jones and Dangl,2006).In this context,genetic modification has proven to be a much more powerful technology so far to introduce these genes from distinct varieties,or even different species,to develop disease resistant crop species(Greenwood et al.,2023),especially when multiple disease-resistance loci can be introduced together to provide more durable resistance(Luo et al.,2021).Genome editing can be used in an innovative way to resurrect previously effective resistance genes(Contreras et al.,2023),but it has been less effective at introducing new forms of disease resistance to crops.

关键词： breeding resistance editing

A Multi-physics Methodology for Four States of Matter

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第3期2卷 487-514页

作者： Louisa Michael Stephen T.Millmore Nikolaos Nikiforakis laboratory for Scientifc Computing Cavendish LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK

We propose a numerical methodology for the simultaneous numerical simulation of four states of matter:gas,liquid,elastoplastic solids,and *** distinct,interacting physical processes are described by a combination of compressible,inert,and reactive forms of the Euler equations,multi-phase equations,elastoplastic equations,and resistive MHD *** of systems of equations are usually solved by coupling finite element for solid modelling and CFD models for fluid modelling or including material effects through boundary conditions rather than full material *** simultaneous solution methodology lies on the recasting of all the equations in the same,hyperbolic form allowing their solution on the same grid with the same finite volume numerical *** use a combination of sharp-and diffuse-interface methods to track or capture material interfaces,depending on the *** communication between the distinct systems of equations(i.e.,materials separated by sharp interfaces)is facilitated by means of mixed-material Riemann solvers at the boundaries of the systems,which represent physical material *** this end,we derive approximate mixed-material Riemann solvers for each pair of the above models based on characteristic *** demonstrate the applicability of the new methodology,we consider a case study,where we investigate the possibility of ignition of a combustible gas that lies over a liquid in a metal container that is struck by a plasma arc akin to a lightning *** study the effect of the metal container material and its conductivity on the ignition of the combustible gas,as well as the effects of an additional dielectric coating,the sensitivity of the gas,and differences between scenarios with sealed and pre-damaged metal surfaces.

关键词： Plasma modelling Four states of matter Lightning Ignition Combustible gas Elastoplastic solids