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Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia generation in full-scale swine wastewater purification facilities

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 115-122页

作者： Takashi Osada Makoto Shiraishi Teruaki Hasegawa Hirofumi Kawahara National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0005 Japan Okayama prefectural Center for Animal Husbandry Research Misaki Okayama 709-3401 Japan Chiba prefectural livestock Research Center Yachimata Chiba 289-1113 Japan saga prefectural Higashimastuura Agricultural Development and Extension Center Karatsu Saga 847-0861 Japan

The activated sludge process to remove nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） is reportedly cost-effective for swine wastewater treatment, and it use has thus increased in pig farming. Nitrous oxide （N20） is generated on farms as an intermediate product in nitrification and denitrification, and methane （CH4） is also generated from organic degradation under anaerobic conditions by microorganisms in manure or wastewater. This study was carried out at five activated sludge treatment facilities across Japan between August 2014 and January 2015. Measurements were conducted over several weeks at wastewater purification facilities for swine farms： two in Chiba prefecture （East Japan）, two in Okayama prefecture （West Japan）, and one in saga （Southern Japan）. Taking several environmental fluctuations into account, we collected measurement data continuously day and night, during both high-temperature and low-temperature periods. The results indicated that CH4 and N20 emission factors were 0.91% （kgCHa·kg volatile solids^-1） and 2.87% （g N2O-N·kg total N^-1）, respectively. Ammonia emissions were negligible in all of the measurements from the wastewater facilities. The N20 emission factor calculated under this experiment was low compared to our previous finding （5.0%; g N2O-N·kg N^-1） in a laboratory experiment. In contrast, the CH4 emission factor calculated herein was rather high compared to the laboratory measurements. There was great variation in daily GHG emission factors measured in the actual wastewater treatment facilities. In particular, the N2O emission rate was affected by several environmental conditions at each facility location, as well as by the management of the wastewater treatment.

关键词： Manure Greenhouse gas Denitrification BOD/NNitrous oxide Methane

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Bovine sperm selection procedure prior to cryopreservation for improvement of post-thawed semen quality and fertility

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 44-57页

作者： MariaPortia B.Nagata Junki Egashira Naoto Katafuchi Kenji Endo Kazuko Ogata Kenichi Yamanaka Tadayuki Yamanouchi Hideo Matsuda Yutaka Hashiyada Kenichi Yamashita Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)807-1 Shuku-machiTosuSaga 841-0052Japan saga prefectural livestock experiment station 23242-2 Yamauchi-machiMiyanoTakeoSaga 849-2305Japan Morinaga Dairy Service Co.Ltd. 1-159 ToyoharaotsuNasu-gun Nasu-machiTochigi 329-3224Japan National livestock Breeding Center(NLBC) 1 OdakuraharaOdakuraNishigo-muraNishishirakawa-gunFukushima 961-8511Japan Institute of livestock and Grassland Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization(NARO)Ikenodai 2TsukubaIbaraki 305-0901Japan Faculty of Agriculture Saga University1 Honjo-machiSaga 840-8502Japan.7Ishikawa Prefectural University1-308 SuematsuNonoichi-shiIshikawa 921-8836Japan.

Background:The application of cryopreservation and artificial insemination technology have contributed to the advancement of animal ***,a substantial proportion of spermatozoa undergoes alterations and loses their fertility during cryopreservation,rendering the frozen-thawed semen impractical for routine *** is known to reduce sperm lifespan and *** in cryosurvival of spermatozoa from different sires and even with the individual sire is common in artificial insemination(AI)*** goal is to improve post-thawed semen quality by optimization of cryopreservation technique through sperm selection prior to cryopreservation ***:Our strategy of sperm selection based on rheotaxis and thermotaxis(SSRT)on macrosale in a rotating fluid flow demonstrated the ability to maintain the original pre-freezing structural integrity,viability and biological function related to fertilization *** strategy has a positive effect on the cryosurvival and fertilizing abilities of spermatozoa as supported by the improvement on pregnancy rate of Japanese Black heifers and Holstein repeat *** technique protected further sublethal damage to bovine spermatozoa(higher%cryosurvival than the control)and resulted in the improvement of DNA *** selected spermatozoa demonstrated slower and controlled capacitation than unprocessed control which is thought to be related to sperm longevity and consequently to appropriate timing during in vivo ***:These results provide solid evidence that improvement of post-thawed semen quality by SSRT method is beneficial in terms of cryosurvival,longevity of post-thawed sperm,and optimization of in vivo fertilization,embryo development and calving as supported by the favorable results of field fertility study.

关键词： Cryopreservation Fertility livestock Rheotaxis Spermatozoa Thermotaxis

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Association of Bovine Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Intramuscular Fatty Acid Composition in Japanese Black Steers

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 105-115页

作者： Hideaki Takahashi Masayuki Hayashi Koichi Ushizawa Kagetomo Nishino Yasutoshi Haga Takao Saito Yuki Fujimori Nagako Iwama Hisato Takeda Masanori Komatsu Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli Institute of livestock and Grassland Science NARO Tsukuba Japan Wako Safety Center RIKEN Wako Japan Beef Cattle Institute Ibaraki Prefectural Livestock Research Center Hitachi-Ohmiya Japan Ibaraki Agricultural Academy Ibaraki Japan Ibaraki prefectural Ken-Nan livestock Hygiene Service Center Tsuchiura Japan Nagano Animal Industry experiment station Siojiri Japan Ibaraki prefectural en-Nan Office of Agriculture and Forestry Tsuchiura Japan University of Tasmania Hobart Australia

Beef from Japanese Black cattle (JBK), is popular in Japan and valued for its highly marbled fat content. In JBK, genes affecting oleic acid content in meat have been studied mainly to lower the fat melting point and improve tenderness;however, there has been no direct correlation demonstrated between beef taste and oleic acid. To investigate genes affecting other fatty acids other than oleic acid, polymorphisms of the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene were genotyped and associations with fatty acid profile in JBK beef were investigated. Amplifications of 5’-flanking regions, 12 exons, and 3’-untranslated regions of the FADS2 gene in three Japanese and five Western cattle breeds via PCR, were amplified, sequenced and SNPs were identified using specific TaqMan genotyping assay. Fatty acid composition of intramuscular adipose tissue of the Trapezius muscle was analyzed in JBK steers. Six of the 15 identified SNPs are novel and have never been registered in any public bovine SNP database. A non-synonymous SNP (rs211580559;C > T;294 Ala > Val) in exon 7 was examined in order to evaluate its association with fatty acid profiles. The data showed that highly significant association existed between rs211580559 and C18:2 (n-6) composition, and accounted for 22.3% of the variation. There were no significant relationships between rs2115-80559 and the other fatty acids. It was concluded that rs211580559 of the FADS2 gene may be a useful selection marker for reducing unfavorable volatiles generated from linoleic acid in JBK beef during the cooking process.

关键词： Japanese Black Cattle Beef Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Fatty Acid Composition

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Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Composting of Pig Manure

Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Composting of Pig Ma...

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国际农业工程大会

作者： Takashi OSADA Yasuyuki FUKUMOTO Makoto SHIRAISHI Keiichi UCHIDA Nobuyuki WAKIMOTO Tadashi TAMURA Makoto ISHIBASH National Agricultural Research Organization JAPAN 1 Hitsujigaoka Toyohira-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 062-8555 Japan. National Agricultural Research Organization JAPAN 1 Hitsujigaoka Toyohira-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 062-8555 Japan. Okayama prefectural Center for Animal Husbandry Research Okayama prefectural Center for Animal Husbandry Research Okayama prefectural Center for Animal Husbandry Research Hokkaido prefectural Shintoku Animal Husbandry experimental station Kumamoto prefectural agricultural Research Center

＜正＞ One cubic meter （around 300kg） of a mixture of swine waste and sawdust was piled and its CH4 and N2O emissions were determined during summer （’02）, winter （’03）, and spring （’02）. The measurement system we devised consisted of a cylindrical chamber （3 m in diameter, 2.2 m in height, 13 m3）, which collected the exhaust gas produced by composting materials, and a measurement device （Osada and Fukumoto 2001）. In the summer and winter experiment,

关键词： Compost Manure livestock waste Pig Greenhouse gas N2O CH4

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